High magnetic field superconducting properties of Nb3Sn films Final report

High magnetic field superconducting properties of niobium stannide films and shielding characterictics of stannide layer

Cardiovascular changes after administration of aerosolized salbutamol in horses: five cases

Prevention and treatment of intraoperative hypoxemia in horses is difficult and both efficacy and safety of therapeutic maneuvers have to be taken into account. Inhaled salbutamol has been suggested as treatment of hypoxia in horses during general anesthesia, due to safety and ease of the technique. The present report describes the occurrence of clinically relevant unwanted cardiovascular effects (i.e. tachycardia and blood pressure modifications) in 5 horses undergoing general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency after salbutamol inhalation. Balanced anesthesia based on inhalation of isoflurane in oxygen or oxygen and air and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine, romifidine, or combination of lidocaine and guaifenesine and ketamine was provided. Supportive measures were necessary to restore normal cardiovascular function in all horses but no long-term adverse effects were noticed in any of the cases

Risk and success factors for good udder health of early lactation primiparous dairy cows

We compared the management and housing of dairy heifers from calf to calving in herds that were very successful versus less successful in preventing mastitis in early lactation primiparous cows. This retrospective observational study included 170 Swedish dairy herds. Eligible herds were identified from the Swedish official milk recording scheme (SOMRS). Each herd had at least 60 cows per year, production data from 3 consecutive years, and at least 10 primiparous cows per year with their first milk recording 5 to 35 d after calving and their second milk recording 20 to 40 d after the first milk recording. In each herd, primiparous cows with a low (100,000 cells/mL) CSCC at both recordings were categorized as high-high (HH). Cows with high CSCC at the first recording and low at the second were categorized as high-low (HL). The annual proportions of LL, HL, and HH cows within each herd were calculated. Herds with an above-median proportion of LL, HL, or HH cows during the first year of a 3-yr selection period, and above the third quartile proportion of LL, HL, or HH cows, respectively, during the second and third year were identified. These herds (LL herds, n = 129; HL herds, n = 92; HH herds, n = 139) were contacted until a maximum of 60 herds per category had agreed to participate. Field technicians/veterinarians visited each herd once in the mid to late indoor season to collect data on housing and management of the heifers from birth to calving. Additional data were retrieved from the SOMRS. Associations between herd category (LL, HL, or HH) and variables collected were analyzed in 8 multivariable multinomial logistic regression submodels covering herd characteristics, milk-fed calves, heifers in early pregnancy, heifers in late pregnancy, calving and colostrum period, miscellaneous factors, summarized heifer housing data, and general health, culling, and fertility data. A final multivariable model was built from the results of the submodels and univariable analyses. The final model showed that having a standard operating procedure for colostrum feeding was more common in LL and HL herds than in HH herds; the mean bulk milk SCC and overall culling rate due to udder health was higher in HH herds than in LL and HL herds; and automatic milking was less common in LL herds than in HL and HH herds. Several herd and management variables differed between herd categories in the submodels. In conclusion, we identified several success factors for herds with good udder health among early lactation primiparous cows. This knowledge can be used to improve preventive measures in dairy herds to ensure sustainable and economic milk production

Liberalising the service market for satellite transmission: Interplay between intellectual property rights, specificity of sport and TFEU economic provisions in Murphy (joined cases C-403/08 and C-429/08)

© T.M.C. Asser Instituut 2013. The article explores the relationship between specificities of broadcasting and sporting industries and protection of intellectual property rights (copyrights) on the one hand and the economic provisions in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) on the other. It is generally built around the Murphy case but the discussion provides a much broader perspective at the issues raised by the Court in that judgment. We start off by looking at the EU post-Lisbon competences in the areas of sport and intellectual property and acknowledging the interrelationship and delicate balance between these areas and the EU goals of economic integration. The facts of the case are set out and thereafter the analysis turns onto the meaning and significance of ‘illicit device’ under Conditional Access Directive; the notion of ‘abuse of rights’ under the EU law; breach of the EU rules on free movement of services (Article 56 TFEU); objective justifications relied on by the Premier League (protection of intellectual property of sporting events and encouraging the public to attend stadiums); the proportionality of the measures employed; ‘closed periods’; the role that Article 165(1) TFEU played in the conclusions of the Court of Justice in Murphy; competition law aspects and convergence with internal market objective justification framework; Audiovisual Media Services aspects; and protecting copyrights and associated works under the Copyright Directive

