Preferential transmission of Gossypium sturtanium chromosome fragments in the progeny of [(G. hirsutum x G. raimondii)2 x G. sturtanium] trispecies hybrid

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Genital trauma due to coital injury in women at Pikine National Hospital: epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic insights from 32 cases

Background: Sexual trauma involves very different situations in women, most of which are uncommon in clinical practice. These are, often minor lesions following “normal” sexual act, not requiring medical attention. In general, it is estimated at less than 1% of gynecological emergencies. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study which extends over a period from March 2019 to January 2023, i.e., a duration of 3 years and 10 months. Results: During the study period, 32 cases of per coital trauma were collected out of a total of 18,924 gynecological and obstetrical emergencies, i.e., a frequency of 0.16%. The 20–40-year-old age group was the most represented with a rate of 72.7% and most of them were married (72.7%). The trauma occurred during consensual sexual intercourse with a male, rate of 75.8% compared to 24.2% of non-consensual reports. It was the first sexual act in 69.7% of cases and mainly occurred at night (72.7%). Patients mainly consulted for vaginal bleeding. The relationship between the type of lesion and parity as well as that between the type of lesion and the circumstances of occurrence showed that complex lesions were more frequently encountered in nulliparous women during consensual sexual act. Conclusions: Percoital genital trauma in women remains an under-reported condition despite the enormous risks to the vital, but also functional and psychological prognosis

Ins and outs of the cultural polis: informality, culture and governance in the global South

This paper provides an epistemological critique of informality by focusing on cultural governance in two cities of the global South, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Dakar, Senegal. Aiming to enrich debates about urban creativity and urban cultural policy, which are still mainly focused on and articulated from the global North, we consider the broad field of ‘informality’ research as an entry point for such a discussion. Using case studies from African and Latin American contexts, we focus on the interstices of cultural policy and the borderlands of (in)formality, examining how governmental institutions are entangled in informal processes, and how grassroots cultural interventions become part of mainstream cultural circuits. The analysis sheds light on how these creative spaces of cultural production, located in Southern contexts of urban extremes, contribute to the vitality of informal urbanisms and unsettle predominant views that see them merely as sites ofinfrastructural poverty and social exclusion. The paper suggests that a creative remapping of informality, through an inquiry of the ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of the cultural polis, could improve our translating capacity of academic discourse into institutional/policy-related operations

Age-period-cohort analysis for trends in body mass index in Ireland

Background: Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and can often result in a variety of negative health outcomes. In this study we aim to apply partial least squares (PLS) methodology to estimate the separate effects of age, period and cohort on the trends in obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI). Methods. Using PLS we will obtain gender specific linear effects of age, period and cohort on obesity. We also explore and model nonlinear relationships of BMI with age, period and cohort. We analysed the results from 7,796 men and 10,220 women collected through the SLAN (Surveys of Lifestyle, attitudes and Nutrition) in Ireland in the years 1998, 2002 and 2007. Results: PLS analysis revealed a positive period effect over the years. Additionally, men born later tended to have lower BMI (-0.026 kg·m-2 yr-1, 95% CI: -0.030 to -0.024) and older men had in general higher BMI (0.029 kg·m -2 yr-1, 95% CI: 0.026 to 0.033). Similarly for women, those born later had lower BMI (-0.025 kg·m-2 yr-1, 95% CI: -0.029 to -0.022) and older women in general had higher BMI (0.029 kg·m-2 yr-1, 95% CI: 0.025 to 0.033). Nonlinear analyses revealed that BMI has a substantial curvilinear relationship with age, though less so with birth cohort. Conclusion: We notice a generally positive age and period effect but a slightly negative cohort effect. Knowing this, we have a better understanding of the different risk groups which allows for effective public intervention measures to be designed and targeted for these specific population subgroups

Test phytochimique et insecticide de trois extraits organiques de feuilles de Ficus thonningii sur Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius

Pour trouver des alternatifs aux insecticides de synthèse, les extraits de plantes sont de plus en plus utilisés par les paysans pour protéger les stocks de récolte contre les insectes ravageurs. Ainsi, des tests phytochimiques et insecticides respectivement par chromatographie sur couche mince et par contact sont effectués sur trois extraits organiques (cyclohexanique, chloroformique et méthanolique) de Ficus thonningii. Les données ont été analysées par la procédure General Linear Model à l’aide du logiciel Minitab 17. Les facteurs étudiés sont : le temps, le nombre d’insectes morts et le nombre d’insectes émergés, ainsi que leurs interactions. Les résultats de l’analyse statistique ont montré que l’extrait méthanolique donne un meilleur taux de mortalité sur Callosobruchus maculatus aux dates 3eme jour, 5e jour, 6e jour, 7e jour et 8eme jour. Ces résultats sont corroborés par les tests phytochimiques avec l’identification de molécules (alcaloïdes, flavanoïdes, tanins, polyphénols et saponosides…) susceptibles d’être responsables de cette activité insecticide.Mots clés: Extraits, Ficus thonningii, Callosobruchus maculatus, niébé

