Evaluating Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Contextual and Semantic Domain Shifts

In this paper, our goal is to adapt a pre-trained convolutional neural network to domain shifts at test time. We do so continually with the incoming stream of test batches, without labels. The existing literature mostly operates on artificial shifts obtained via adversarial perturbations of a test image. Motivated by this, we evaluate the state of the art on two realistic and challenging sources of domain shifts, namely contextual and semantic shifts. Contextual shifts correspond to the environment types, for example, a model pre-trained on indoor context has to adapt to the outdoor context on CORe-50. Semantic shifts correspond to the capture types, for example a model pre-trained on natural images has to adapt to cliparts, sketches, and paintings on DomainNet. We include in our analysis recent techniques such as Prediction-Time Batch Normalization (BN), Test Entropy Minimization (TENT) and Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CoTTA). Our findings are three-fold: i) Test-time adaptation methods perform better and forget less on contextual shifts compared to semantic shifts, ii) TENT outperforms other methods on short-term adaptation, whereas CoTTA outpeforms other methods on long-term adaptation, iii) BN is most reliable and robust. Our code is available at https://github.com/tommiekerssies/Evaluating-Continual-Test-Time-Adaptation-for-Contextual-and-Semantic-Domain-Shifts

Lenses on English Literature and Teaching English – From the guest editors

This special issue “Lenses on English Literature and Teaching English” of Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature (formerly Lubelskie Materiały Neofilologiczne) brings together selected papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Language, Literature and Culture, held on May 1-4, 2016 in Burdur, Turkey. The conference was sponsored by Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in cooperation with Çankaya University and Süleyman Demirel University. The conference included a variety of presentations by participants from different countries and featured keynote addresses by Jarosław Krajka (Poland) and Beture Memmodova (Turkey). The conference was devoted to language, literature, and culture, with the main aim to provide a forum for discussion and to facilitate integration in these fields and to bring together researchers, scholars, and students from all areas of language, literature, culture, and other related disciplines from all around the world. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all the authors and the reviewers for their timely work and to our colleagues, Jolanta Knieja and Jarosław Krajka for their invaluable support and contribution

THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF FOOTBALL COACHES ON THE FOOTBALLERS' MOTIVATION FOR SUCCESS

The main purpose of our study is to determine the relationship between the level of communication between amateur football players and their coaches and their motivation for success, also to reveal whether variables such as education status, the time of working with the trainers and the time to exercise have an effect on their communication levels and motivation for success. In the scope of the research, 65 amateur football players selected among 10 amateur football clubs in the district of Esenyurt, Istanbul has been examined. As data collection tools in our study, Sports-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale (SSAMS) and Coach Communication Scale in Football (CCSF) were used. Also, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare variables while Pearson's correlation test was utilized to examine the relationship between variables. As a result of the examination, when the communication skills of the participants were evaluated according to age, a significant difference was found in the 14-16 age groups. Also, when the communication skills of the participants were evaluated according to their educational status, a significant difference was found at the high school level. In addition, when the success motivation sub-dimensions of football players are evaluated, a significant difference is observed in the 14-16 age groups in their motivation to show power and achieve success. When the participants' motivation to show power was evaluated according to their amount of time of spent on sports, it was found that there was a significant difference between 6-10 years, and when the motivation to achieve success was evaluated according to the duration of working with the same trainer, a significant difference was found in those who exercised for 3-5 years. While a weak positive correlation was found between the motivation to show power and the motivation to succeed (

WC/Co-Ti Kompozitlerinin ısıl ve elastik özelliklerinin ultrasonik dalga hızı ile ilişkisi

In this study,it is aimed to produce various composites and reveal their physical properties. Tungsten carbide (WC) powder and the two of cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti) powders as binder phase have been used for the preparation of WC-Co-Ti ceramic-metal composite with powder metallurgy. Two different ultrasonic non-destructive techniques were employed to measure the mechanical wave velocity in WCCo-Ti composites. The study was performed on various specimens with different WCx content at the range from 60 to 80% and Co/Ti content in 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 groups. The WCx content in examined materials was determined using the standard destructive analysis. The Young modulus (E) of the produced composites and the ultrasonic velocity measured through ultrasonic pulse-echo method and immersion method. Thermal conductivity of samples has been measured via hot disk method. The relation between the Young modulus' values with ultrasonic wave velocity, which is obtained through two different methods and thermal conductivity has been physically examined and the results have been compared with the literature

Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)’nın nimf ve erginlerine karşı Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) ve Lupinus albus L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) bitki ham özütlerinin laboratuvar koşulları altında toksik etkinliği

The planthopper, Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), is an important agricultural pest of grapevine, kiwifruit and tea in Asia and in some countries of Eastern Europe. The efficacy of the crude extracts of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) and Lupinus albus L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants was evaluated under laboratory conditions for control of O. japonica nymphs and adults collected in 2019 from Rize (Turkey). Their toxic efficacies were investigated by two different methods. Fixed-dose death rates were used for LT50 calculation and dosage test results were used for LC50 calculation. Also, the phenolic constituents of active plant extracts were examined using HPLC-DAD. Generally, the LT50 values obtained using ethyl acetate extracts were lower than those with methanol extracts. LT50 values of adults were found lower than in nymphs. The test plants crude extracts had high activity at and below 2 g/L (LC90) for two different plants. HPLC-DAD results showed that the high concentration of kaempferol and quercetin for each extract. Extracts of both plants gave promising results for use in O. japonica control, but more detailed studies on the active constituents of these candidate plants need to be undertaken