The Anharmonic Correction in the Soliton Model for the Hyperons

We derive the anharmonic correction to the hyperon energy in the bound state version of the topological soliton model for the hyperons, and show that it represents a negative correction of at most 10% to the energy of the bound heavy flavour two-meson system in the case of cascade hyperons. The main anharmonic correction arises from the mass term in the Lagrangian density. For large meson masses the consistency of the model requires that the anharmonic correction decreases as the inverse square root of the mass of the heavy flavour meson.Comment: 19 page

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Occur in Common Spartina Species

We report the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in Spartina alterniflora Loisel roots. Roots were sampled for AM in field-collected and greenhouse-maintained Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. and S. alterniflora, the dominant species of Louisiana’s brackish and saline marshes, respectively. Previous reports of AM association in these Spartina sp. are limited and conflicting. Field-collected S. alterniflora had minimal AM (2.4%), whereas 39.5% of the S. patens roots examined were AM colonized. Greenhouse conditions of reduced salinity [3 parts per thousand (ppt)] appeared to increase AM association for S. patens compared with field samples. AM occurrence varied significantly among the three sample sites. Our results of low AM association in S. alterniflora differ from previous studies and confirm one previous report of AM in S. patens. Confirming AM association previously thought to be nonexistent in S. alterniflora marshes is a necessary first step in determining if AM influence zonation and competition

Molecular excitation in the Eagle nebula's fingers

Context: The M16 nebula is a relatively nearby Hii region, powered by O stars from the open cluster NGC 6611, which borders to a Giant Molecular Cloud. Radiation from these hot stars has sculpted columns of dense obscuring material on a few arcmin scales. The interface between these pillars and the hot ionised medium provides a textbook example of a Photodissociation Region (PDR). Aims: To constrain the physical conditions of the atomic and molecular material with submillimeter spectroscopic observations. Methods: We used the APEX submillimeter telescope to map a ~3'x3' region in the CO J=3-2, 4-3 and 7-6 rotational lines, and a subregion in atomic carbon lines. We also observed C18O(3-2) and CO(7-6) with longer integrations on five peaks found in the CO(3-2) map. The large scale structure of the pillars is derived from the molecular lines' emission distribution. We estimate the magnitude of the velocity gradient at the tips of the pillars and use LVG modelling to constrain their densities and temperatures. Excitation temperatures and carbon column densities are derived from the atomic carbon lines. Results: The atomic carbon lines are optically thin and excitation temperatures are of order 60 K to 100 K, well consistent with observations of other Hii region-molecular cloud interfaces. We derive somewhat lower temperatures from the CO line ratios, of order 40 K. The Ci/CO ratio is around 0.1 at the fingers tips.Comment: 4 pages, APEX A&A special issue, accepte

Domestic Workload and Multiple Roles. Epidemiological findings on health and sickness absence in women

Aim: The objective of this thesis was to analyse the importance of specific exposures in women’s lives to health and sickness absence; more precisely to study the association between domestic work, multiple roles and the experience of being sick-listed, and self-rated health, psychiatric disorders and sickness absence. Method: The thesis was based on two datasets. ‘Women’s health and living conditions’ (WHL) is a cross-sectional study on 1 417 employed women aged 17 to 64 years old. Data was collected with a questionnaire, and register and employee data on sickness absence. ‘Women and alcohol in Göteborg’ (WAG) is a prospective cohort study on 1 799 women in eight age cohorts born from 1925 to 1980. Data was collected with a screening questionnaire, interviews and register-based sickness absence. Several aspects of domestic work, multiple roles and experience of sickness absence were analysed in relation to self-rated health (SF-36), psychiatric disorders (DSM-III and IV) and sickness absence. The study on multiple roles emanated from the role strain and role enhancement hypotheses and roles were analysed as single roles and as combinations of roles. Changes in self-rated physical health were assessed in relation to experience of sickness absence over five year. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted using multivariate regressions analyses. Results: Domestic job strain and a lack of domestic work equity and marital satisfaction were associated with lower self-rated health particularly vitality and mental health. The former was not associated to sickness absence, but the latter was. Women with domestic workload due to children and adults with special needs had higher odds for medium-long sick-leave spells, while parental responsibility gave lower odds for any sick-leave spell. Occupation was related to lower odds for poor self-rated physical health and sickness absence, while the parental role was associated with higher odds for sickness absence. Compared with women who had all three roles women with occupation and partner role had lower odds for negative health outcomes. Support was found for the role strain hypothesis in the cross-sectional analyses of role combinations while neither of the hypotheses was supported in the five year follow up. A lower proportion of those who had experience of being sick-listed reported good health at both baseline and follow up. Women with psychiatric disorders had higher odds for a change from poor to good self-rated physical health over the five years if they had been sick-listed. Conclusion: Domestic workload was associated to health and sickness absence in women, but there were inconsistencies in the findings on children and being a parent and on multiple roles. From a public health perspective, deeper knowledge on the importance of women’s engagement domestic work and its different dimensions is important for promoting women’s health. A multidimensional assessment of domestic work is important and the content and complexity of domestic work and of different roles needs to be further explored in relation to health and sickness absence in women

