Dynamical Schwinger process in a bifrequent electric field of finite duration: survey on amplification

The electron-positron pair production due to the dynamical Schwinger process in a slowly oscillating strong electric field is enhanced by the superposition of a rapidly oscillating weaker electric field. A systematic account of the enhancement by the resulting bifrequent field is provided for the residual phase space distribution. The enhancement is explained by a severe reduction of the suppression in both the tunneling and multiphoton regimes

Rothirschprojekt Aletsch-Goms : Abschlussbericht zum Forschungs- und Managementprojekt 2017–2021

Ab etwa Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts kommt der Rothirsch im Wallis in nennenswerten Beständen vor. Trotz intensiver Bejagung nehmen die Bestände seither stetig zu und führen teilweise zu Konflikten, insbesondere im Wald und in der Region Aletsch-Goms. Über die Raumnutzung und das Wanderverhalten der Rothirsche in dieser Region lagen bislang einige Einschätzungen und Vermutungen, jedoch kaum gesicherte Fakten vor. Mit dem im Jahr 2017 initiierten Rothirschprojekt Aletsch-Goms wurden bedeutende Wissenslücken für einen fachlich fundierten Umgang mit dieser anspruchsvollen Wildtierart nun geschlossen

Size Doesn't Matter: Towards a More Inclusive Philosophy of Biology

notes: As the primary author, O’Malley drafted the paper, and gathered and analysed data (scientific papers and talks). Conceptual analysis was conducted by both authors.publication-status: Publishedtypes: ArticlePhilosophers of biology, along with everyone else, generally perceive life to fall into two broad categories, the microbes and macrobes, and then pay most of their attention to the latter. ‘Macrobe’ is the word we propose for larger life forms, and we use it as part of an argument for microbial equality. We suggest that taking more notice of microbes – the dominant life form on the planet, both now and throughout evolutionary history – will transform some of the philosophy of biology’s standard ideas on ontology, evolution, taxonomy and biodiversity. We set out a number of recent developments in microbiology – including biofilm formation, chemotaxis, quorum sensing and gene transfer – that highlight microbial capacities for cooperation and communication and break down conventional thinking that microbes are solely or primarily single-celled organisms. These insights also bring new perspectives to the levels of selection debate, as well as to discussions of the evolution and nature of multicellularity, and to neo-Darwinian understandings of evolutionary mechanisms. We show how these revisions lead to further complications for microbial classification and the philosophies of systematics and biodiversity. Incorporating microbial insights into the philosophy of biology will challenge many of its assumptions, but also give greater scope and depth to its investigations

Author correction : roadmap for naming uncultivated archaea and bacteria

Correction to: Nature Microbiology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0733-x , published online 8 June 2020. In the version of this Consensus Statement originally published, Pablo Yarza was mistakenly not included in the author list. Also, in Supplementary Table 1, Alexander Jaffe was missing from the list of endorsees. These errors have now been corrected and the updated Supplementary Table 1 is available online

Rothirschprojekt Aletsch-Goms : wichtige Grundlagen für das Wildtiermanagement

Seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts kommt der Rothirsch im Wallis wieder in nennenswerten Beständen vor. Trotz teilweise intensiver Bejagung stiegen die Bestände bis um die Jahrtausendwende in vielen Regionen des Kantons stark an und verursachten mancherorts erhebliche Konflikte. Besonders gravierende Probleme zeigten sich im Hinblick auf die Schutzwälder in der Region Aletsch-Goms. Über die Raumnutzung und das Wanderverhalten der Rothirsche in dieser Region lagen bislang jedoch kaum gesicherte Fakten vor. Das zwischen 2017 und 2022 durchgeführte Rothirschprojekt Aletsch-Goms hatte deshalb zum Ziel, die bedeutenden Grundlagen für ein fachlich fundiertes Rothirschmanagement zu erarbeiten. Ein weiterführendes Fotofallenmonitoring soll noch bis 2024 zusätzliche Langzeitdaten über die dortigen Wildhuftierbestände liefern

Microwave remote sensing of water vapor in the atmosphere

Abstract. Water vapor in the atmosphere plays a crucial role in climate and in atmospheric processes. Due to its long chemical lifetime it can be used as a tracer for investigations of dynamical processes in the middle atmosphere. Microwave radiometry is one of the few remote sensing methods which is capable of inferring Information on the water vapor content of the troposphere to the mesosphere, however with a different altitude resolution. Different microwave radiometers that can be operated from the ground and from an airborne platform have been built at the Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne. The paper presents the method of microwave remote sensing and gives an overview of recently achieved results with regard to water vapor distribution as a function of altitude and Iatitude. First results of an imaging radiometer for the two dimensional distribution of liquid water is presented. </jats:p

Spinal muscular atrophy: SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing corrected by a U7 snRNA derivative carrying a splicing enhancer sequence

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a lethal hereditary disease caused by homozygous deletion/inactivation of the survival of motoneuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The nearby SMN2 gene, despite its identical coding capacity, is only an incomplete substitute, because a single nucleotide difference impairs the inclusion of its seventh exon in the messenger RNA (mRNA). This splicing defect can be corrected (transiently) by specially designed oligonucleotides. Here we have developed a more permanent correction strategy based on bifunctional U7 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These carry both an antisense sequence that allows specific binding to exon 7 and a splicing enhancer sequence that will improve the recognition of the targeted exon. When expression cassettes for these RNAs are stably introduced into cells, the U7 snRNAs become incorporated into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles that will induce a durable splicing correction. We have optimized this strategy to the point that virtually all SMN2 pre-mRNA becomes correctly spliced. In fibroblasts from an SMA patient, this approach induces a prolonged restoration of SMN protein and ensures its correct localization to discrete nuclear foci (gems)

Data publication: Precise measurement of gas parameters in a realistic RPC configuration: the currently used R134a gas and a potential alternative eco-gas

Theses data are taken during the measurement and folded to support the research in the related publication