La ejecución de infraestructuras en el medio rural

La preocupación del hombre por cuidar sus intervenciones en el medio natural es relativamente reciente y proviene de esa relación del hombre con la naturaleza que supone el hecho de construir y de la generación del lugar. La creciente conciencia social y el convencimiento de la necesidad de conservar el equilibrio natural como forma de proteger la biodiversidad y conservar el espacio, ha mediatizado las intervenciones en el medio natural, provocando inseguridades y dudas que se reflejan en lo allí construido. La solución habitual ha sido "no hacer" o "hacer lo mínimo", apoyándose en lo ya existente. Se propone valorar el paisaje como un recurso natural más del espacio, afectado por las intervenciones de carácter antrópico que se producen sobre el mismo. Esta propuesta pretende reflexionar la forma de actuar en los espacios físicos para su adecuación a las necesidades planteadas, con el objetivo de su utilización y disfrute

Construir en Espacios Protegidos

La preocupación del hombre por cuidar sus intervenciones en el medio natural, desde un punto de vista visual, paisajístico, es relativamente reciente y proviene de esa relación esencial del hombre con la naturaleza que supone el hecho de construir, y de su directa consecuencia: la generación del lugar. El cambio cualitativo de la configuración del espacio y del carácter del territorio va a provocar significados, emociones y sentimientos que, cuando por la evolución y progreso de la humanidad se han despersonalizado y perdido su conexión con el medio natural, han alimentado una profunda inquietud de la sociedad que se ha sentido huérfana y desarraigada. La creciente conciencia social y el inequívoco convencimiento sobre la necesidad de conservar el equilibrio natural de estas fuerzas, como mejor forma de proteger la biodiversidad y conservar el espacio como escenario en el que se desarrollan, han mediatizado las intervenciones en el medio natural, provocando inseguridades y dudas que se reflejan en lo allí construido. La solución habitualmente ha sido ?no hacer? o ?hacer lo mínimo?, apoyándose siempre en lo ya existente, no desde el convencimiento de que fuera ésta la mejor solución, sino con la coartada de que la memoria ha incorporado lo ya existente a nuestra idea del lugar. La discusión que se propone se basa en la valoración del paisaje como un recurso natural más del espacio, recurso inevitablemente afectado por las continuas intervenciones de carácter antrópico que se producen sobre el mismo; no obstante, su consideración como recurso natural o como aspecto principal del espacio protegido es algo secundario, aceptado el hecho de su indiscutible valor

Discovering Long-lived Particles at DUNE

Long-lived particles (LLPs) arise in many theories beyond the Standard Model. These may be copiously produced from meson decays (or through their mixing with the LLP) at neutrino facilities and leave a visible decay signal in nearby neutrino detectors. We compute the expected sensitivity of the DUNE liquid argon (LAr) and gaseous argon (GAr) near detectors (ND) to light LLP decays. In doing so, we determine the expected backgrounds for both detectors, which have been largely overlooked in the literature, taking into account their angular and energy resolution. We show that searches for LLP decays into muon pairs, or into three pions, would be extremely clean. Conversely, decays into two photons would be affected by large backgrounds from neutrino interactions for both near detectors; finally, the reduced signal efficiency for $e^+ e^-$ pairs leads to a reduced sensitivity for ND-LAr. Our results are first presented in a model-independent way, as a function of the mass of the new state and its lifetime. We also provide detailed calculations for several phenomenological models with axion-like particles (coupled to gluons, to electroweak bosons, or to quark currents). Some of our results may also be of interest for other neutrino facilities using a similar detector technology (e.g. MicroBooNE, SBND, ICARUS, or the T2K Near Detector).Comment: 34 pages, 11 Figure

Use and recycling of construction and demolition waste in Spain (Concrete and Masonry Debris)

Spain is the fifth country generating construction and demolition waste (CDW) and unfortunately, is one which does the least to recuperate them, as stated in the Symonds & Ass report. This report indicates that 95% of the 13 million tons of waste materials yearly generated end up in the dump. In our country the rnanagement of CDW belongs to the Autonomous Regions with the exception of the waste originated from minor house works. Trying to solve this problem the Autonomous Regions are defining their rnanagement plans according to the hierarchy principle, stated in the title 1.1 of the Law 10/1998 referring to waste products. his principle establishes as a top priority the prevention ?whenever possible-- the reutilization and recycling through a thorough selection on site, in order to fu1iher treatment, both of the mixed recycled materials as well as the ones used in treatment plants and to clearly assess all that cannot be reused o recycled. The final deposit in the dump is the last option, and the least satisfactory one. A main aspect to be considered when dealing with construction-demolition waste recuperation and recycling is that econornic and environrnental interests are al so part of this issue. The challenge for the future is, to make the human economic development compatible with the environment preservation supporting it; that is sustainable growth. Therefore, regarding this, all the recuperating and recycling activities are of great importance. The demolition waste has a well known reuse potential. This reuse has, nevertheless, certain limitations due to the characteristics of the waste itself. The construction waste (debris) that can be reused is mainly produced during the phases of demolition, collapse, transformation or building enlargement, as well as in those civil works such as roads, airports, driveways or other traffic surfaces. Due to its heterogeneity, the waste derived from construction presents more difficulty, because the compound construction materials make the recuperation more complex. The recycled aggregate can be applied for many different uses, but the main recycling plants in Europe rework them into materials not demanding high quality; normally they are used as fillings, packings or sub-bases for road construction. This is due to the lack of quality control in these fields. In countries where the quality standards are further developed, as in the Netherlands, the recycled material is used for other items with greater specific value, as in the manufacturing of concretes and mortars. In Spain, recycling of CDW is not common yet due, mainly, to an absence of politic aims and the lack of legislation and appropriate control, with the exception of sorne precise movable grinding or recycling plants. Of all the CDW generated in Spain, approximately a 60% is made up of masonry and about a 20% corresponds to concrete debris. Presently there are six aggregate recycling plants in Spain: three in Barcelona, two in the Basque Country and one in Madrid. This paper analyses the values and applications of this kind of waste in Spain

