The Barents area changes – How will Finland adapt? (Barentsin alue muuttuu – miten Suomi sopeutuu?)

The cumulative impacts of environmental, climatic and societal changes and their consequences will affect the development of the Arctic region in the coming decades. Adaptation to these changes will require measures of all the actors in the region. Finland, part of the Euro-Arctic region, will adapt to these changes in a variety of ways. The Barents area is unique in the Arctic in being a multicultural, relatively densely populated area with well-developed industries and infrastructure. This report examines adaptation to changes and their consequences in the Barents area in terms of governance and Finland’s capacities to adapt. The aim has been to produce comprehensive information from the Finnish perspective for local and national decision-makers about long-term changes in the region, their expected impacts and adaptation options, and to support decision-making that will advance adaptation. The report includes recommendations. This report is based on the contribution of Finnish experts to an Arctic Council and Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) project titled ”Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic” (AACA). The project has prepared a pilot report by Nordic and Russian experts on the Barents area in English on changes, their impacts and adaptation options. The report will be published in 2017 (AMAP 2017)

The holistic effects of climate change on the culture, well-being, and health of the Saami, the only indigenous people in the European Union

Abstract Purpose of Review: (1) To develop a framework for understanding the holistic effects of climate change on the Saami people; (2) to summarize the scientific evidence about the primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of climate change on Saami culture and Sápmi region; and (3) to identify gaps in the knowledge of the effects of climate change on health and well-being of the Saami. Recent Findings: The Saami health is on average similar, or slightly better compared to the health of other populations in the same area. Warming climate has already influenced Saami reindeer culture. Mental health and suicide risk partly linked to changing physical and social environments are major concerns. Summary: The lifestyle, diet, and morbidity of the Saami are changing to resemble the majority populations posing threats for the health of the Saami and making them more vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Climate change is a threat for the cultural way of life of Saami. Possibilities for Saami to adapt to climate change are limited

Barentsin alue muuttuu – miten Suomi sopeutuu?

Ympäristön, ilmaston ja yhteiskunnallisten muutosten yhteisvaikutukset ja niiden seuraukset leimaavat arktisen alueen kehitystä seuraavina vuosikymmeninä. Muutoksiin sopeutuminen vaatii varautumista alueen toimijoilta. Suomi osana euroarktista aluetta sopeutuu muutoksiin monin tavoin. Barentsin alue on erityinen arktinen alue: teollisesti ja infrastruktuuriltaan kehittynyt, suhteellisen tiheästi asuttu sekä monikulttuurinen verrattuna muihin arktisiin alueisiin. Raportissamme tarkastelemme muutoksiin sopeutumista Suomen sopeutumiskyvyn ja hallinnan näkö-kulmista. Tavoitteena on tuottaa kokonaisvaltaista tietoa Barentsin alueen muutoksista, niiden vaikutuk-sista sekä pitkän aikavälin sopeutumisesta nimenomaan suomalaisesta näkökulmasta suomalaisille päättäjille. Näin voidaan tukea sopeutumista edistävää päätöksentekoa. Raportti sisältää myös suosi-tuksia sopeutumisen edistämiseksi. Raportti perustuu suomalaisten asiantuntijoiden tekemään työhön Arktisen neuvoston ja Arktisen alu-een ympäristön tilaa arvioivan ohjelman (AMAP) arktisen alueen sopeutumisen vaihtoehtoja tarkastele-vassa ”Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic” (AACA) -hankkeessa. Asiantuntijat ovat valmistelleet AACA-hankkeessa englanninkielisen Barentsin alueen muutoksia, niiden vaikutuksia ja sopeutumista koskevan osaraportin, joka julkaistaan vuonna 2017 (AMAP 2017). The cumulative impacts of environmental, climatic and societal changes and their consequences will affect the development of the Arctic region in the coming decades. Adaptation to these changes will re-quire measures of all the actors in the region. Finland, part of the Euro-Arctic region, will adapt to these changes in a variety of ways. The Barents area is unique in the Arctic in being a multicultural, relatively densely populated area with well-developed industries and infrastructure. This report examines adaptation to changes and their consequences in the Barents area in terms of governance and Finland’s capacities to adapt. The aim has been to produce comprehensive information from the Finnish perspective for local and national decision-makers about long-term changes in the re-gion, their expected impacts and adaptation options, and to support decision-making that will advance adaptation. The report includes recommendations. This report is based on the contribution of Finnish experts to an Arctic Council and Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) project titled ”Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic” (AACA). The project has prepared a pilot report by Nordic and Russian experts on the Barents area in English on changes, their impacts and adaptation options. The report will be published in 2017 (AMAP 2017).201

Barentisin alue muuttuu - miten Suomi sopeutuu?

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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages