Isolation Virulence genes ETA, OPrL, gyrB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical samples from hospitals in Kerman by Multiplex-PCR

زمینه و هدف: سودوموناس آئروژینوزا یک پاتوژن فرصت طلب و عامل عفونت های بیمارستانی و مرگ و میر به خصوص در بیماران با ضعف سیستم ایمنی می باشد و مقاومت ذاتی به مواد ضد میکروبی منجر به مشکلاتی در درمان عفونت های آن می شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فراوانی ژن های حدت سودوموناس آئروژینوزا به روش Multiplex-PCR می باشد. روش بررسی: 60 نمونه سودوموناس آئروژینوزا شامل 40 نمونه از کلکسیون آزمایشگاه میکروبیولوژی پاسارگاد و 20 نمونه از بیمارستان های استان کرمان جمع آوری و در محیط های اختصاصی کشت داده و با آزمون های بیوشیمیایی تأیید شد. واکنش PCR بر روی تمامی نمونه ها برای شناسایی ژن های حدت gyrB, oprL, ETAو شناسایی جنس و گونه 16SrDNA صورت گرفت. یافته ها: از میان 60 نمونه سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، 38 نمونه (3/63) دارای ژن gyrB و oprL، 37 نمونه (6/61) دارای ژن ETA و هر 60 نمونه (100) دارای ژن 16SrDNA بودند. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اهمیت تشخیص سریع این باکتری به جهت بروز مقاومت و مشکلات موجود در روش های بیوشیمیایی، شناسایی همزمان چندین ژن با روش Multiplex-PCR به­عنوان روشی حساس و دقیق در شناسایی این باکتری به شمار می رود

Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Milk Samples by Ion Chromatography Method and Estimation of Dietary Intake

The presence of nitrate and nitrite in foods may be considered hazardous after ingestion in the gastrointestinal tract due to their reaction with naturally occurred secondary amines to form potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines. Due to this fact, a new method was developed in this study for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in milk samples using by ion chromatography. Proposed mobile phase composed of sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate (1.0 and 3.2 mmol/L) with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The average recoveries for nitrate and nitrite were higher than 86 and 88, respectively. The limit of detection for nitrate and nitrite were 0.24 and 0.09 mg/L, respectively. The results of 102 real milk samples showed nitrate was found in all of the samples (100) with a mean of 34 ± 11 mg/L, while nitrite was found in none of the samples. The mean intake of nitrate in all age groups was lower than World Health Organization guideline. The present assessment concludes that the maximum contaminant level was equal to 82.8 mg/L nitrate. This method was fast, sensitive and accurate and is capable of being an alternative method in food control laboratories for investigation of nitrite and nitrate content. This is the first study of the determination and survey of nitrite and nitrate and exposure assessment of the Iranian population to nitrite and nitrate level in milk, which was widely used in infants and adolescents as one of the basic food components. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Computationally efficient calibration of WATCLASS Hydrologic models using surrogate optimization

International audienceIn this approach, exploration of the cost function space was performed with an inexpensive surrogate function, not the expensive original function. The Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments(DACE) surrogate function, which is one type of approximate models, which takes correlation function for error was employed. The results for Monte Carlo Sampling, Latin Hypercube Sampling and Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments(DACE) approximate model have been compared. The results show that DACE model has a good potential for predicting the trend of simulation results. The case study of this document was WATCLASS hydrologic model calibration on Smokey-River watershed

Seller – Buyer Supply Chain System For Deteriorating Products Involving Floor Space Constraint And Budget Constraint

An inventory model is developed for a seller -buyer with the supply chain system for deteriorating products. The core objective of the review is reducing the system cost while optimizing the order size and also satisfying the constraints. For this, a Lagrangian multiplier procedure was applied to tackle this sort of non-linear programming mathematical model. This model is illustrated through a numerical example which is easy to computational and took less time too. Further, sensitivity analysis utilized to illustrate the behaviors of developed model

The prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia in serum of human immunodeficiency viruses-infected patients of iran