Hemoplazmozlu kedilerde bazı kan gaz, hemogram ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesi

The aim of this study was to evaluate some blood gases, hemogram, and biochemical parameters in cats with hemoplasmosis. Ten healthy and fifteen infected cats were enrolled in the study. 7 mL of blood sample was taken once from all cats into tubes with and without anticoagulant. Blood gases, complete blood count, and biochemical analyzes were performed from blood samples. While pH, HCO3 and BE levels of cats with hemoplasmosis were significantly lower than healthy cats, lactate levels were higher (p< 0.05). WBC, Mon, Gra, and RDW levels were found to be significantly higher than in healthy cats, while RBC, Hct, Hb, and PLT levels were found to be lower (p< 0.05). AST, T.Bil, D.Bil, P, TG, LDH, TP, and CK levels were significantly higher than healthy, while Alb and Ca levels and A:G ratio were found to be low (p< 0.05). As a result, it was determined that metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia, anemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia developed in cats with hemoplasmosis. In addition, it can be concluded that the A:G ratio should be considered in the diagnosis of infected cats and it should be evaluated together with other diagnostic test results.Sunulan çalışmanın amacı, hemoplazmozlu kedilerde bazı kan gazı, hemogram ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya on sağlıklı ve on beş hemoplazmozlu kedi dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm kedilerden antikoagülanlı ve antikoagülansız tüplere bir kez 7 mL kan alındı. Kan örneklerinden kan gazı, tam kan sayımı ve biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Hemoplazmozlu kedilerin pH, HCO3 ve BE düzeyleri sağlıklı kedilere göre anlamlı olarak düşük iken, laktat düzeyleri yüksekti (p< 0.05). WBC, Mon, Gra ve RDW seviyeleri sağlıklı kedilere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, RBC, Hct, Hb ve PLT seviyeleri düşük bulundu (p< 0.05). AST, T.Bil, D.Bil, P, TG, LDH, TP ve CK düzeyleri sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, Alb ve Ca düzeyleri ile A:G oranı düşük bulundu (p< 0.05). Sonuç olarak hemoplazmozlu kedilerde metabolik asidoz, hiperlaktatemi, anemi, hipertrigliseridemi, hipoalbuminemi, hiperbilirubinemi geliştiği tespit edildi. Ayrıca hemoplazmozlu kedilerin tanısında düşük A:G oranının dikkate alınması ve diğer tanısal test sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varıldı

Birikimli varyans hesaplamasında ultra yüksek frekanslı veri kullanımı: piyasa mikroyapısından kaynaklanan gürültü hakkında kanıt toplama yöntemleri.

In recent years, as a result of more readily available ultra high frequency data (UHFD), realized volatility (RV) measures became popular in the finance literature since in theory, sampling at İncreasingly higher frequency should lead to, in the limit, a consistent estimator of integrated return volatility (IV) for Ito-semimartingale asset prices. However, when observed prices are contaminated with an additive market microstructure noise (MMN), an asymptotic bias appears, and, therefore, it becomes necessary to mitigate the effect of MMN in estimation of IV. The success of the available methods in the literature to suppress the MMN effects must be considered only if the empirical evidence backs the assumptions underlying the methods developed for handling MMN. On this issue, we realize that empirical evidence on the MMN structure should be collected taking into account the dimensions of volatility estimation using high frequency data as these dimensions may impair the validity of the methods adopted to handle MMN in the first place. Accordingly, in this Thesis, first we provide a complete discussion of the dimensions of volatility estimation using UHFD. Next, we prove that the formal tests regarding the existence of MMN and the constant variance of MMN increments originally developed under calendar time sampling can also be used under transaction time sampling. Third, we propose a new approach to measure the liquidity of stocks in a high frequency setting. Finally, by using tick data from Borsa İstanbul National Equity Market for a period of 6 months, we show that (i) the data handling procedures as various combinations of cleaning and aggregation methods do not distort UHFD’s original traits, (ii) the return dynamics in transaction time are different from those in calendar time, (iii) the RV dynamics are affected by the sampling scheme and liquidity, (iv) the volatility signature plots point to the existence of MMN and suggest a positive relationship between the noise increment and the true price return, valid in all possible dimensions (sampling scheme, liquidity, data handling methods, and session-based or daily calculations), (v) the MMN exhibits statistically significant existence under both CTS and TTS for all stocks, however, the liquidity and the data handling methods matter under TTS in terms of rejection rates of the null hypothesis that the MMN statistically does not exist, (vi) the formal tests on the existence of MMN offer positive correlation between the noise and the efficient price, (vii) the liquidity and the sampling schemes are very influential on the rejection of the null hypothesis that the MMN increments have constant variance independent of the sampling frequency, in particular, under CTS, (assuming an i.i.d MMN with constant variance is proper for frequencies lower than 1 minute but under TTS, this assumption fails especially for liquid stocks), (viii) data handling has suppressive effects under TTS on the rejection percentages regarding the null hypothesis that the MMN increments have constant variance independent of sampling frequency. Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra