Observation of the decay mode K_L -> pi^+ pi^- e^+ e^-

We report on results of an experimental search for the K_L -> pi^+ pi^- e^+ e^- decay mode. We found 13.5 +- 4.0 events and determined its branching ratio to be (4.4 +- 1.3(stat) +- 0.5(syst))*10^{-7}. The result agrees well with the theoretical prediction.Comment: 9 pages, 6 eps-figures, LaTeX2e, graphicx package, submitted to Physics Letters

Experimental search for the decay mode K_L -> pi^0 gamma e^+ e^-

We report on results of a search for the decay mode K_L -> pi^0 gamma e^+ e^- conducted by the E162 experiment at KEK. We observed no events and set a 90% confidence level upper limit of Br(K_L -> pi^0 gamma e^+ e^-)< 7.1x10^{-7} for its branching ratio. This is the first published experimental result on this decay mode.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics Letters

Application of PDT for Uterine Cervical Cancer

We have been performing PDT using Excimer Dye Laser (EDL) or YAG-OPO laser, a type of low power laser, both of which have a considerably higher degree of tissue penetration even when compared to PDT using Argon Dye Laser (ADL)

Integrin activation - the importance of a positive feedback

Integrins mediate cell adhesion and are essential receptors for the development and functioning of multicellular organisms. Integrin activation is known to require both ligand and talin binding and to correlate with cluster formation but the activation mechanism and precise roles of these processes are not yet resolved. Here mathematical modeling, with known experimental parameters, is used to show that the binding of a stabilizing factor, such as talin, is alone insufficient to enable ligand-dependent integrin activation for all observed conditions; an additional positive feedback is required.Comment: in press in Bulletin of Mathematical Biolog

Study of Two-Proton States of the 20Ne Nucleus by (3He, n) Reaction

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Turnip mosaic potyvirus probably first spread to Eurasian brassica crops from wild orchids about 1000 years ago

Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) is probably the most widespread and damaging virus that infects cultivated brassicas worldwide. Previous work has indicated that the virus originated in western Eurasia, with all of its closest relatives being viruses of monocotyledonous plants. Here we report that we have identified a sister lineage of TuMV-like potyviruses (TuMV-OM) from European orchids. The isolates of TuMV-OM form a monophyletic sister lineage to the brassica-infecting TuMVs (TuMV-BIs), and are nested within a clade of monocotyledon-infecting viruses. Extensive host-range tests showed that all of the TuMV-OMs are biologically similar to, but distinct from, TuMV-BIs and do not readily infect brassicas. We conclude that it is more likely that TuMV evolved from a TuMV-OM-like ancestor than the reverse. We did Bayesian coalescent analyses using a combination of novel and published sequence data from four TuMV genes [helper component-proteinase protein (HC-Pro), protein 3(P3), nuclear inclusion b protein (NIb), and coat protein (CP)]. Three genes (HC-Pro, P3, and NIb), but not the CP gene, gave results indicating that the TuMV-BI viruses diverged from TuMV-OMs around 1000 years ago. Only 150 years later, the four lineages of the present global population of TuMV-BIs diverged from one another. These dates are congruent with historical records of the spread of agriculture in Western Europe. From about 1200 years ago, there was a warming of the climate, and agriculture and the human population of the region greatly increased. Farming replaced woodlands, fostering viruses and aphid vectors that could invade the crops, which included several brassica cultivars and weeds. Later, starting 500 years ago, inter-continental maritime trade probably spread the TuMV-BIs to the remainder of the world

Radiocarbon analysis reveals expanded diet breadth associates with the invasion of a predatory ant

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