Temperature dependence of Andreev spectra in a superconducting carbon nanotube quantum dot

Tunneling spectroscopy of a Nb coupled carbon nanotube quantum dot reveals the formation of pairs of Andreev bound states (ABS) within the superconducting gap. A weak replica of the lower ABS is found, which is generated by quasi-particle tunnelling from the ABS to the Al tunnel probe. An inversion of the ABS-dispersion is observed at elevated temperatures, which signals the thermal occupation of the upper ABS. Our experimental findings are well supported by model calculations based on the superconducting Anderson model.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Magnitude and Causes of Maternal Deaths at Health Facilities in Eritrea in 2007.

Objective: To measure the level of maternal mortality in health facilities as well as the magnitude and proportion of obstetric complications in health facilities in Eritrea. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of all hospitals and health centers in Eritrea and a random sample of around a third of health stations. Medical records of all patients who encountered obstetric complications in 2007 were reviewed. Findings: The main causes of obstetric complications among hospital admissions in 2007 were abortion complications (45.6%), obstructed/prolonged labor (18.4%), abnormal fetal presentation (10.3%) and preeclampsia/ eclampsia (7.7%). The number of maternal deaths at facilities was relatively small. Out of the 6,315 patients who were admitted for obstetric complications in 2007, 41 were classified as maternal deaths. The leading causes of maternal deaths included pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia in 22.0 percent of the cases, abortion complications in 19.5 percent of the cases and postpartum sepsis in 17.1 percent of the cases and post-partum hemorrhage in 14.6 percent of cases. The case-fatality rate for obstetric complications was low at 0.75 percent. The majority of maternal deaths (65 percent) occurred in the post-partum period, while 32 percent occurred during the ante-partum period, and 3 percent during intra-partum or during labor or delivery Conclusion: Over all it can be concluded that the Eritrean health system is performing well with the current demand for services. The issue of abortion requires special attention because it is the leading obstetric complication, which accounts for 46 percent of maternal complications and is responsible for one fifth of maternal deaths. Although the case fatality rate of all obstetric complications combined is not high (0.75 percent), the cause specific case fatality rates for the leading causes of maternal mortality was high Keywords: Maternal mortality, obstetric complications, abortion, case fatality rat

The Lived Experience of Paradox:How Individuals Navigate Tensions during the Pandemic Crisis

This is a dialogue and part of an article series involving many authors. </p

Quality of Maternity Care at Health Facilities in Eritrea in 2008

Objective: To examine the quality of maternal health services at health facilities in Eritrea. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of all hospitals and health centers and a random sample of a third of health stations. Extensive interviews with health providers and facility managers were undertaken using structured questionaires. Findings: The key findings of the study include: All hospitals and all health centers provided Basic Obstetric Emergency Care. However, only 11 of the 18 hospitals provided Comprehensive Obstetric Emergency Care including caesarian section. The national referral hospital treated 54 percent of obstetric complications, while health centers and health stations are not proportionally sharing the burden of work. Recommendations: Eritrean health system which was performing well with the current demand for services can improve its outputs. Upgrading of the function of existing facilities by strengthening the human resource capacity is needed to increase availability of emergency obstetric care by more than one third, using the existing physical structure of health facilities. Keywords: Maternity care, Quality, availability, accessibility, continuity, management, infrastrScope, Editoria