Expression of Smac/Diablo in tubular epithelial cells and during acute renal failure

Expression of Smac/Diablo in tubular epithelial cells and during acute renal failure.BackgroundApoptosis contributes to tubular cell loss in the course of renal injury. However, the mechanisms regulating tubular cell apoptosis are not well understood. Smac/Diablo is a mitochondrial protein that is released to the cytosol during apoptosis, where it blocks the antiapoptotic activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs).MethodsWe have studied the regulation of Smac/Diablo mRNA and protein expression in murine toxic acute tubular necrosis, and in cultured tubular epithelial cells exposed to the lethal cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF).ResultsFolic acid–induced acute renal failure was associated with tubular cell apoptosis. Smac/Diablo mRNA and protein levels increased by 50% at 24 hours. TNF, a cytokine whose renal expression increases in folic acid nephropathy, induced apoptosis in cultured tubular epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. In addition, TNF increased the mRNA and protein expression of Smac/Diablo.ConclusionThese findings support the concept that regulation of Smac/Diablo mRNA and protein expression is a mechanism by which lethal stimuli amplify their lethal potential in renal cells

Inteligencia emocional y violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre inteligencia emocional y violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2021. Se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básica-descriptiva correlacional, diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. Se aplicó el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, teniendo como participantes a 302 jóvenes del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo cuyas edades oscilan entre 18 a 25 años de edad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong y Law (WLEIS) y el Cuestionario de Violencia entre Novios (CUVINO). Los resultados evidenciaron que el 73,2% del total de la muestra presentan la capacidad de reconocer sus emociones y sentimientos, sin embargo, el 26,8% presentan dificultad para reconocer sus emociones. Asimismo, el 50% de la muestra presentan violencia leve, seguidamente por 28,50% violencia moderada y el 2% indican haber sufrido violencia severa en su relación de noviazgo. Por otro lado, el 19,50% indica no presentar violencia. Finalmente, concluimos que existe correlación inversa débil y muy significativa entre inteligencia emocional y violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2021

Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Polymorphism in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women

Producción CientíficaThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between bone mineral density and insertion/ deletion (I/D) angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism (ACE) in hypertensive postmenopausal women.2015-09-0

Effect of Quinapril, Quinapril-Hydrochlorothiazide, and Enalapril on the Bone Mass of Hypertensive Subjects: Relationship With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Polymorphisms

Producción CientíficaBackground: Many alterations in extracellular metabolism of calcium have been associated to hypertension, but the number of studies relating this disease with osteoporosis is extremely low. This study clarifies the therapeutic effect of three treatments— quinapril, quinapril hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), enalapril—on bone remodeling markers, bone mineral density (BMD) in hypertensive patients, and relationship with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism.2015-09-0

TWEAK Activates the Non-Canonical NFκB Pathway in Murine Renal Tubular Cells: Modulation of CCL21

TWEAK is a member of the TNF superfamily of cytokines that contribute to kidney tubulointerstitial injury. It has previously been reported that TWEAK induces transient nuclear translocation of RelA and expression of RelA-dependent cytokines in renal tubular cells. Additionally, TWEAK induced long-lasting NFκB activation suggestive of engagement of the non-canonical NFκB pathway. We now explore TWEAK-induced activation of NFκB2 and RelB, as well as expression of CCL21, a T-cell chemotactic factor, in cultured murine tubular epithelial cells and in healthy kidneys in vivo. In cultured tubular cells, TWEAK and TNFα activated different DNA-binding NFκB complexes. TWEAK-induced sustained NFκB activation was associated with NFκB2 p100 processing to p52 via proteasome and nuclear translocation and DNA-binding of p52 and RelB. TWEAK, but not TNFα used as control), induced a delayed increase in CCL21a mRNA (3.5±1.22-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (2.5±0.8-fold over control), which was prevented by inhibition of the proteasome, or siRNA targeting of NIK or RelB, but not by RelA inhibition with parthenolide. A second NFκB2-dependent chemokine, CCL19, was upregulates by TWEAK, but not by TNFα. However, both cytokines promoted chemokine RANTES expression (3-fold mRNA at 24 h). In vivo, TWEAK induced nuclear NFκB2 and RelB translocation and CCL21a mRNA (1.5±0.3-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (1.6±0.5-fold over control) expression in normal kidney. Increased tubular nuclear RelB and tubular CCL21 expression in acute kidney injury were decreased by neutralization (2±0.9 vs 1.3±0.6-fold over healthy control) or deficiency of TWEAK (2±0.9 vs 0.8±0.6-fold over healthy control). Moreover, anti-TWEAK treatment prevented the recruitment of T cells to the kidney in this model (4.1±1.4 vs 1.8±1-fold over healthy control). Our results thus identify TWEAK as a regulator of non-canonical NFκB activation and CCL21 expression in tubular cells thus promoting lymphocyte recruitment to the kidney during acute injury