Perfil de memoria en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad.

The objective of this study is to contribute to the establishment of a memory profile in subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We examined fifty-one adolescents: 16 ADHD and 35 controls, aged between 14 and 16. Neuropsychological exploration included tests of short-term memory and of declarative and implicit (incidental and procedural) memory. Subjects with ADHD presented deficits in their mnesic abilities. These deficits do not involve all type of memory, but are selective. Declarative memory and, especially, short-term memory show higher deficits than implicit or non-declarative memory: incidental learning is preserved and procedural learning is similar to that obtained by control subjects, although this forn of learning presents more diflculties for ADHD subjects learning with a higher difficulty

Polimorfismo T102C del receptor 5HT2A y rendimiento cognitivo en la alteración cognitiva leve

La Alteración Cognitiva Leve es un estado de transición entre el envejecimiento normal y la enfermedad de Alzheimer y es por ello una condición de riesgo para la demencia. La serotonina y sus receptores tienen un papel importante en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria. El receptor 5HT2A está localizado predominantemente en áreas frontales e hipocampales. En este estudio hemos valorado la influencia del genotipo del polimorfismo T102C del gen 5HT2A en el rendimiento cognitivo de una muestra de 59 sujetos con Alteración Cognitiva Leve. Los sujetos heterocigotos (T102/C102) para este polimorfismo puntuaban significativamente menos en el Mini-Mental, pruebas de memoria visual y verbal y en funciones premotoras

Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: Perfil de memoria en el Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad

The objective of this study is to contribute to the establishment of a memory profile in subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We examined fifty-one adolescents: 16 ADHD and 35 controls, aged between 14 and 16. Neuropsychological exploration included tests of short-term memory and of declarative and implicit (incidental and procedural) memory. Subjects with ADHD presented deficits in their mnesic abilities. These deficits do not involve all type of memory, but are selective. Declarative memory and, especially, short-term memory show higher deficits than implicit or non-declarative memory: incidental learning is preserved and procedural learning is similar to that obtained by control subjects, although this forn of learning presents more diflculties for ADHD subjects learning with a higher difficulty.El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir al establecimiento de un perfil de habilidades mnésicas presewadas y deficitarias en sujetos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Exploramos 51 sujetos adolescentes: 16 TDAH y 35 sujetos control, de edades comprendidasentre los 14 y los 16 azos de edad. La exploración neuropsicológica incluía pruebas de memoria a corto plazo, de tipo declarativo y de tipo implícita (incidental y procedimental). Nuestros resultados muestran que los sujetos con TDAH presentan déficits destacados en sus habilidadesmnésicas. Estos déficits no abarcan todo tip0 de habilidades mnésicas, sino que configuran un perfil selectiva de afectación. La memoria declarativa y, especialmente, la memoria inmediata están en mayor medida afectadas que la memoria implícita o no declarativa: el aprendizaje incidentalestá preservado y las curvas de aprendizaje procedimental son similares a las obtenidas por los sujetos controles, aunque efectúan este aprendizaje con una mayor dificultad

Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: Perfil de memoria en el Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad

The objective of this study is to contribute to the establishment of a memory profile in subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We examined fifty-one adolescents: 16 ADHD and 35 controls, aged between 14 and 16. Neuropsychological exploration included tests of short-term memory and of declarative and implicit (incidental and procedural) memory. Subjects with ADHD presented deficits in their mnesic abilities. These deficits do not involve all type of memory, but are selective. Declarative memory and, especially, short-term memory show higher deficits than implicit or non-declarative memory: incidental learning is preserved and procedural learning is similar to that obtained by control subjects, although this forn of learning presents more diflculties for ADHD subjects learning with a higher difficulty.El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir al establecimiento de un perfil de habilidades mnésicas presewadas y deficitarias en sujetos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Exploramos 51 sujetos adolescentes: 16 TDAH y 35 sujetos control, de edades comprendidasentre los 14 y los 16 azos de edad. La exploración neuropsicológica incluía pruebas de memoria a corto plazo, de tipo declarativo y de tipo implícita (incidental y procedimental). Nuestros resultados muestran que los sujetos con TDAH presentan déficits destacados en sus habilidadesmnésicas. Estos déficits no abarcan todo tip0 de habilidades mnésicas, sino que configuran un perfil selectiva de afectación. La memoria declarativa y, especialmente, la memoria inmediata están en mayor medida afectadas que la memoria implícita o no declarativa: el aprendizaje incidentalestá preservado y las curvas de aprendizaje procedimental son similares a las obtenidas por los sujetos controles, aunque efectúan este aprendizaje con una mayor dificultad

Perfil de memoria en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad.

