İklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede yerel yönetimlerin rolü ve yeşil yeni düzen

İklim değişikliğinin etkilerini tüm dünya yaşayanları olarak hissederken, henüz ülkelerin ortak bir zeminde buluşup net bir eyleme geçemediğine şahit olmaktayız. Bu tezin konusu, yerel yönetimlerin iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeledeki etkinliği ve önemi ile Yeşil Yeni Düzen kavramıdır. Yapılan literatür taramasında yerel yönetimlerin, geçmişten günümüze, belirtilen süreçte etkin kullanılmasının majör bir etkisi olup olamayacağının Yeşil Yeni Düzen kapsamında araştırılmasına rastlanmamıştır. Önümüzdeki günlerde çokça konuşulacak hatta Amerika’dan Güney Kore’ye kadar uygulanmaya geçilmesi hedeflenen Yeşil Yeni Düzen’in böyle bir çalışmada yer alması, literatürde önemli bir boşluğu dolduracaktır. Yeşil Yeni Düzen ve Yerel Y önetimlerin İklim Değişikliğindeki rolü ile ilgili Türkiye’de sınırlı sayıda araştırma ve kaynak bulunmaktadır, bu açıdan özgündür. Bu çalışma ile Yeşil Yeni Düzen’in yerel düzeyde olası etkilerinin akademik bir çalışma ile önceden ortaya koyulmuş olmasının yol gösterici olacağı ve literatüre katkısı olacağı öngörülmektedir.Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, yerel yönetimlerin iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeledeki önemini ortaya koymak; yerel uygulamaların ulus ötesi iklim değişikliği politikalarına kıyasla etkilerini ve Yeşil Yeni Düzen’deki yerini sunmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında iklim değişikliğinin nedenleri, dünyada yarattığı sonuçlar ile bu sonuçlara yönelik geçmişten günümüze sunulan çözüm politikalarının irdelenmesi; bu politikaların eksiklerinin ortaya konulması, sunulan çözüm yollarının yerel düzeydeki kapsama alanlarının incelenmesi ve son olarak da Yeşil Yeni Düzen’in araştırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu çalışmada sosyal bilimlerde en çok tercih edilen nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden döküman analizi ile veri toplama yöntemi kullanıldığı için saha araştırmasına gerek duyulmamıştır. Dökümanların analizinde eleştirel bakış açısı benimsenmiş, tümdengelim yöntemi ile açıklayıcı bir çalışmanın ortaya çıkması hedeflenmiştir.While we are feeling the effects of climate change as residents of the whole world, we are witnessing that countries have not yet been able to meet on common ground and take explicit action. The subject of this thesis is the effectiveness and importance of local governments in combating climate change and the concept of the Green New Deal. In the literature review, it has not been found to investigate whether the effective use of local governments from the past to the present can have a significant effect within the scope of the Green New Deal. The inclusion of the Green New Deal, which will be talked about a lot in the coming days and which is aimed to be implemented from America to South Korea, in such a study will fill an important gap in the literature. There is limited research and resources in Turkey regarding the Green New Deal and the role of Local Governments in Climate Change, which is unique in this respect. With this study, it is predicted that the possible effects of the Green New Deal at the local level will be revealed in academic research beforehand and will contribute to the literature.The aim of this thesis is to reveal the importance of local governments in combating climate change; to present the effects of local practices compared to transnational climate change policies and their place in the Green New Deal. Within the scope of the study, the causes of climate change, the results it has created in the world and the solution policies offered from the past to the present; It is aimed to reveal the deficiencies of these policies, to examine the coverage areas of the proposed solutions at the local level, and finally to investigate the Green New Deal. In this study, there was no need for field research since document analysis and data collection methods, which are among the most preferred qualitative research methods in social sciences, were used. A critical point of view was adopted in the analysis of the documents, and it was aimed to reveal an explanatory study with the deductive method

Endokannabinoidler ve Reseptörlerinin İnsan Hematopoetik Kök Hücreleri ve Kemik İliği Kaynaklı Mezenkimal Kök Hücrelerindeki Varlığı ve Düzeyinin Araştırılması

Köse, S. The Effects of Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors on Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal and Hematopetic Stem Cells. Hacettepe University Institude of Health Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis in Stem Cell Science, Ankara, 2017. Lipid-structured endocanabinoids are endogenous morphine ligands and present widespread receptor-mediated effects at physiological and pathological levels on the central and peripheral nervous system as well as many other systems. These effects are partially realized through mechanisms affecting cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and migration at the molecular level. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, osteoblasts and widespread presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The endocannabinoid system also takes part in mobilization of the HSCs through cytokines. Although it is known that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in cytokine-mediated hematopoietic stem cell migration, the effects of these mediators on Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) stimulated and unstimulated human bone marrow derived HSC mobilization have never been compared and their relationship with the sympathetic nervous system is currently unknown. During clinical G-CSF mobilization, endocannabinoids and the sympathetic nervous system may be working together. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the receptor mediated effects (proliferation, maturation and migration) of endocannabinoids (AEA, 2AG) on HSCs through MSCs associated beta adrenergic stimulation in GCSF treated or untreated bone marrow samples. The second aim of thesis is determined, applying the cannabinoid agonist/antagonists and/or beta adrenergic receptor agonist/antagonists which is effective on bone marrow microenvironment, arranged whether a dose-dependent interaction between the human HSCs and MSCs. With these purposes results from this study will provide fundamental data for treatment protocols using HSCs and MSCs, which are used in the clinics with the purpose to treat wound healing and immune suppression in various diseases, in concert with endocannabinoids and related metabolic diseases.Köse, S. Endokannabinoidler ve Reseptörlerinin İnsan Hematopoetik Kök Hücreleri ve Kemik İliği Kaynaklı Mezenkimal Kök Hücrelerindeki Varlığı ve Düzeyinin Araştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kök Hücre Bilimleri Programı Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2017. Endojen esrar ligandları olan yağ yapılı endokannabinoidlerin vücutta santral ve periferik sinir sistemine ek olarak pek çok diğer sistemde fizyolojik ve patolojik düzeyde reseptör aracılı yaygın etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu etkilerin bir kısmı moleküler düzeyde hücrelerin çoğalma, farklılaşma, apoptoz ve mobilizasyon mekanizmaları üzerinden gerçekleşmektedir. Kemik iliği mikroçevresi hematopoetik kök hücre (HKH), fibroblast, adiposit, endotel hücresi, osteoblast ve yaygın olarak bulunan mezenkimal kök hücrelerden (MKH) oluşmaktadır. Endokannabinoid sisteminin sitokin aracılı HKH mobilizasyonunda rol aldığı bilinmekte, ancak bu medyatörlerin granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) uygulanmış ve uygulanmamış insan kemik iliği örneklerindeki HKH mobilizasyonuna karşılaştırmalı etkisi ve bu etkinin sempatik sinir uyarımı ile ilişkisi bilinmemektedir. Önerilen tezin amacı; endokannabinoidlerden AEA ve 2AG’nin GCSF uygulanmış ve uygulanmamış kemik iliği mikroçevresindeki MKH’ler aracılığıyla HKH’ler üzerindeki reseptör aracılı mobilizasyon etkilerini beta adrenerjik uyarımla ilişkili olarak, karşılaştırmalı biçimde araştırmaktadır. İkincil amacımız; mikroçevre koşullarında etkili olduğu belirlenen kannabinoid reseptör agonist/antagonistleri ve/veya beta adrenerjik reseptör agonist/antagonistleri uygulanarak, insan HKH ile MKH arasındaki etkileşimin doz bağımlı olarak düzenlenip düzenlenemeyeceğinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilecek sonuçlar ile klinikte yara iyileşmesi ve çeşitli hastalıklarda immun sistemi baskılama ve yara iyileşmesi amacıyla klinikteki yerini alan, HKH ve MKH’ler ile endokannabinoidlerin beraber kullanımı ile ilgili olası metabolik hastalıkların tedavi protokolleri için asal bir veri oluşturacaktır

