A Comparison of Receptivity to the Deductive and Inductive Methods of Preaching in the Pioneer Memorial Church

Problem. There are two basic methods into which all preaching falls, deduction and induction. Homiletical literature advocating either method extols the virtues of the one over the other. However, such literature offers little supportive data based upon listener responses and preferences. An historical survey of preaching reveals that the preaching of Jesus and the apostles in the New Testament was dominantly inductive, whereas the preaching of the post-New Testament church has been generally deductive. Therefore, it was the task of this project to seek listener response to deductive and inductive preaching in the Pioneer Memorial Church in order to ascertain listener preference for one or the other of these two sermonic methods. Methods. Eight sermons, preached in Pioneer Memorial Church during the fall of 1985, intentionally alternated between the deductive and inductive methods. A group of randomly selected listeners reacted to each sermon through a standard evaluative questionnaire. Based upon their responses, listener preference for deductive and inductive preaching was ascertained. Results. The response of the listeners has conformed to the expectations of some of the homiletical literature. On the other hand, it was discovered that in numerous instances the listeners in Pioneer Memorial Church demonstrated a wide range of responses and preferences that prevents any categorical advocacy of one method over the other. This opportunity to establish a dialogical relationship with certain parishioners of the congregations has resulted in a growing awareness that pastoral preaching must reflect the inherent diversity and differing preferences within the congregation. Conclusions. The responses of the listeners in this project indicate that the choice of sermonic method alone is not the determinative factor in eliciting a prescribed listener response. While it may be concluded that a slightly greater degree of listeners preferred the inductive method over deduction, it is clear that in fact listeners prefer a combining of deductive and inductive preaching. Any homiletical strategy for the future must incorporate both methods consistently and regularly in order for the Word of God to be effectively communicated in Pioneer Memorial Church

Research for preparation of cation-conducting solids by high-pressure synthesis and other methods

It was shown that two body-centered-cubic skeleton structures, the Im3 KSbO3 phase and the defect-pyrochlore phase A(+)B2X6, do exhibit fast Na(+)-ion transport. The placement of anions at the tunnel intersection sites does not impede Na(+)-ion transport in (NaSb)3)(1/6 NaF), and may not in (Na(1+2x)Ta2 5F)(Ox). The activation energies are higher than those found in beta-alumina. There are two possible explanations for the higher activation energy: breathing of the bottleneck (site face or edge) through which the A(+) ions must pass on jumping from one site to another may be easier in a layer structure and/or A(+)-O bonding may be stronger in the cubic structures because the O(2-) ion bonds with two (instead of three) cations of the skeleton. If the former explanation is dominant, a lower activation energy may be achieved by optimizing the lattice parameter. If the latter is dominant, a new structural principle may have to be explored

Canada\u27s Residential Schools and the Right to Integrity

Apart from characterizations of the residential schools system as imposing cultural genocide, it is possible to understand the system in terms of a legal wrong involving violations of family integrity. The 19th and early 20th centuries saw increasing state intervention in families generally so as to impose compulsory education. However, wrongs in this intervention were recognized, and international law developed toward a right of family integrity that led to changes in non-Indigenous contexts. Evidence from the TRC shows that Canada did not respond as quickly in the Indigenous context, thus permitting an identification of how the residential schools system violated international law at least in its latter decades. Focus on this international law right of family integrity has potential application to other contexts ofinterference with Indigenous families and is thus a helpful legal approach that should be adopted

Les bases culturelles de la parenté: un changement de paradigme

French: D’un point de vue conceptuel, les systèmes de parenté reposent sur des modes de représentation culturelle que nous appelons terminologies de parenté et à partir desquelles les limites, la forme et la structure des principes d’organisation sociale sont culturellement élaborés. Contrairement à ce que les anthropologues tiennent depuis longtemps pour acquis, une terminologie n’est pas forcément inhérente aux relations généalogiques, ces dernières découlant de la logique structurelle de la terminologie de parenté. La structure de la terminologie, représentée sous une forme algébrique, peut être produite à partir des principaux termes de parenté, suivant un principe supposé universel de structures terminologiques de la parenté. Les terminologies diffèrent, sur le plan culturel, selon les principales expressions et équations utilisées pour les élaborer. Cela implique un changement de paradigme qui nous ferait passer de la généalogie considérée comme fondement essentiel des relations de parenté à un modèle dans lequel la parenté intégrerait à la fois des termes de parenté propres à un système de représentations culturellement constitué auquel nous nous référons dans la terminologie de parenté, et une dimension généalogique élaborée de manière récursive en utilisant les relations parents/enfants. Ces deux domaines sont fondés sur un espace familial comprenant les positions de parents/enfants, conjoints, germains. English: Kinship systems are conceptually grounded in culturally formulated idea-systems we refer to as kinship terminologies and through which the boundaries, form and structure of human social systems are culturally constituted. A terminology, contrary to a long-standing assumption in anthropology, is not based on a prior categorization of genealogical relations, as the latter is derived from the structural logic of the kinship terminology. The terminology structure, formally represented as an algebraic structure, can be generated from primary kin terms in accordance with a hypothesized universal theory of kinship terminology structures. Terminologies differ culturally according to the primary terms and equations used for generating them. This requires a paradigm shift from the received view of genealogy as the primary basis for kin relations to a new paradigm in which kinship incorporates both a kin term space expressed through a culturally constituted idea-system we refer to as a kinship terminology and a genealogical space constructed recursively using parent-child relations. Both of these spaces are grounded in a family space composed of parent-child, spouse and sibling positions

Alligator Feeding Habits: New Data and a Review

Nutria (Myocastor coypus) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) are the predominant food items of alligators over 1.5 min length in southeastern Louisiana. Our data and a review of the literature on alligator diets indicate that the mammals are apparently major components of the diet of large alligators over much of their range, with fishes and crustaceans being more important to smaller alligators