On the acquisition of the german plural markings

In the following, we will discuss the acquisition of plural forms in German from the unified perspective of the two, in our opinion compatible, approaches, on the basis of a longitudinal data sample of eight children. There are at least six recordings of each child, all of whom are girls. Together, the data cover the acquisition period from 1;11 to 2;10. One may thus anticipate that the data sample under investigation reflects the transition from purely lexical memorization to the acquisition of regularities or patterns

Die sogenannte i-Derivation in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache : Ein Fall für output-orientierte Wortbildung

This paper deals with the currently very productive process of i-formation in German. It is argued that in forming i-derived words speakers try to instantiate as closely as possible a specific schema with attributes such as the following: trochaic word structure with the unstressed final segment i, masculine gender assignment, human, and hypocoristic/pejorative meaning. The prototypical instances are defined by a maximal number of attributes. Consequently, a distinction has to be made between central and peripheral members of this formation type

On moral impact and legal practice

Some recent debates in general jurisprudence concern so-called 'moral impact ' theories of law, chiefly in the version proposed by Mark Greenberg. Greenberg provocatively portrays law as the moral impact of institutional action. He presents his 'moral impact' formula as the 'legally correct' way to figure out the law's content on the part of practitioners. His proposal has attracted some fine scholarship denouncing ambiguities within the account, and inconsistencies between the account and legal practice. Bill Watson takes these concerns a valuable step further. He argues that Greenberg's theory distorts not only what practitioners count as law, but also how they reason to that effect

A cognitive approach to obligatory control phenomena in English and German

The aim of the paper is to develop a uniform semantic-pragmatic theory of Controller choice for a numbei of German and English subject control verbs like promise/versprechen and object contiol verbs like request/bitten, recommend/empfehlen, force/zwingen, etc., which prototypically require a complement clause denoting an action performed by a human agent, who is left unexpiessed in the Infinitive clause (PRO). We propose the concept of Semanticpragmatic role* to account for a number of control phenomena which have hitherto been treated äs exceptions. We show that Controller choice and control switch heavily depend on two semanticpragmatic factors, i.e. 'degree of agentivity of PRO9 and 'role identity of a matrix N P and PRO9. Furthermore, at least in English, 'iconicity', i.e. the reflection of referential identity in formal closeness, plays an Import an t role. Our analysis is based on two experiments conducted with 35 native Speakers of German and 28 native Speakers of American English

Zur Identifikation leerer Subjekte in infinitivischen Komplementsätzen – ein semantisch-pragmatisches Modell

The interpretation of empty elements, i.e. signs that have no phonetic realization, constitutes a "classical" problem in modern linguistics. Null elements have been postulated on various levels of the linguistic system and its pragmatic use, in particular, in morphology and syntax. An adequate theory of discourse comprehension also requires an account of what is not said but only conversationally implicated. In the last thirty years the interpretation of empty subjects in non-finite clauses, which is known as the "control problem", has attracted the attention of many formal syntacticians. It has however become increasingly clear that the interpretation of such empty elements is only minimally guided by syntactic principles; in addition, a number of semantic and pragmatic factors have to be taken into consideration. The aim of our contribution is to sketch a cognitively based theory of "obligatory" control that explains how general control principles interact with language-specific coding devices. We focus on German data; we surmise, however, that they also hold for other languages. In particular, we aim at elucidating the interplay of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information in the comprehension of empty subjects in non-finite complement clauses. Using German and, to a lesser extent, English examples, we will demonstrate that the control principles we postulate account for numerous control verbs and control verb classes

Эффективность применения препарата "Диаскинтест" в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике туберкулеза легких

ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ ЛЕГКИХ /ДИАГНДИАГНОСТИКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯИННОВАЦИЙ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕДИАСКИНТЕС

The acquisition of plural marking in English and German revisited: Schemata versus rules

[No abstract available