The perceptions of secondary school teachers on the correlations between organizational deviation and strategic leadership: Sample of Izmir

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel sapma davranışlarına ilişkin algılarını belirlemek, bu kavram ile yöneticilerin stratejik liderlik becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit ederek bu doğrultuda uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırma, 2012-2013 öğretim yılında İzmir İli sınırları içinde yer alan 26 Ortaokulda görev yapmakta olan 481 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için Okullarda Örgütsel Sapma ve Öğretmenlerin, Okul Müdürlerinin Stratejik Liderlik Uygulamalarına İlişkin Görüşleri isimli iki anket kullanılmıştır. Veri analizlerinde frekans, yüzde (%), aritmetik ortalama (x), standart sapma (Ss), t-Testi, Anova ve okullardaki örgütsel sapma ile okul yöneticilerinin stratejik liderlik uygulamaları arasında ilişkinin bulunup bulunmadığının belirlenmesinde ise Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin, okullarında yaşanan sapma davranışlarına ilişkin algılarının ?Nadiren?, okul müdürlerinin stratejik liderliğine ilişkin algılarının ise ?Başarılı fakat geliştirilmesi gereken? şeklinde değerlendirildiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, mesleki kıdem ve branş değişkenlerine göre orta okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin okullarında yaşanan örgütsel sapma düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde anlamlı bir farklılık yoktur. Öğretmenlerin medeni durum değişkenine göre okullarda örgütsel sapma ölçeğinin bireysel sapma boyutunda ve anket genelinde anlamlı fark görülmüştür. Cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve mesleki kıdem değişkenlerine göre orta okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin, müdürlerinin stratejik liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde anlamlı bir farklılık yoktur. Ancak branş değişkenine göre öğretmenlerin, okul müdürlerinin stratejik liderlik uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşleri anketinin teknik stratejik liderlik uygulamaları boyutunda, medeni durum değişkenine göre ise insan ile ilgili stratejik liderlik uygulamaları boyutunda anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sapma ile stratejik liderliğe ilişkin algıları arasında yüksek, negatif, anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ortaokul müdürlerinin stratejik liderlik davranışları arttıkça okullardaki örgütsel sapma davranışları azalmaktadır. The purpose of this study is to determine the views of secondary school teachers about organizational deviation, the relationship between this concept and directors? strategic leadership skills and related to this relationship to develop suggesstions for the practitioners and reseachers. The survey has been applied to 481 teachers working in 26 seondary schools within the baundaries of the İzmir Province in the 2012-2013 academic year. To collect the data for the research two inventories was used entitled as ?Organizational Deviation in Schools? and ?The Applies for Strategic Leadership of School Managers? ?. In data analysis frequency, percent (%), arithmetic average (x), Standard deviation (Ss) were cmouted, t-Test and Anova were used. Also the relationship between the Organzationl Deviation in Schools and The Applies for Strategic Leadership of School Managers? was determined by Pearson Correlation technique based on the data obtained. The results of the study have revealed that teachers are ?Seldom? towards deviant behaviors experienced in the schools and ?Successful but it should be improved? toward strategic leadership of school managers. According to the results in teachers? assesment of organizational deviance in their schools, there isn?t a significant relationship according to gender, education level, length of service and branch variable. According to marital status, there have been seen differences in individul deviance part of the organizational deviance measurement in schools and whole of the measurement. According to gender, education level and length of service there isn?t any significant relationship in teachers? assesment of secondary school principals? level of showing strategic leadership behaviors. But according to branch variable there has been found a significant difference in technical strategic leadership appliances and according to marital status there has been found a significant difference in strategic leadership appliances concerned with humans. On the other hand, it was found that there is a high, negative and significant correlation between the teachers perceptions of organizational deviance and their perceptions of strategic leadership. Organizational deviance behaviors in schools decrease as long as strategic leadership behaviors of secondary school managers increase