The objective of this study is to contribute to the establishment of a memory profile in subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We examined fifty-one adolescents: 16 ADHD and 35 controls, aged between 14 and 16. Neuropsychological exploration included tests of short-term memory and of declarative and implicit (incidental and procedural) memory. Subjects with ADHD presented deficits in their mnesic abilities. These deficits do not involve all type of memory, but are selective. Declarative memory and, especially, short-term memory show higher deficits than implicit or non-declarative memory: incidental learning is preserved and procedural learning is similar to that obtained by control subjects, although this forn of learning presents more diflculties for ADHD subjects learning with a higher difficulty

Differential progression of regional hippocampal atrophy in aging and Parkinson's disease

Hippocampal subfields have different vulnerability to the degenerative processes related to aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the temporal evolution in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. The purposes of the current work are to describe regional hippocampal changes over time in a sample of PD patients classified according to their baseline cognitive status and to relate these changes to verbal memory loss. T1-weighted images and verbal memory assessment were obtained at two separate time points (3.8 ± 0.4 years apart) from 28 PD with normal cognition (PD-NC), 16 PD with MCI (PD-MCI) and 21 healthy controls (HCs). FreeSurfer 6.0 automated pipeline was used to segment the hippocampus into 12 bilateral subregions. Memory functions were measured with Rey's Auditory Verbal learning test (RAVLT). We found significant reductions in cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) over time in controls as well as in PD subgroups. Right whole-hippocampal volumes showed time effects in both PD groups but not in controls. PD-NC patients also displayed time effects in the left hippocampal tail and right parasubiculum. Regression analyses showed that specific hippocampal subfield volumes at time 1 predicted almost 60% of the variability in RAVLT delayed-recall score decline. Changes in several hippocampal subregions also showed predictive value for memory loss. In conclusion, CA1 changes in PD were similar to those that occur in normal aging, but PD patients also had more decline in both anterior and posterior hippocampal segments with a more pronounced atrophy of the right hemisphere. Hippocampal segments are better predictors of changes in memory performance than whole-hippocampal volumes

Gray/White matter contrast in Parkinson's disease

Gray/white matter contrast (GWC) decreases with aging and has been found to be a useful MRI biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its utility in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has not been investigated. The aims of the study were to test whether GWC is sensitive to aging changes in PD patients, if PD patients differ from healthy controls (HCs) in GWC, and whether the use of GWC data would improve the sensitivity of cortical thickness analyses to differentiate PD patients from controls. Using T1-weighted structural images, we obtained individual cortical thickness and GWC values from a sample of 90 PD patients and 27 controls. Images were processed with the automated FreeSurfer stream. GWC was computed by dividing the white matter (WM) by the gray matter (GM) values and projecting the ratios onto a common surface. The sample characteristics were: 52 patients and 14 controls were males; mean age of 64.4 ± 10.6 years in PD and 64.7 ± 8.6 years in controls; 8.0 ± 5.6 years of disease evolution; 15.6 ± 9.8 UPDRS; and a range of 1.5-3 in Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage. In both PD and controls we observed significant correlations between GWC and age involving almost the entire cortex. When applying a stringent cluster-forming threshold of p < 0.0001, the correlation between GWC and age also involved the entire cortex in the PD group; in the control group, the correlation was found in the parahippocampal gyrus and widespread frontal and parietal areas. The GWC of PD patients did not differ from controls', whereas cortical thickness analyses showed thinning in temporal and parietal cortices in the PD group. Cortical thinning remained unchanged after adjusting for GWC. GWC is a very sensitive measure for detecting aging effects, but did not provide additional information over other parameters of atrophy in PD