Development of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Gas/ Chemical Sensors

The development of highly-sensitive and miniaturized sensors that capable of real-time analytes detection is highly desirable. Nowadays, toxic or colorless gas detection, air pollution monitoring, harmful chemical, pressure, strain, humidity, and temperature sensors based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are increasing rapidly due to its compact structure, fast response and efficient light controlling capabilities. The propagating light through the PCF can be controlled by varying the structural parameters and core-cladding materials, as a result, evanescent field can be enhanced significantly which is the main component of the PCF based gas/chemical sensors. The aim of this chapter is to (1) describe the principle operation of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors, (2) discuss the important PCF properties for optical sensors, (3) extensively discuss the different types of microstructured optical fiber based gas/ chemical sensors, (4) study the effects of different core-cladding shapes, and fiber background materials on sensing performance, and (5) highlight the main challenges of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors and possible solutions

Differential and integrodifferential equations for Gould-Hopper-Frobenius-Euler polynomials

The fundamental aim of this paper is to derive the recurrence relation, shift operators, differential, integrodifferential and partial differential equations for Gould-Hopper-Frobenius-Euler polynomials using factorization method, which may be utilised in solving some emerging problems in different branches of science and technology

A note on the new extended beta and gauss hypergeometric functions

A variety of extensions of the classical beta function and the Gauss hypergeometric function 2F1 have been presented and investigated. In this sequel, we aim to give a further extension of the extended beta function, which is used to extend the 2F1 and the confluent hypergeometric function 1F1. Then we investigate to present certain properties and formulas associated with these three extended functions. The results presented here, being very general, are pointed out to be specialized to yield numerous known and new representations and formulas