Magnetization Behaviour of Nanocrystalline Permalloy Thin Films Prepared Using Oblique-angle Magnetron Sputtering Technique

In the current work, nanocrystalline Fe0.5Ni0.5 magnetic thin films were deposited on a Si(100) substrate using the oblique-angle sputtering technique with the oblique deposition angle ranging from 11.5 to 45°. Structure, static magnetic properties, and dynamic magnetic characteristics were evaluated as a function of the deposition angle. The results indicate that the nanocrystalline FCC phase of FeNi with (111) preferred orientation and the average crystallite size of 6.3-9.3 nm was deposited successfully. The measured value of the uniaxial anisotropy field shows an increment from 7.65 to 16.71 Oe as the oblique angle rises from 11.5 to 45°, which in turn leads to an increase in the ferromagnetic resonance frequency from 0.63 to 0.88 GHz

Multi-material additive manufacturing of low sintering temperature Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics with Ag floating electrodes by selective laser burnout

Additive manufacturing (AM) of co-fired low temperature ceramics offers a unique route for fabrication of novel 3D radio frequency (RF) and microwave communication components, embedded electronics and sensors. This paper describes the first-ever direct 3D printing of low temperature co-fired ceramics/floating electrode 3D structures. Slurry-based AM and selective laser burnout (SLB) were used to fabricate bulk dielectric, Bi2Mo2O9 (BMO, sintering temperature = 620–650°C, εr = 38) with silver (Ag) internal floating electrodes. A printable BMO slurry was developed and the SLB optimised to improve edge definition and burn out the binder without damaging the ceramic. The SLB increased the green strength needed for shape retention, produced crack-free parts and prevented Ag leaching into the ceramic during co-firing. The green parts were sintered after SLB in a conventional furnace at 645°C for 4 h and achieved 94.5% density, compressive strength of 4097 MPa, a relative permittivity (εr) of 33.8 and a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0004 (8 GHz) for BMO. The feasibility of using SLB followed by a post-printing sintering step to create BMO/Ag 3D structures was thus demonstrated

Enhancing Data Privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) using Edge Computing

The vast deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) is improving human life standards every day. These IoT applications are producing a huge amount of data from the environment where it is deployed. The collected data are mostly including end-user private data or industrial data which are transmit-ted over the internet to the cloud devices for storing, processing, and sharing with the connected applications. Recent IoT data privacy related researches are mostly focused on data privacy within a particular location of the network or at a particular device but none has pointed and listed all the places where the end-user or industrial data privacy risks exist. In this work, we have addressed both technical and management aspects for the enhancement of the privacy of IoT data. We have identified and listed the places where IoT data privacy risks exist, followed by our proposed model for data privacy enhancement in the inter-net of things (IoT) and listed ten suggestions for avoiding data privacy leakage and for IoT data privacy enhancement. The results of this work should be useful for both academic researchers and stakeholders from the industry while designing and implementing new IoT solutions for the enhancement of human society

Comparative studies on the structure and magnetic properties of Ni–Zn ferrite powders prepared by glycine-nitrate auto-combustion process and solid state reaction method

Ni–Zn ferrite compositions (Ni1−xZnxFe2O4) are well known due to their remarkable soft magnetic properties, which potentially have a broad range of applications in many areas. In this study, Ni–Zn ferrite with the chemical formula of Ni0.64Zn0.36Fe2O4 was prepared by the glycine-nitrate autocombustion process (GNP) and solid state reaction method (SSRM). In order to achieve a desirable particle size, the SSRM powders were milled for 3 h at a milling rate of 200 rpm. The structure and magnetic properties of the ferrite powders, which were synthesized by both methods, were characterized and their properties were compared. The results indicate that a significant amount (∼ 90 wt.%) of nanocrystalline Ni0.64Zn0.36Fe2O4 ferrite with the average crystallite size of 47 nm, particle size of 200 nm, saturation magnetization of 73 emu/g and coercivity of 54 Oe has been formed by means of the glycine-nitrate process. The results also show that not only the saturation magnetization of the GNP ferrite powder is relatively similar to that of the milled SSRM powders, but also it is synthesized at a much shorter duration than that of the solid state reaction method

Real-time monitoring of an endogenous Fgf8a gradient attests to its role as a morphogen during zebrafish gastrulation

Morphogen gradients impart positional information to cells in a homogenous tissue field. Fgf8a, a highly conserved growth factor, has been proposed to act as a morphogen during zebrafish gastrulation. However, technical limitations have so far prevented direct visualization of the endogenous Fgf8a gradient and confirmation of its morphogenic activity. Here, we monitor Fgf8a propagation in the developing neural plate using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated EGFP knock-in at the endogenous fgf8a locus. By combining sensitive imaging with single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we demonstrate that Fgf8a, which is produced at the embryonic margin, propagates by diffusion through the extracellular space and forms a graded distribution towards the animal pole. Overlaying the Fgf8a gradient curve with expression profiles of its downstream targets determines the precise input-output relationship of Fgf8a-mediated patterning. Manipulation of the extracellular Fgf8a levels alters the signaling outcome, thus establishing Fgf8a as a bona fide morphogen during zebrafish gastrulation. Furthermore, by hindering Fgf8a diffusion, we demonstrate that extracellular diffusion of the protein from the source is crucial for it to achieve its morphogenic potential