Lamb-peak spectrum of the HD (2-0) P(1) line

A saturation spectroscopy measurement of the P(1) line of the ($2-0$) band in HD is performed in a sensitive cavity-enhanced optical setup involving frequency comb calibration. The spectral signature is that of a Lamb-peak, in agreement with a density-matrix model description involving 9 hyperfine components and 16 crossover resonances of $\Lambda$-type. Comparison of the experimental spectra with the simulations yields a rovibrational transition frequency at 209,784,242,007 (20) kHz. Agreement is found with a first principles calculation in the framework of non-adiabatic quantum electrodynamics within 2$\sigma$, where the combined uncertainty is fully determined by theory

Precision measurement of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of tritium-bearing hydrogen molecules: T2_2, DT, HT

High-resolution coherent Raman spectroscopic measurements of all three tritium-containing molecular hydrogen isotopologues T$_2$, DT and HT were performed to determine the ground electronic state fundamental Q-branch ($v=0 \rightarrow 1, \Delta J = 0$) transition frequencies at accuracies of $0.0005$ cm$^{-1}$. An over hundred-fold improvement in accuracy over previous experiments allows the comparison with the latest ab initio calculations in the framework of Non-Adiabatic Perturbation Theory including nonrelativisitic, relativisitic and QED contributions. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and theory, thus providing a verification of the validity of the NAPT-framework for these tritiated species. While the transition frequencies were corrected for ac-Stark shifts, the contributions of non-resonant background as well as quantum interference effects between resonant features in the nonlinear spectroscopy were quantitatively investigated, also leading to corrections to the transition frequencies. Methods of saturated CARS with the observation of Lamb dips, as well as the use of continuous-wave radiation for the Stokes frequency were explored, that might pave the way for future higher-accuracy CARS measurements.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure

Structure démographique de peuplement naturel et répartition spatiale des plantules de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. dans la forê

Pterocarpus erinaceus de la famille des Fabaceae, est un arbre  éminemment utile pour les populations. C’est une espèce endémique multi-usage des zones guinéo-soudaniennes et soudano-sahéliennes. La présente étude analyse les paramètres structuraux du peuplement naturel de P. erinaceus, détermine la distribution spatiale des plantules et leurs relations spatiales avec leurs géniteurs et les autres espèces. Des mesures dendrométriques et la cartographie des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus erinaceus ont été effectuées dans la forêt de Tiogo en zone soudanienne du Burkina Faso. L’analyse des structures en diamètre et en  hauteur montre que le peuplement est dominé par des individus âgés, les individus jeunes étant absents. La distribution spatiale des jeunes plantules de l’espèce montre qu’elles ont une distribution grégaire et ont besoin des milieux plus ou moins ouverts pour germer. L’analyse de la fonction L12 (r) montre que ces plantules sont en compétition avec la plupart des espèces en présence hormis Acacia macrostachya et Vittelaria paradoxa. Cette germination préférentielle des milieux  ouverts expose ces plantules à la sécheresse pendant la saison sèche, aux feux de végétation et à la dent des herbivores qui parcourent chaque jour les forêts en zone soudanienne.Mots clés : Structure, distribution spatiale, régénération, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Tiogo, Burkina Faso

Rodents as natural hosts of zoonotic Schistosoma species and hybrids: an epidemiological and evolutionary perspective from West Africa

The complex multi-host disease dynamics of schistosomiasis and Schistosoma spp., including the emergence of zoonotic parasite hybrids, remain largely unexplored in West Africa. We elucidated the role of wild small mammals as reservoir for zoonotic Schistosoma species and hybrids in endemic areas of Senegal. We identified Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma bovis, and a Schistosoma haematobium/S. bovis hybrid, with local prevalence in wild rodents ranging from 1.9% to 28.6%. Our findings indicate that rodents may be an important local reservoir for zoonotic schistosomiasis in endemic areas of West Africa, amplifying transmission to humans and acting as natural definitive hosts of schistosome hybrids