205 research outputs found

    A diagnostic multiplex PCR scheme for identification of plant-associated bacteria of the genus Pantoea.

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    Unrefereed reprintThe genus Pantoea forms a complex of more than 25 species, among which several cause diseases of several crop plants, including rice. Notably, strains of Pantoea ananatis and Pantoea stewartii have been found to cause bacterial leaf blight of rice in Togo and Benin, while other authors have observed that Pantoea agglomerans can also cause bacterial leaf blight of rice. The contribution of these and perhaps other species of Pantoea to plant diseases and yield losses of crop plants is currently not well documented, partly due to the lack of efficient diagnostic tools

    Facteurs Socio-Economiques Influençant L’adoption de Coton Biologique au Nord- Est du Bénin: Cas de la Commune de Kandi

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    La production biologique est l’une des sérieuses options à considérer pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire et limiter significativement les risques d’intoxication provoqués par les produits chimiques. Elle est d’autant plus importante pour les pays en voie de développement à l’instar du Benin où l’agriculture, un des piliers de l’économie reste fortement dépendante des pesticides chimiques. L’objectif visé par cette étude est d’analyser l’adoption de la production du coton biologique dans la commune de Kandi (Nord-Est du Benin). Au total 143 producteurs de coton ont été enquêtés dont 70 producteurs de coton biologique et 73 producteurs de coton conventionnel. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’entretiens individuels basés sur des questionnaires. L’analyse de l’adoption du coton biologique réalisée à l’aide d’un modèle de régression logistique a montré que les caractéristiques socio-économiques des producteurs ainsi que la distance entre les champs et les ménages des producteurs sont les principaux facteurs qui influencent leur choix de produire ou non le coton biologique. Les femmes préfèrent plus la production biologique que celle conventionnelle. Cela leur permet non seulement de ne plus dépendre de leur mari pour les intrants mais aussi d’avoir leurs propres champs. Les producteurs ayant pour activité principale l’agriculture, possédant un nombre d’actifs agricoles élevé, et accédant au crédit sont plus susceptibles d’adopter le coton biologique. De même, les producteurs ayant leurs champs proches de leur maison sont plus favorables à cette production que ceux dont les champs sont trop éloignés

    Influence of the Types of Fertilizers on the Economic Performance of the Market Garden Production in Parakou Town, Northern Benin

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    Given the pronounced degradation in recent years, it appears imperative to develop production techniques promoting conservation/improvement of the structure and composition of the soil. This study aims to analyze the influence of the types of fertilizers on the economic performance of the market garden production in the town of Parakou. This study is specifically interested in the culture of carrot. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among sixty (60) farmers chosen randomly in this Municipality. The data collected were related to demographics and spending and revenue generation according to the types of fertilizers (chemical and biological). These data were collected on the basis of a questionnaire addressed to individually sampled producers. The information collected was analyzed using SPSS software v. 20. It follows that the carrot production is economically and financially profitable in the town of Parakou. Moreover, economic performance indicators calculated (net margin, average labor productivity, internal rate of return and the benefit/cost) indicate that organic fertilizers improve more the profitability of this production

    Local perception of ecosystem services provided by bats and bees and their conservation in BĂ©nin, West Africa

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    Indigenous perception on ecosystem services provided by honey bees and fruit bats were assessed in Bénin to find out whether the communities value these services and to appreciate if there is any chance to conserve them locally. Farmers were interviewed with questionnaire in three regions of Bénin to report their perception on bats and bees’ value in nature, for human, the trend of their populations and the chance to conserve them. We reported that the communities valued more and more bees’ services in nature from the Southern to the Northern of the country (3 vs. 52%). Bees were threatened according to 35% (South), 89% (Centre) and 99% (North) of interviewees’ declarations. 26-41% persons stated there is chance to conserve them. Bats’ seed dispersal was better recognized in the North (91%) than in the Central zone (76%) and in the South (19%). Bats were threatened mainly by their use as bush meat (52-93% of interviewees) and there is some chance to conserve them mainly in the South, according to percentage of respondents. Population regression was declared for these two animals everywhere. We concluded that ecosystem services provided were overall well known giving thereby some chance to promote actions to conserve them.Keywords: Bats, bees, conservation, ecosystem services, local communitie

    Uso da técnica EPG para monitoramento do comportamento alimentar de afídeos nas cultivares de trigo Embrapa 16 e BRS Timbaúva.

