Spatially separated polar samples of the cis and trans conformers of 3-fluorophenol

We demonstrate the spatial separation of the cis- and trans-conformers of 3-fluorophenol in the gas phase based on their distinct electric dipole moments. For both conformers we create very polar samples of their lowest-energy rotational quantum states. A >95 % pure beam of trans-3-fluorophenol and a >90 % pure beam of the lowest-energy rotational states of the less polar cis-3-fluorophenol were obtained for helium and neon supersonic expansions, respectively. This is the first demonstration of the spatial separation of the lowest-energy rotational states of the least polar conformer, which is necessary for strong alignment and orientation of all individual conformers.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Noch einmal Liebe : Kitsch als Wiederholungslektüre

Innerhalb der Reihe "GrenzBereiche des Lesens" gehaltener Vortrag. "GrenzBereiche des Lesens" ist eine kulturwissenschaftliche Vortragsreihe, die 2003 und 2004 an der Universität Frankfurt stattfand. Thomas Küpper nimmt in seinem Beitrag das Kriterium der Wiederholungslektüre, das als Qualitäts- und Differenzmerkmal ästhetisch anspruchsvoller Literatur gilt, zum Anlass, die Grenzziehung zwischen Kitsch und Kunst genauer zu überdenken. Nicht die Wiederholungslektüre an sich macht bereits den Unterschied, vielmehr muss eine Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Formen der Wiederholungslektüre getroffen werden. In systemtheoretischer Perspektive lässt sich eine solche typologische Differenzierung anhand des je spezifischen Verhältnisses von Medium, d.h. hier: der Gattungen, und der Form, d.h. der Texte, präzise vornehmen. Trivialliteratur unterscheidet sich dann von der Kunst, insofern ihre Medien der eigentlichen Formrealisierung nur wenig Spielraum lassen: Nicht die Abweichung, sondern die Bestätigung der gegebenen Schemata wird honoriert. Auch der Kitsch bietet Variationen des Bekannten, doch – und hier nähert er sich der Kunst an – die vertrauten und wiederholten Muster werden als einmalige und besondere Formen von bleibendem Wert inszeniert. Am Beispiel des Kultfilms "Pretty Woman" spielt Thomas Küpper diese unterschiedlichen Lektüren durch und zeigt an diesem vermeintlich eindeutig trivialen Fall, dass sich die Faszination des Films den vielen Wiederholungen verdankt

Measurements of emissions for lpg combustion within a porous cylindrical burners

CO and NO[x] emission characteristics of a hollow cylindrical radiation burner operated in the external and internal combustion modes and premixed LPG+air mixtures are experimentally studies. The influence of the pore structure, equivalence ratio, firing rate and burner design are considered

Количественный подход к анализу деятельности вуза и его подразделений

В работе обосновывается возможность, необходимость и правомерность количественного подхода к анализу деятельности вуза. Показана целесообразность использования для этих целей концентраций теории полезности, в частности аддитивных функций полезности. Сформулированы основные требования, которые необходимо учитывать при конструировании системы количественных показателей

Infection of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus by the oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii induces oxidative stress and halogen metabolism

Acknowledgments We would like to thank the Aberdeen Proteome Facility, especially Phil Cash, David Stead and Evelyn Argo for assistance with 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. M.S. gratefully acknowledges a Marie Curie PhD fellowship from the European Commission (ECOSUMMER, MEST-CT-2005-20501), a joint FEMS/ESCMID Research Fellowship and the Genomia Fund. C.M.M.G. is supported by a Marie Curie postdoctoral fellowship (MEIF-CT-2006-022837), a Marie Curie Re-Integration Grant (PERG03-GA-2008-230865) and a New Investigator grant from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, grant NE/J00460X/1). F.C.K. would like to thank NERC for funding (grants NE/D521522/1, NE/F012705/1 and Oceans 2025 / WP 4.5). L.J.G.-B., C.M.M.G., F.C.K. and P.W. would like to acknowledge funding from NERC for a Strategic Ocean Funding Initiative award (NE/F012578/1). Funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland, funded by the Scottish Funding Council and contributing institutions; grant reference HR09011) and from the TOTAL Foundation (Paris) to F.C.K. is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous referees for constructive suggestions to improve our manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Плазмодинамический синтез ультрадисперсных фаз системы Ti-B

Objective: The study evaluates exposure to the cold of personnel involved in helicopter rescue operations in an alpine environment. Methods: Rescue operations over a period of 15 months in the Oberwallis region (Switzerland) were analysed with special regard to the weather conditions, the locality and its altitude, and the duration. The equivalent chill temperature was estimated with two independent models. 'Mean exposure' as well as the 'worst-case situation' (based on maximum windspeed) were calculated. The results were evaluated according to the 'classic' Siple-Passel model, the more recent model of Danielsson, ISO 11079, ISO 9920, the German industrial standard DIN 33403.5, and the German government regulations for work in cold environments ('G21'). Results: The temperature models showed only marginal differences in chill temperature. Assuming 'worst-case conditions', the Siple-Passel model showed that 87.1 % of the operations occurred at chill temperatures >-30degreesC, 12.1% in the range of -30 to -45degreesC, and 0.8% at 5% risk, 6% with >50% risk and 1.8% with >95% risk. According to DIN 33403.5, 1.5% of the operations were performed at chill temperatures higher than cold class 1: 2.3% are class 1, 13.3% class 2, 34.7% class 3, 34.6% class 4 and 13.7% class 5. The maximum exposure times of DIN 33404.5 are exceeded in at least 0.5% of the missions. According to ISO 11079, clothing with 2.0 clo is sufficient in 40.2 and 23.9% of the operations [summer, required clothing insulation (IREQ) min. and IREQ neutr., respectively]. In winter the corresponding results are 0.3 and 0.0%. Duration of limited exposure is exceeded in 9.1 (IREQ min.) and 19.8% (IREQ neutr.) of the operations in summer and in 10.3 and 19.8% in winter. According to ISO 9920, ICL min. as well as ICL neutr. is exceeded in 100% in summer and winter operations. Conclusions: Alpine rescue operations are typical of a place of work in a cold-sometimes extremely cold-environment. Because of the limited time of exposure during the majority of the operations, the most important danger for rescue personnel is frostbite, although hypothermia cannot be excluded in cases of prolonged operations. Special advice to avoid the specific risks must be given to the crews and an examination by occupational medicine, e.g. according to 'Working in cold environments, G21' of the German Berufsgenossenschaften, is recommended. Recommendations for adequate clothing are given

Knife edge skimming for improved separation of molecular species by the deflector

A knife edge for shaping a molecular beam is described to improve the spatial separation of the species in a molecular beam by the electrostatic deflector. The spatial separation of different molecular species from each other as well as from atomic seed gas is improved. The column density of the selected molecular-beam part in the interaction zone, which corresponds to higher signal rates, was enhanced by a factor of 1.5, limited by the virtual source size of the molecular beam.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure