Henckelia khasiana, una nueva especie de Gesneriaceae de la India

A new species of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to H. oblongifolia but differs in having lanceolate calyx lobes, two prominent longitudinal flaps on the inner surface of the corolla tube, bilobed stigma and tomentose capsules. A detailed description of the new species with colour photographs, affinities and a comparison with related species is given. Based on the present data, the new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Henckelia (Gesneriaceae). Esta nueva especie es similar a H. oblongifolia, de la que se diferencia por tener lóbulos del cáliz lanceolados, dos láminas longitudinales prominentes en la superficie interna del tubo de la corola, estigma bilobulado y cápsulas tomentosas. Se proporciona una descripción detallada de la nueva especie y fotografías en color de sus principales órganos. Sobre la base de los datos actuales, se evalúa provisionalmente como en Peligro Crítico (CR) de acuerdo con las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la IUCN

In vitro cytotoxicity and catalytic evaluation of dioxidovanadium(V) complexes in an azohydrazone ligand environment

Three new anionic dioxidovanadium(V) complexes (HNEt3)[VO2(L)1–3] (1–3) of tridentate binegative aroylhydrazone ligands containing the azobenzene moiety were synthesized and structurally characterized. The aroylhydrazone ligands (H2L1–3) were derived from the condensation of 5-(arylazo) salicylaldehyde derivatives with the corresponding aroyl hydrazides. All the synthesized ligands and metal complexes were successfully characterized by several physicochemical techniques, namely, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis and NMR), and cyclic voltammetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography of 1–3 revealed five-coordinate geometry, where the ligand coordinates to the metal centre in a binegative tridentate O, N, O coordinating anion and two oxido-O atoms, resulting in distortion towards the square pyramidal structure. The complexes were further evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa and HT-29 cancer cell lines. All the complexes manifested a cytotoxic potential that was found to be comparable with that of clinically referred drugs, while complex 3 proved to be the most cytotoxic among the three complexes for both cell lines, which may be due to the synergistic effect of the naphthyl substituent in the azohydrazone ligand environment coordinated to the vanadium metal. The synthesized complexes 1–3 were probed as catalysts for the oxidative bromination of thymol and styrene as a functional mimic of vanadium haloperoxidases (VHPOs). All the reactions provided high percentages of conversion (>90%) with a high turnover frequency (TOF) in the presence of the catalysts 1–3. In particular, for the oxidative bromination of thymol, the percentage of conversion and TOF were in the ranges of 98–99% and 5380–7173 (h−1), respectively. Besides, 3 bearing the naphthyl substituent showed the highest TOF among all the complexes for the oxidative bromination of both thymol and styrene

A study of DNA/BSA interaction and catalytic potential of oxidovanadium(V) complexes with ONO donor ligands

The study of DNA/BSA interaction and the catalytic potential of four mononuclear oxidoalkoxido vanadium(V) [VVO(L¹⁻⁴)OEt] (1–4) and one dinuclear oxidoalkoxido mixed-ligand vanadium(V) [{VO(L²)OEt} ₂ (Q)]{Q = 4,4′-bipyridine}(5) complexes, with tridentate binegative aroylazine ligands are reported [where H₂L¹ = anthranylhydrazone of 2- hydroxy-1- napthaldehyde, H₂L² = salicylhydrazone of 2-hydroxy-1- napthaldehyde, H₂L³ = benzoylhydrazone of 2-hydroxy-1- acetonaphthone, H₂L⁴ = anthranylhydrazone of 2-hydroxy-1- acetonaphthone]. All the complexes are characterized by elemental analysis as well as various spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography of 2 reveals that the metal centre is in distorted square pyramidal geometry with O₄N coordination spheres, whereas 5 exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal center. In addition, all the complexes (1–5) show moderate DNA binding propensity which is investigated using UV-vis absorption titration, circular dichroism, thermal denaturation and fluorescence spectral studies. The experimental results show that the complexes effectively interact with CT-DNA through both minor and major groove binding modes, with binding constants ranging from 10⁴ −10⁵ M⁻¹. Among 1–5, complexes 3 and 4 show higher binding affinity towards CT-DNA than others and at the same time also exhibit negative ΔTm values of about ∼1.5 and 1.0 °C which resembles the properties shown by cisplatin. All complexes show moderate photo-induced cleavage of pUC19 supercoiled plasmid DNA with complex 3 showing the highest photo induced DNA cleavage activity of ∼48%. In coherence with the DNA interaction studies, 3 and 4 also exhibit good binding affinity towards BSA in the range of 10¹⁰ −10¹¹ M⁻¹, which is also supported by their ability to quench the tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of BSA. All the complexes show remarkable photo-induced BSA cleavage activity (>90%) at a complex concentration of 50 μM. The catalytic potential of 1–5 is also tested for the oxidative bromination of styrene, salicylaldehyde and oxidation of methyl phenyl sulphide. All the reactions show a high percentage of conversion (>90%) with a high turnover frequency (TOF). Particularly, in the oxidative bromination of styrene the percentage of conversion and TOF vary from 96–98% and 8000–19 600 (h⁻¹) respectively, which signifies the potential of these oxidovanadium(V) complexes to stimulate research for the synthesis of a better catalyst

Efficacy of different strategies to treat anemia in children: a randomized clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anemia continues to be a major public health problem among children in many regions of the world, and it is still not clear which strategy to treat it is most effective.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To evaluate the efficacy and children's acceptance of several recognized strategies to treat anemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Non-breastfed children (n = 577), 6 to 43 mo of age, were screened for the trial; 267 were anemic (hemoglobin < 11.7 g/dL), and 266 of those were randomized into 1 of 5 treatments to received daily either: an iron supplement (IS), an iron+folic acid supplement (IFS), a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS), a micronutrient-fortified complementary food as porridge powder (FCF), or zinc+iron+ascorbic acid fortified water (FW). The iron content of each daily dose was 20, 12.5, 10, 10 and 6.7 mg respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, total iron, weight and height were measured at baseline and after 4 months of treatment. Morbidity, treatment acceptability and adherence were recorded during the intervention.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All treatments significantly increased Hb and total iron concentration; ferritin did not change significantly. Groups MMS, IS and IFS increased Hb (g/dL) [1.50 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.83), 1.48 [(1.18, 1.78) and 1.57 (1.26, 1.88), respectively] and total iron ((μg/dL) [0.15 (0.01, 0.29), 0.19 (0.06, 0.31) and 0.12(-0.01, 0.25), respectively] significantly more than FCF [0.92 (0.64, 1.20)] but not to FW group [0.14 (0.04, 0.24)]. The prevalence of anemia was reduced to a greater extent in the MMS and IFS groups (72% and 69%, respectively) than in the FCF group (45%) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in anthropometry or in the number of episodes of diarrhea and respiratory infections among treatment groups. The supplements MMS and IS were less acceptable to children, than IFS, FCF and FW.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The three supplements IS, ISF and MMS increased Hb more than the FCF; the supplements that contained micronutrients (IFS and MMS) were more effective for reducing the prevalence of anemia. In general, fortified foods were better accepted by the study participants than supplements.</p> <p>ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier</p> <p>NCT00822380</p

Hri-Tech Consultants, LLC

Radiation oncology has evolved as an advanced tool in treating chronic diseases from a mere experimental application of X-rays. These advances were made possible due to combined efforts of physicians, clinicians and information technology professionals. The Radiation Oncologist depends on clinical and information technology disciplines to solve complex health conditions. This creates demand for consulting work for information technology professionals who can design, customize and deploy software applications that are used in radiation oncology departments at hospitals. Hri-Tech Consultants, LLC a consulting firm, intends to offer consulting services to medium sized hospitals in Orange County area in design, development and deployment of radiation oncology software applications. The firm’s unique strength in Radiation Oncology workflow coupled with Lean Six Sigma and ITIL processes will be rarely matched by other providers in the target market

Double Fortified Salt in India: Coverage, Efficacy and Way Forward

Iron deficiency remains the world’s most widespread nutritional disorder and India is one of the countries very worst afflicted. India has successfully reduced the burden of iodine-deficiency disorders through mandatory iodization of salt for more than 20 years. This has resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence of iodine deficiency diseases. Building on the success with iodization, double fortification of salt with iodine and iron is gaining ground and can be integrated with established iodization processes. DFS contemplates the creation and distribution of a powerful innovative product with demonstrated health effects, building on existing distribution platforms for salt through public distribution channels targeted to some of the most impoverished populations in the country at minimal expense and without requiring changes in cultural habits and compliance. Two formulations have been approved by Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) with iron either in the form of encapsulated ferrous fumarate or ferrous sulphate. A meta-analysis showed that DFS increased hemoglobin concentrations significantly.  This intervention as part of a broader anemia strategy has the potential to effect large-scale anemia reduction across populations in India on a permanent and economically self-sustaining basis

Computational techniques for dental image analysis Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series./ K. Kamalanand, B. Thayumanavan, P. Mannar Jawahar, editors.

Includes bibliographical references."This book brings relevant scientific and technological discussion on computer-based techniques for dental image analysis. Dental image analysis is one of the most challenging research areas of medical image analysis. The advances regarding radiographic techniques and their proper use in this book gives practitioners the opportunity for improvement in diagnosis and treatment planning"--Provided by publisher.Machine learning based techniques for dental image analysis / Vivek Verma, Aravind Kilaru, Naresh Pal -- Dental image segmentation using clustering techniques and level set methods / Prabha Sathees -- Teeth and landmarks detection and classification based on deep neural networks / Lyudmila Tuzova, Dmitry Tuzoff, Sergey Nikolenko, Alexey Krasnov -- Image segmentation using contour models : dental x-ray image segmentation and analysis / Kavitha G., Muthulakshmi M., Latha M. -- Thresholding techniques for dental radiographic images : a comparative study / Arockia Sukanya, Kamalanand Krishnamurthy -- Comparison and analysis of dental imaging techniques / Dr. D. Najumnissa Jamal -- Dental cone beam computed tomography for trabecular bone quality analysis in maxilla and mandible / Dr. T. Christy Bobby -- Development of a soft-computing tool to examine caries using dental x-ray images / V. Rajinikanth -- Digital image enhancement techniques for dental radiographs : a support to clinician / E. Priya -- Evaluation of digital dental x-ray images based on multi-level thresholding : a study with firefly algorithm / N. Sri Madhava Raja, C.R. Aishwarya, K. Keerthana, V. Rajinikanth.1 online resource

Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology

Micronutrient deficiencies (including iodine and iron deficiency) is a global health problem affecting one third of the world's population. Salt is an ideal carrier for food fortification as it is universally consumed at equal rates, independently of economic status, and it is industrially processed. Addressing iron and iodine deficiencies together is a challenge, due to interaction between iodine and iron, negating the effect of added iodine. This paper explains the development of an improved microencapsulation-based technology to produce iron premix, which, when added to iodized salt, is stable and organoleptically indistinguishable. Ferrous fumarate was extruded, followed by cutting, sieving to achieve a size of 300–710 µm (salt grain size). Agglomerated extrudates were microencapsulated (5 percent hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 5 percent soy stearin) to form iron premix. Microencapsulation ensures that the added micronutrients are stable without interaction or degradation. Double Fortified Salt is formed by blending iron premix with iodized salt (1:200 ratio). This technology was transferred to India for industrial scale-up. The public distribution system was utilized to establish and monitor an efficient distribution network for DFS in a transparent manner. The scale-up process was initially demonstrated in the state of Uttar Pradesh, following its success two more Indian states have started distribution of DFS. At present, the DFS with iron and iodine is reaching 60 million people in India. This important health intervention technology through food fortification has the potential to be scaled globally to ensure a world free from iron deficiency anemia

Binuclear dioxomolybdenum(Vl) complexes of dithio- or methylene-bridged schiff bases^†

360-364The flexibly-bridged hexadentate tetraanionic ligands, L4- [LH4 = schiff base derived from the condensation of methylene- or dithiobis(salicylaldehyde) with benzoylhydrazide or p-nitrobenzoylhydrazide] and their binuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, NMR and electrometric studies. The isolated complexes have an oligomeric structure, [(MoO2)2L]n in which each molybdenum achieves a pseduo-octahedral structure via MoO -> Mo bridging. The complexes accept neutral donor molecules (D) like pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, imidazole, etc., through their sixth labile binding site available in both [MoO2]2+ units and form [(MoO2)2L(D)2]. The cyclic voltammetric measurements indicate irreversible to quasireversible reduction of the molybdenum(VI) complexes to molybdenum(lV) with a cathodic reduction potential of - 0.83 to - 0.85 V vs SCE at the scan rate of 200 mV/ s