Phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence

The present paper introduces the basic concepts of luminescence via defining, classifying and enumerating the applications of various types of luminescence. Two key aspects of luminescence- fluorescence and phosphorescence - have been dealt with theoretically for monomolecular and bimolecular materials. The rate equations of these materials have been derived and discussed. The rise and decay of luminescence intensities for both monomolecular and bimolecular materials have been discussed. &nbsp

Decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials

The Present paper reports the decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic material poly (2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethyl-hexyle-flourene) (PF2/6). On the basis of the rate equation for the generation , recombination and diffusion of triplet excitons expressions are derived for the decay time of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials. The lifetime of phosphorescence is comes out to be twice the decay time of delayed fluorescence. The intensity of phosphorescence depends linearly on the intensity of the laser light used for exciton , however the intensity of light depends quadritically on the intensity of the laser light used for excitation. A compression is made between the theoretical and experimental results, in which a good agreement is found. &nbsp

Cfd Study of Sloshing in Rectunglar Tank

Due to vehicle acceleration or deceleration, fuel inside and automotive fuel is subjected to inertial acceleration or deceleration, which causes to slosh thereby generating sloshing noise. In the premium segment of cars this noise is considered to be an irritant to passenger because of low background noise. As part As part of an ongoing research project at IIT Hyderabad, both experimental and CFD studies are be performed to understand and predict this sloshing noise. As part of my MTech thesis, two-phase, multi-dimensional and time-accurate CFD simulations were performed to simulate liquid sloshing for a rectangular tank. Commercial CFD solver STAR CCM+ was used to perform the CFD simulations. VOF multiphase model was used to track the evolution of the liquid surface for different acceleration values. Images from high speed video camera was used to validate the current CFD simulations. Parametric studies on the effect of acceleration amplitude, frequency and fill level on liquid sloshing behavior was studied

Association of thyroid status with hemoglobin levels in pregnancy

Background: The association of hemoglobin levels with thyroid status in pregnancy was not studied in detail. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the levels of hemoglobin, thyroid function and its association with hemoglobin levels in first trimester of pregnancy.Methods: Fifty pregnant women who didn’t start any supplementation were recruited from the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department. Fifty age matched controls were recruited from the residents and staff of the hospital.  Thyroid profile and hemoglobin levels were measured in both the groups. The association was seen between hemoglobin levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.Results: The hemoglobin levels are significantly low in first trimester pregnant women. Further, the increased TSH levels are negatively correlated with low hemoglobin levels.Conclusions: Screening of hemoglobin levels in first trimester itself will be beneficial to prevent the complications of pregnancy. Further, hypothyroidism also present and associated with reduced hemoglobin. So, early diagnosis of these deficiencies will be useful to start giving supplements to avoid unwanted effects in pregnancy

Prescribing pattern and drug utilization study in inpatients of department of Orthopaedics in a rural teaching hospital of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Drug utilization study can increase our understanding of how drugs are being used. This study was done to evaluate the current drug prescribing trend in management of indoor patient of orthopaedic department and to comment on rationality of the prescribed medicines.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for 12 months, in Chandrikaben Rashmikant Gardi Hospital, a 600 bedded tertiary care rural based, teaching hospital. Total 611 patients were included in this study.Results: Total 5416 drugs were prescribed in 611 prescriptions. Average number of drugs per prescription was 8.86. Average duration of prescription was 10.7 days. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 28.8%. Percentage of encounter with an Antibiotic prescribed was 60.23% i.e. out of 611 prescriptions antibiotics were prescribed in 368. Percentage of encounter with an Injection prescribed was 63% which means out of 611 prescriptions, injectables were prescribed in 385. Percentage of drugs prescribed from National Essential Medicine List was 52.63%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from WHO model List was 32.46%. Diclofenac (14.25%) was most commonly prescribed drug. Incidence of polypharmacy was quite high in context of Analgesics. Almost 40% of prescriptions had 2 drugs. Orally prescribed Analgesics were 62.6%, Injectables 34.38% and Topical 3.02%.Conclusions: This study reveals that the pattern of prescription in terms of rationality is poor. Special attention needs to be given to the irrational prescribing in terms of polypharmacy and long duration. Continuing medical education regarding appropriate use of drugs, knowledge of adverse effects and standard prescription guidelines will play pivotal role in rational prescription of drugs

Prevalence of lifestyle diseases among Hindu priests of Central India

Background: Major risk factors for lifestyle diseases are present with priest’s lifestyle. Daily responsibility of priests includes, sitting mostly for long working hours & taking high calorie diet in form of Prasad. Predisposition to these may give rise to lifestyle diseases. Aim: To assess prevalence of lifestyle diseases (obesity & hypertension) among Hindu priests Method: A cross-sectional study done. Total sample size was 440. Simple random sampling was done. A pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire contained Physical activity level (GPPAQ) & daily dietary calorie intake (24-hour recall). BMI & BP was measured. Results: Mean systolic & diastolic blood pressure of study participants were 131.25 ± 14.4 & 88.16 ± 10.4 respectively. 149(33.9%) of study participant were normal, 127(28.9%) High Normal, 108(24.5%) Grade 1 Hypertension, 32 (7.3%) in Grade 2 Hypertension& 24 (5.5%) were Optimal. Mean BMI of participants was 22.6 (SD ± 3.9). 277(63.0%) were normal, 88(20.0%) Pre-Obese, 47(10.7%) Underweight, 24(5.5% Obese Class I & 4 (0.9%) with Obese Class II. 188(42.7%) of study participant were inactive, 104(23.6%) moderately active, 88(20.0%) moderately inactive & 60(13.6) active. 224(50.9%) of study participant were having calorie intake over of recommended value, 176(40.0%) adequate intake & 40(9.1%) were deficient in their daily calorie intake. Statistically significant association was seen between hypertension with Obesity & Physical activity. Conclusion: Priests have an inactive lifestyle with high daily calorie intake which resulted in lifestyle diseases like obesity (6%) & hypertension (32%).   Key words: Priest, Obesity, Hypertension, level of physical activity, Ujjain

Factors influencing the work performance of Mitanins (ASHA) in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India: a cross sectional study

Background: The Mitanin programme is a community health volunteer programme which was initiated by the Government of Chhattisgarh, India in 2002. The Mitanin programme further progressed to lay foundation for the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) programme by the National Rural Health Mission. There is robust indication that the Community health workers could significantly contribute towards the betterment of health outcomes. The objective of the study was to study the factors influencing the work performance of Mitanins in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among 180 Mitanins selected through multistage random sampling in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India during March to August 2015. A predesigned, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Regarding counselling to pregnant mother on maternal and child health about (65.6%) Mitanins were having knowledge and out of these prevalence of its practice was found to be (75.4%). Their less knowledge for content of responsibility significantly affected their practices in community. Other major factors influencing their work performance are better training sessions (37.8%), support from health staff (65.6%), drug kit refilling (80%), and fewer hurdles in receiving incentives (85.6%.Conclusions: Less knowledge of the work component, less cooperation from health staff, delay refilling of drug kit, incentive oriented practices, delayed and inadequate payment of incentives for Mitanins influences the work performance

Understanding of Nityaga Kaala from Geographical perspective in India

Philosophies are the foundation for any science, the primary inquest for any science actually starts from philosophy. Whatever scientific theories have been laid today are the transformed versions of philosophy only, Ayurveda being a philosophical science has proven its relevance till date, because of its thumping philosophical background. The philosophy of Shadpadartha is the common root for Indian philosophies and Ayurveda, Dravya or substance/matter is considered to be the foremost Padartha by Vaisheshika philosophers, though Ayurveda has placed it after Samanya, Vishesha and Guna, it has given utmost importance to it because of its applicability and supremacy in Chikitsa. Charaka Samhita has emphasized the importance of the Karana Dravyas for the homeostasis of body tissue and thus maintaining good state of health, the Nine Karana Dravyas viz, Pancha Mahabhuta, Atma, Manas, Kaala and Disha/ Dik or Desha are the materialistic causes for the creation and health

PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID AND TANNIN CONTENT DETERMINATIONS AND IN-VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACTS OF SACCHARUM MUNJA ROXB.

Free radicals are reactive molecules involved in many physiological processes and have been associated with many diseases, such as ageing, cancer, arthritis, liver injury and cardiac complications. The fact between anti-oxidant potential and amount of polyphenolics compounds of Saccharum munja is very crucial co-relation because of its ehnomedicnal uses and experimental values. The total phenolics content were found to be 10.15±2.45 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g total flavonoids contents and total tannin contents were 11.34±1.20 mg RE/g and 14.54±0.52 mg GAE/g respectively of Saccharum munja. The ability of Saccharum munja root extract was found to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals. In the present study, the relative antioxidant ability of Saccharum munja was investigated through two in-vitro models, such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity using, α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) methods. The extracts were used at concentration 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/ml concentrations and radical scavenging activity was determined in terms of inhibition percentage. The IC50 (concentration required for 50% inhibition) were calculated for each radicals. The In-vitro free radical DPPH activities was found to 73.45 ± 0.25 and NO antioxidant activity were found to be 57.20 ± 1.15 at maximum concentration of 100µg/ml. This study proven the significant role of hydro-alcoholic extract of Saccharum munja Roxb. as a potential source of natural antioxidants. Keywords: polyphenolic, anti-oxidant, free radical etc

Dual Role of Ribosome-Binding Domain of NAC as a Potent Suppressor of Protein Aggregation and Aging-Related Proteinopathies

The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is a conserved ribosome-associated protein biogenesis factor. Whether NAC exerts chaperone activity and whether this function is restricted to de novo protein synthesis is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NAC directly exerts chaperone activity toward structurally diverse model substrates including polyglutamine (PolyQ) proteins, firefly luciferase, and Aβ40. Strikingly, we identified the positively charged ribosome-binding domain in the N terminus of the βNAC subunit (N-βNAC) as a major chaperone entity of NAC. N-βNAC by itself suppressed aggregation of PolyQ-expanded proteins in vitro, and the positive charge of this domain was critical for this activity. Moreover, we found that NAC also exerts a ribosome-independent chaperone function in vivo. Consistently, we found that a substantial fraction of NAC is non-ribosomal bound in higher eukaryotes. In sum, NAC is a potent suppressor of aggregation and proteotoxicity of mutant PolyQ-expanded proteins associated with human diseases like Huntington’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxias