Геология и проект поисковых работ на каменный уголь в пределах Айнахкургенской площади (Чукотский автономный округ)

Проект поисковых работ на каменный уголь в границах участка Айнахкургенская площадь (Чукотский автономный округ). В работе приводится геологическая характеристика площади работ; описываются методика, объемы и условия проведения поисковых работ; проводится технико-экономическое обоснование и расчет сметной стоимости проектируемых работ; рассматриваются вопросы производственной и экологической безопасности при проведении поисковых работ на каменный уголь на участке Айнахкургенская площадь.The project of search works for coal in the site Ainahkurgen area (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug). The paper presents the geological characteristic of the area; describes the methodology, amount and conditions of carrying out of search works; conducted a feasibility study and calculation of the estimated cost of the projected work; discusses issues of industrial and ecological safety at carrying out of search for coal on the site Ainahkurgen area

Медная металлизация подложек для микроэлектроники с помощью магнетронной распылительной системы с жидкофазной мишенью

Цель работы – разработка технологии медной металлизации подложек для микроэлектроники с помощью МРС с жидкофазной мишенью. В процессе исследования были получены медные тонкопленочные покрытия, исследована их морфология, адгезия, электрическое сопротивление, структура. В результате работы была дана оценка влияния материала тигля на электрические и механические характеристики, а также структуру покрытий. Показано, что режим напыления оказывает влияние на свойства пленок. Выявлено, что использование МРС с жидкофазной мишенью более эффективно, чем МРС с твердой мишенью. Область применения: полученные результаты могут быть использованы для создания технологии металлизации интегральных микросхем.The aim of the work is the development of a copper metallization technology for microelectronics substrates using a liquid-phase MPC target. Copper thin-film coatings were obtained. We studied their morphology, adhesion, electrical resistance of the structure. As a result of the influence was assessed of the crucible material in electrical and mechanical characteristics and coating structure. It is shown that the deposition regime influences the properties of the films. It was found that the use of MRS with liquid-phase targeted more effectively than the MRS with a solid target. Scope: The obtained results can be used to create integrated circuit metallization techniques

Beckmann's family contribution to the development of European motor transport at the beginning of XX century

The formation of the automotive industry in Europe in the early twentieth century was considered. The data about car development in Great Britain, France and Germany is given. It was shown how the automobile racing influenced on the development of cars, in particular the transition from cars creation with a steam engine to cars creation with an internal combustion engine. More and more people became interested in this type of transportation. It was shown that at that time in Europe there were many workshops where cars were developed by scientists-innovators. Among such pioneers of the car industry is to Beckman's family. The activity of this family starting from Paul Beckman to his son Otto Jr. and even his daughter Ilse is presented. To date, it is extremely limited information about Beckmann's family contribution to the automotive industry in Europe. It was Paul Beckmann who started constructing cars in Wroclaw. At the factory which was founded by his father the production of both as small cars and as trucks and even sports was organized. It is noted that before the beginning of the World War I the most efficient cars developed a speed of up to 95 km/h. Beckmann's family cars became prize-winners of the international competitions of that time. It is stated that Paul Beckman can be considered the initiator of a safety belt. His cars were equipped with special leather straps. It should be noted that the company successfully developed and had a dealer network in Germany, Poland and Russia. During the interwar period, the company collapsed and was bought by a larger brand. However, Otto Jr., son of Paul Beckman, continued to take care of a family business. Today there is only one car with the mark of the Wroclaw car factory.Розглянуто становлення автомобільної галузі в Європі на початку ХХ ст. Наведено данні з розробки авто у Великій Британії, Франції, Німеччини. Показано як автомобільні перегони впливали на розвиток автомобілів, зокрема відбувся перехід від автомобілів з паровим двигуном до автомобілів з двигуном внутрішнього згорання. Все більше ставало людей, зацікавлених у такому виді транспорту. Показано, що в цей час в Європі існувало чимало майстерень, де автомобілі розробляли учені-новатори. Серед таких піонерів автомобілебудування є родина Бекманнів. Описана діяльність родини, починаючи від Поля Бекманна до його сина Отто молодшого і навіть його доньки Ільзе. На сьогодні вкрай обмежена інформація про внесок родини Бекманнів у розвиток автомобільної галузі в Європі. Саме Поль Бекманн розпочав конструювання автомобілів у Вроцлаві. На заснованій його батьком фабриці був налагоджений випуск як малих автомобілів так і вантажних та, навіть, спортивних. Зазначається, що найбільш ефективні автомобілі до початку першої світової війни розвивали швидкість до 95 км/год. Автомобілі виробництва родини Бекманнів ставали призерами тодішніх міжнародних змагань. Самого Поля Бекманна можна вважати ініціатором ременя безпеки. Його автомобілі були обладнані спеціальними шкіряними ремінцями. Треба зазначити, що компанія успішно розвивалася та мала дилерську мережу у Німеччині, Польщі та Росії. У міжвоєнний період компанія занепала і була викуплена більш великим брендом. Проте родинною справою продовжив опікуватися Отто молодший, син Поля Бекманна. На сьогодні залишився лише один автомобіль з позначкою Вроцлавського автозаводу

Tenability in stairwell of highrise office buildings.

The commonly adopted fire evacuation strategy for office buildings is total evacuation which involves simultaneous evacuation of all building occupants upon fire alarm activation. Total evacuation for building with high occupancy load will cause congestion within stairwell which often results in long queuing time at the stairwell door. Long queuing time on the fire floor causes the stairwell door to remain open for extensive period, and the smoke from the fire floor will enter the stairwell resulting in untenable conditions within the stairwell. This can have devastating effects on egressing occupants. This research utilises the state-of-the-art modelling tools such as FDS and FDS+Evac to study high-rise office building with two means of escape. The aim was to demonstrate that for certain building parameters, phased evacuation should be adopted instead of total evacuation to ensure an acceptable tenability level within the stairwells which permits safe evacuation of the occupants. A total of 48 unique simulations were identified based on varying building parameters such as floor area, building height, fire protection system, evacuation strategy and ceiling height. Relevant New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) Compliance Documents such as C/AS5, C/VM2 and D1/AS1 were used as guidelines to define the various modelling parameters such as fire growth and combustion characteristics, fire safety systems, modelling rules, evacuation parameters and geometries to ensure the modelled building achieves the minimum NZBC requirements. The use of FDS+Evac for simulating evacuation timings without the effect of smoke was validated to some extent against hydraulic models and relevant trial evacuation experiments found in the literature. The results demonstrate that for high-rise office buildings up to 20 storeys with floor area not exceeding 510 m² served by either conventional or scissor stairwell, the tenability within the stairwell can be maintained during total evacuation by having at least a Type 6 automatic fire sprinkler system. For high-rise office buildings between 10 to 20 storeys with floor area of 5000 m² or 2450 m² served by either conventional or scissor stairwell, those buildings are required be protected by Type 7 automatic fire sprinkler system with smoke detection and phased evacuation are also required to maintain tenability within the stairwell. The effect of stair arrangement on the tenability in the stairwell is more evident in highrise office buildings with high occupancy load where scissor stairwell is found to be worse than conventional stairwell. This is due to the nature of scissor stair arrangement which forces smoke to flow up the stairwell in a corkscrew manner, concentrating smoke along a specific path. This phenomenon is found to be detrimental to the tenability conditions in the stairwell

Компенсация реактивной мощности на ЖБК-100

Объектом исследования является завод крупнопанельного домостроения, площадка №2, расположенная в Томской области, город Томск. Данная работа направлена на улучшение показателей качества электрической энергии и сокращение эксплуатационных затрат за счет компенсации реактивной мощности. В работе предлагаются возможные решения по уменьшению потребления реактивной мощности, экономии денежных средств за счет компенсации реактивных нагрузок, либо применения повышающих коэффициентов к тарифам на транзит электрической энергии по сетям электроснабжающей организации. Экономическая эффективность работы: данная работа посвящена вопросу нахождения оптимального решения компенсации реактивной мощности на предприятии.The object of the study is a plant for large-panel housing construction, site number 2, located in the Tomsk region, the city of Tomsk. The given work is directed on improvement of indicators of quality of electric energy and reduction of operational costs due to compensation of reactive power. The paper suggests possible solutions to reduce the consumption of reactive power, save money by compensating for reactive loads, or the use of raising coefficients to tariffs for the transit of electricity through the networks of the power supply organization. Economic efficiency of work: this work is devoted to the problem of finding the optimal solution of reactive power compensation in the enterprise

Применение дозиметрического контроля на объектах ядерной энергетики

В данном исследовании рассмотрены основные виды дозиметров и принципы их работы. Выявлены различия профессиональных и индивидуальных дозиметров. Произведен анализ рынка дозиметров. Показано, что дозиметры с большим диапазоном измерения дозы гаммаизлучения получили наибольшее применение. This study describes the main types and main work principles of dosimeters. The differences of professional and personal dosimeters are shown. The market analysis of produced dosimeters is considered. It is shown that the dosimeters with a large range of measuring gamma radiation dose received the greatest application

Silver Complexes of Azobenzene and Derivatives

Thirty four silver(I) complexes of azobenzene and derivatives have been synthesised, only two of which have been previously published. The azobenzene derivatives used are 2-bromo, 3-bromo, 4-bromo, 3,4’-dibromo, 2,4’-dibromo, 3-nitro, 4-dimethylamino, 4-methoxy, 2,6-dimethyl-4’-chloro, 2,6,2’,6’-tetramethyl and 2,2’-ethyleneazobenzene. 2,2’- and 4,4’-azobispyridine were also used along with diphenyltriazine. Six different silver(I) salts were used to make the complexes; they are tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate, nitrate, triflate and trifluoroacetate. All of the complexes were analysed using X-ray crystallography. In the complexes with azobenzene the anion was the most crucial factor in determining the resulting structure, as five different molecular topologies were seen with each change of anion. The 2-bromoazobenzene containing complexes continue this trend giving similar topologies to the azobenzene containing complexes. Once we come to the 3-bromo and 4-bromoazobenzene, we get a different molecular topology for the hexafluorophosphate containing complexes when compared to the original azobenzene containing complex, but we see a very similar structure for the perchlorate containing complexes. This would suggest that the coordinating anions give more predictable structures than the non-coordinating anions. The trend continues with both the 3,4’-dibromo and 2,4’-dibromoazobenzene complexes with triflate being structurally similar to the previous triflate containing complexes. The trend is reinforced further with 3-nitro and 4-methoxyazobenzene showing similar structures to the previously discussed complexes. The complex containing 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene can be disregarded, as the ligand has become protonated and therefore is unlike all the previously described results. When we come to the sterically hindered ligands 2,6-dimethyl-4’-chloroazobenzene the first three complexes show the same molecular topology of a silver atom bound to two ligands with a coordinating anion, however once we come to a tridentate coordinating anion triflate a 1-D metallopolymer is observed. This breaks the trend, as the structures are similar regardless of the change in anion. A similar effect is seen in 2,6,2’,6’-tetramethylazobenzene with both structures standing alone as no complexes with a similar molecular topology were observed. This effect is again noted in the complexes containing 2,2’-ethyleneazobenzene. The complexes all form a similar structure regardless of the anion used. As expected the 2,2’- and 4,4’-azobispyridine along with diphenyltriazine do not follow the trend observed earlier with the non-sterically hindered ligands as they can coordinate through additional nitrogen atoms in the aromatic ring or in the case of diphenyltriazine an additional nitrogen atom in the triazine group