Paradigm of modern pharmacology: development and current approaches

The article focuses on the current approach to understanding pharmaceutical products’ effect. It describes a paradigm shift in views on pharmaceutical action in correlation to the processes occurring under pathology. The paper discusses the role of regulatory processes in the development of a disease and a recovery. It points out the necessity of disease registration in order to early start a therap

Pharmacological vector of Rudolf Buchheim

The article is dedicated to the author of experimental pharmacology, professor of University of Dorpat, German pharmacologist Rudolf Buchheim (1820-1879

Thermal optical non-linearity of nematic mesophase enhanced by gold nanoparticles – an experimental and numerical investigation

In this work the mechanisms leading to the enhancement of optical nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystalline material through localized heating by doping the liquid crystals (LCs) with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are investigated. We present some experimental and theoretical results on the effect of voltage and nanoparticle concentration on the nonlinear response of GNP-LC suspensions. The optical nonlinearity of these systems is characterized by diffraction measurements and the second order nonlinear refractive index, n 2 , is used to compare systems with different configurations and operating conditions. A theoretical model based on heat diffusion that takes into account the intensity and finite size of the incident beam, the nanoparticle concentration dependent absorbance of GNP doped LC systems and the presence of bounding substrates is developed and validated. We use the model to discuss the possibilities of further enhancing the optical nonlinearity

Colloidal particles at a nematic-isotropic interface: effects of confinement

When captured by a flat nematic-isotropic interface, colloidal particles can be dragged by it. As a result spatially periodic structures may appear, with the period depending on a particle mass, size, and interface velocity~\cite{west.jl:2002}. If liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates, the interface takes a wedge-like shape, accommodating the interface-substrate contact angle and minimizing the director distortions on its nematic side. Correspondingly, particles move along complex trajectories: they are first captured by the interface and then `glide' towards its vertex point. Our experiments quantify this scenario, and numerical minimization of the Landau-de Gennes free energy allow for a qualitative description of the interfacial structure and the drag force.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure

Endothelioprotective property of the combination of the thioctic acid and rosuvastatin shown in the endothelial dysfunction models

During the experiment, the modeling of endothelial dysfunction of male rats was performed by intraperitoneal administration of L-NAME at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 7 days, and the same of female rats was performed by bilateral ovarioectomy and further intraperitoneal administration of L-NAME at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 7. The deficiency of nitric oxide as a result of the NO-synthase blockade was accompanied by the impairment of the endotheliumdependent and independent vasodilatation estimated in the pharmacological tests, which was expressed in the increasing coefficient of endothelial dysfunctio

Theory of suppressed shot-noise at ν=2/(2p+χ)\nu=2/(2p+\chi)

We study the edge states of fractional quantum Hall liquid at bulk filling factor $\nu=2/(2p+\chi)$ with $p$ being an even integer and $\chi=\pm 1$. We describe the transition from a conductance plateau $G=\nu G_0=\nu e^2/h$ to another plateau $G=G_0/(p+\chi)$ in terms of chiral Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. It is found that the fractional charge $q$ which appears in the classical shot-noise formula $S_{I}=2q$ is $q=e/(2p+\chi)$ on the conductance plateau at $G=\nu G_0$ whereas on the plateau at $G=G_0/(p+\chi)$ it is given by $q=e/(p+\chi)$. For $p=2$ and $\chi=-1$ an alternative hierarchy constructions is also discussed to explain the suppressed shot-noise experiment at bulk filling factor $\nu=2/3$.Comment: Typos in Eqs. (5-7) correcte

Measurement of Counting Statistics of Electron Transport in a Tunnel Junction

We present measurements of the time-dependent fluctuations in electrical current in a voltage-biased tunnel junction. We were able to simultaneously extract the first three moments of the tunnel current counting statistics. Detailed comparison of the second and the third moment reveals that counting statistics is accurately described by the Poissonian distribution expected for spontaneous current fluctuations due to electron charge discreteness, realized in tunneling transport at negligible coupling to environment.Comment: bibliography expande

Ring diagrams and electroweak phase transition in a magnetic field

Electroweak phase transition in a magnetic field is investigated within the one-loop and ring diagram contributions to the effective potential in the minimal Standard Model. All fundamental fermions and bosons are included with their actual values of masses and the Higgs boson mass is considered in the range $75 GeV \leq m_H \leq 115 GeV$. The effective potential is real at sufficiently high temperature. The important role of fermions and $W$-bosons in symmetry behaviour is observed. It is found that the phase transition for the field strengths $10^{23} - 10^{24}$G is of first order but the baryogenesis condition is not satisfied. The comparison with the hypermagnetic field case is done.Comment: 16 pages, Latex, changed for a mistake in the numerical par

The Evolution of Quasiparticle Charge in the Fractional Quantum Hall Regime

The charge of quasiparticles in a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquid, tunneling through a partly reflecting constriction with transmission t, was determined via shot noise measurements. In the nu=1/3 FQH state, a charge smoothly evolving from e*=e/3 for t=1 to e*=e for t<<1 was determined, agreeing with chiral Luttinger liquid theory. In the nu=2/5 FQH state the quasiparticle charge evolves smoothly from e*=e/5 at t=1 to a maximum charge less than e*=e/3 at t<<1. Thus it appears that quasiparticles with an approximate charge e/5 pass a barrier they see as almost opaque.Comment: 4 pages, Correct figure 3 and caption include

Complex correction of psychoemotional and immunological changes in patients with acne

The problem of complex therapy of acne attracts the attention of researchers because it accompanied with significant cosmetic defect and caused serious patient’s experiences. The aim of this study was to find ways to increase the efficacy and safety of treating patients with acne by complex pharmacological correction of its manifestations. The study included 110 people (32 men and 78 women) aged from 17 to 35 years, divided into 5 equal groups (according to the type of therapy) and observed for 6 months. All the patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including calculation of the dermatological index of acne (DIA), psychometric tests as well as an immunological stud