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus species are the most prevalent opportunistic agents found in patients with HIV which may result in life-threatening cryptococcal meningitis (CM). A non-invasive way for diagnosis of CM is the detection of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in the blood to reduce either the mortality rate or the treatment complications associated with antiretroviral therapy. Not much information is available in CM among HIV patients in Iran. AIM: Thus, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cryptococcal disease by antigen testing, possible associated factors, and outcomes in HIV-infected patients being managed in a referral HIV/TB hospital in Tehran-Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were screened for CrAg using a rapid latex agglutination test between 2017 and 2018 at Masih Daneshvari Hospital (Tehran-Iran) as referral land center for HIV/TB patients. Based on CD4 counts, 106 HIV-positive infected patients including 101 (95.3) males and 5 (4.7) females with the mean ± standard deviation age of 42.40 ± 10.687 and 36.50 ± 6.403 years enrolled in the study. The patients were categorized into 4 groups, (a) <50, (b) 50�100, (c) 101�200, and (d)>200 CD4+ T cells/µL. Whole blood was obtained with EDTA (for flow cytometry of CD4 counts) or without for harvesting serum for determination of CrAg in serum. RESULTS: The results showed only one positive case for CrAg, indicating that CrAg is rare in Iranian HIV patients (overall estimation is lower than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: With the paucity of information about the prevalence of cryptococcosis in Iran, there is a need for better screening tests and strategies for detection of CrAg in addition to the prevention and treatment approaches of CM. © 2020 Monireh Kamali, Payam Tabarsi, Khorshid Badihi, Esmaeil Mortaz

The effects of different dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on some growth performance and proximate composition of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Selenium, a trace mineral complement is used as cofactor of antioxidant enzymes that protects fishes against environmental stress agents and enhances performance in fishes. In this study the different levels of organic and inorganic source of selenium were included in juvenile rainbow trout diet to evaluate feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain percent (WG), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR) and proximate analysis of the fillet during 60 days of the experiment. The fishes were allotted to 9 treatment groups including: Tc the fishes were fed diet without any selenium, control group; To1, To2, To3 and To4 the fishes were fed different dosages of inorganic [sic] selenium; and Ti1, Ti2, Ti3 and Ti4 those were fed different dose of inorganic Se in their diet. Results showed that To4, showed the highest level of WG from 50±2.8 to 168.54± 25.56 g in comparison to Tc (134.38± 27.26g) (p<0.05). Average initial total length of fishes (19± 1.12 centimeters) increased to 21.1± 1.12 cm in Tc and 22.46± 1.25 cm in To4 significantly (p<0.05). Among all treatments, FCR, SGR, WG, CF and SR were improved in To3 group. Also carcass protein increased in To4 (32.58±1.22%) on the contrary of Ti4 (22.43±1.51%) (p<0.05). As a general conclusion, dietary incorporation of organic selenium at 0.45 mg/kg showed satisfactory results in some growth parameters and was a useful supplement in salmonid fish diets

Effect of different levels of Azolla meal on growth performance and digestibility of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

In this study, the effects of different dietary levels of Azolla meal were investigated on growth performance and digestibility of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings during 60 days. Five experimental diets approximately iso-protein (30%) and isolipidic (10%), were formulated with different levels of Azolla meal consisting of 0, 15, 25, 35 and 45%, respectively. In each experimental treatment, triplicate groups of common Carp fingerlings (16.5± 0.2 g) were used in a completely randomized design. Twenty fish were assigned to each experimental unit and stocked in 300 L tank. The results showed that the use of Azolla meal up to 15% had no negative effect on growth performance. The growth of fish was reduced significantly with increasing Azolla meal level of more than 15% of diet. Based on results, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter decreased with increasing Azolla meal in diets. The highest ADC of protein was observed in control treatment. However, no significant difference was observed between the treatment 2 (diet with 15% Azolla meal) and control (without Azolla meal) for ADC of protein. In general, results of the present study showed that Azolla meal can be used up to 15% in Cyprinus carpio diet

Effect of shape and size of sampling window on the determination of average length, intensity and density of trace discontinuity

The fractures geometrical characteristics can be calculated by various sampling methods in 1 dimension (1D) & 2 dimensions (2D). The Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) simulation results show some of the equations are suitable for calculation of mean trace length and the difference between actual value and their values is less than 15%. Apparent density is dependent on scale, but the Mauldon's estimators are independent of scale despite the variation in fracture length. For all joint sets, the difference of apparent areal intensity by samplings windows and circular estimator is less than 5% proportionate to actual value. A reduction of Fisher constant doesn't have much effect on mean trace length of the fractures with length less than 1.5 m, but it results in a 21% difference for fractures with length longer than 1.5 m. Variation of this parameter affects the density, too and the difference can be 5% to 10% depending on fracture length. But, variation in Fisher constant doesn't have any effect on areal intensity for fractures with length less than 2 m

Two new records of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran

خانواده‌ی Tetranychidae گونه‌های زیادی دارد که همگی آفات محصولات کشاورزی هستند. دو گونه از کنه‌های این خانواده، Eotetranychus uncatus Garman و E. potentillae Begl. et Mitr برای اولین‌بار از ایران گزارش می‌شوند. گونه‌ی اول از شهرستان مراغه روی آلوچه و گونه‌ی دوم از گچسر (واقع در جاده چالوس) روی تمشک در تابستان 1388 جمع‌آوری شد