Anatomy of the Soft-Photon Approximation in Hadron-Hadron Bremsstrahlung

A modified Low procedure for constructing soft-photon amplitudes has been used to derive two general soft-photon amplitudes, a two-s-two-t special amplitude $M^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ and a two-u-two-t special amplitude $M^{TuTts}_{\mu}$, where s, t and u are the Mandelstam variables. $M^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ depends only on the elastic T-matrix evaluated at four sets of (s,t) fixed by the requirement that the amplitude be free of derivatives ($\partial$T/$\partial$s and /or $\partial$T/$\partial t$). Likewise $M^{TuTts}_{\mu}$ depends only on the elastic T-matrix evaluated at four sets of (u,t). In deriving these amplitudes, we impose the condition that $M^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ and $M^{TuTts}_{\mu}$ reduce to $\bar{M}^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ and $\bar{M}^{TuTts}_{\mu}$, respectively, their tree level approximations. The amplitude $\bar{M}^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ represents photon emission from a sum of one-particle t-channel exchange diagrams and one-particle s-channel exchange diagrams, while the amplitude $\bar{M}^{TuTts} _{\mu}$ represents photon emission from a sum of one-particle t-channel exchange diagrams and one-particle u-channel exchange diagrams. The precise expressions for $\bar{M}^{TsTts}_{\mu}$ and $\bar{M}^{TuTts}_{\mu}$ are determined by using the radiation decomposition identities of Brodsky and Brown. We point out that it is theoretically impossible to describe all bremsstrahlung processes by using only a single class of soft-photon amplitudes. At least two different classes are required: the amplitudes which depend on s and t or the amplitudes which depend on u and t. When resonance effects are important, the amplitude $M^{TsTts}_{\mu}$, not $M^{Low(st)}_{\mu}$, should be used. For processes with strong u-channel exchange effects, the amplitude $M^{TuTts}_{\mu}$ should be the first choice.Comment: 49 pages report # LA-UR-92-270

Low density molecular gas in the galaxy

The distributions and physical conditions in molecular gas in the interstellar medium have been investigated in both the Galaxy and towards external galaxies. For example, Galactic plane surveys in the CO J =1-0 line with the Columbia 1.2-m telescope and with the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) 14-m telescopes have been able to trace spiral arms more clearly than HI surveys have been able to reveal, and indicate that most of molecular mass is contained in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Extensive maps of the whole Milky Way showed two prominent features, the 4-kpc molecular ring and the Galactic center. The physical conditions in the Galaxy have been studied by comparing the intensity of CO J =1-0 line with those of other lines, e.g., 13CO J =1-0, higher J transitions of CO, and dense gas tracers such as HCO+, CS, and HCN. Previous studies were however strongly biased towards regions where CO emission was known to be intense. The radial distribution of molecular hydrogen shows that most of the H2 gas which is indirectly traced by observations of its associated CO emission, originates from the inner Galaxy (Dame 1993). Extending outwards from a galacto-centric distance of ~7 kpc, the H2 mass surface density decreases dramatically, and HI dominates over H2 in the outer Galaxy. What are physical conditions of molecular gas where the CO emission is relatively weak, and can we really trace all of the molecular gas through obervations of CO? These kinds of problems have not been solved yet, but are addressed in our study