Evaluation of Several Learning Environment Variables at Secondary Institutions

Health is an issue whose importance needs to be focused in the learning environment and learning activities in education. The level of teaching and learning is known to effect health of learners. Learning environments are teeming with many variables. Ambient temperature, noise, humidity and illumination are a few of them. If these variables are outside the specified limits for ambient levels this may need to a loss of learning and adversely affect the health of learners. This research was conducted to evaluate this aspect at institutions of secondary education in Turkey. The literature discusses the findings of various measurements that were taken with a variety of devices such as the Environment Meter-DT 8820, GMI PN 66094 and AARONIA AG SPECTRAN at randomly selected schools and classes. The temperature and carbon dioxide values in the classrooms were outside the defined limits according to research findings. In addition, many classrooms had noise levels above limits which could impair human health and some color selections in classrooms were made incorrectly. When the results of the findings are analyzed, we find the learner’s metabolism is negatively affected; attention loss and serious health problems may be experienced in the long run. It is highly recommended that laws and regulations regarding school construction and settlement be enacted and that precise limits be defined in those laws. In addition, it is thought establishing electromechanical systems to measure indoor and outdoor air quality in classrooms would bring benefit

Outcomes Of Early Physiotherapy In Patients With Cerebral Aneurysms Treated By Surgical Clipping Or Endovascular Embolization

Early physiotherapy was given to 124 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization. Patients were divided into four groups according to their Hunt and Hess grade at admission and aneurysm treatment modality: Group 1, Hunt and Hess grade ≤ II and surgical clipping; Group 2, Hunt and Hess grade ≤ II and endovascular embolization; Group 3, Hunt and Hess grade ≥ III and surgical clipping; Group 4, Hunt and Hess grade ≥ III and endovascular embolization. Level of consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale, functional status using the Glasgow Outcome Scale, level of the mobility using the Mobility Scale for acute stroke patients, and independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel Index. After early physiotherapy, the level of consciousness and functional status improved significantly in Groups 1, 3, and 4; mobility improved significantly in all groups; and independence in activities of daily living improved significantly in Groups 1 and 3. At discharge, Groups 1 and 2 had better functional status than Groups 3 and 4. Level of consciousness, functional status, mobility and independence in activities of daily living improved after early physiotherapy. These findings suggest that early physiotherapy improved the prognosis of patients with cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization. Patients with a worse clinical status at presentation had a poorer functional status at discharge. The outcome of physiotherapy was not affected by whether surgical clipping or endovascular embolization was chosen for treatment of the aneurysm.PubMedWo

Characterization Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Mucolipidosis Type Ii (I-Cell Disease)

Mucolipidosis type II (ML-II, I-cell disease) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. A characteristic skeletal phenotype is one of the many clinical manifestations of ML-II. Since the mechanisms underlying these skeletal defects in ML-II are not completely understood, we hypothesized that a defect in osteogenic differentiation of ML-II bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) might be responsible for this skeletal phenotype. Here, we assessed and characterized the cellular phenotype of BM-MSCs from a ML-II patient before (BBMT) and after BM transplantation (ABMT), and we compared the results with BM-MSCs from a carrier and a healthy donor. Morphologically, we did not observe differences in ML-II BBMT and ABMT or carrier MSCs in terms of size or granularity. Osteogenic differentiation was not markedly affected by disease or carrier status. Adipogenic differentiation was increased in BBMT ML-II MSCs, but chondrogenic differentiation was decreased in both BBMT and ABMT ML-II MSCs. Immunophenotypically no significant differences were observed between the samples. Interestingly, the proliferative capacity of BBMT and ABMT ML-II MSCs was increased in comparison to MSCs from age-matched healthy donors. These data suggest that MSCs are not likely to cause the skeletal phenotype observed in ML-II, but they may contribute to the pathogenesis of ML-II as a result of lysosomal storage-induced pathology.PubMedWoSScopu