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    Editores técnicos: Joseani Mesquita Antunes, Ana Lídia Variani Bonato, Márcia Barrocas Moreira Pimentel

    Vaginal flora changes and reproducibility of interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears

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    Biologia de Rhopalosiphum Padi (Hemiptera:Aphididae) em diferentes temperaturas e cultivares de trigo.

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    Editores técnicos: Joseani Mesquita Antunes, Ana Lídia Variani Bonato, Márcia Barrocas Moreira Pimentel

    Maladies et plantes vasculaires du Karité (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) au Bénin

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer les maladies et les plantes vasculaires du karitĂ© (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) dans les savanes Soudanienne (SS) et Nord guinĂ©enne (SNG) du BĂ©nin. Pour ce faire, quarante sites au total ont Ă©tĂ© prospectĂ©s au cours du mois de juillet 2018. Sur chaque site, l’incidence et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des symptĂ´mes de maladies, la densitĂ© et la distribution des plantes vasculaires ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Des Ă©chantillons de feuilles malades, des plantes vasculaires du karitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s pour lĘĽidentification au laboratoire. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis sp, Xanthomonas sp ont Ă©tĂ© les agents pathogènes identifiĂ©s. Les valeurs d’incidence Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©es dans la SS (59,6% L. theobromae, et de 42,2% Xanthomonas sp) et dans la SNG (67,5% Pestalotiopsis sp et de 55% L. theobromae). Les valeurs de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©es dans la SS (39% L. theobromae et de 30,6% Xanthomonas sp) et dans la SNG (54,7% Pestalotiopsis sp et 43% L. theobromae). Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es sur la densitĂ© des plantes vasculaires ont montrĂ© une Orchidiaceae holo-Ă©piphyte (Calyptrochilum christyanum), une Moraceae hĂ©mi-Ă©piphyte (Ficus thonningii), une Renonculaceae (Alafia barteri) et deux Loranthaceae (Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Tapinanthus globiferus). T. dodoneifolius et T. globiferus sont plus rĂ©pandus avec des taux d’infestation moyens respectifs de 68,67% et de 66,58% et des densitĂ©s moyennes par plant respectives de 5,64 touffes et de 2,52 touffes. Ainsi, les efforts d’amĂ©lioration de la production de karitĂ© doivent prendre en compte les stratĂ©gies de lutte contre ces agents pathogènes et plantes vasculaires.   The present study aims to assess diseases and vascular plants of the shea-butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) in Sudan Savanna (SS) and Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS) of Benin. Thus, forty (40) sites in total were surveyed in July 2018. On each site, incidence and severity of the disease symptoms, and density and distribution of vascular plants of the shea-butter tree were studied. Samples of diseased leaves and vascular plants of the sheabutter tree were collected for laboratory identification. The pathogens Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis sp) and Xanthomonas sp were identified. The incidence values were high in SS (59.6% L. theobromae and 42.2% Xanthomonas sp) and in NGS (67.5% Pestalotiopsis sp and 55% L. theobromae). The severity values were high in SS (39% L. theobromae and 30.6% Xanthomonas sp) and in NGS (54.7% Pestalotiopsis sp and 43% L. theobromae). Data collected on the density of vascular plants of the shea-butter tree showed one holo-epiphytic Orchidiaceae (Calyptrochilum christyanum), one Moraceae (Ficus thonningii), one Renonculaceae (Alafia barteri) and two Loranthaceae (Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Tapinanthus globiferus). T. dodoneifolius and T. globiferus were more widespread with respectively infestation rate of 68.67% and 66.58%, and respectively average densities per shea plant of 5.64 tufts and 2.52 tufts. Thus, efforts to improve shea-butter production must take into account strategies for disease pathogens and vacular plants control in the sheabutter parklands in Benin

    Djehuty: A Code for Modeling Whole Stars in Three Dimensions

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    The DJEHUTY project is an intensive effort at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to produce a general purpose 3-D stellar structure and evolution code to study dynamic processes in whole stars.Comment: 2 pages, IAU coll. 18
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