Regenerative Landwirtschaft – Bewertung des Systems durch die Erweiterte Spatendiagnose am Beispiel Kartoffel

Der Kartoffelanbau ist ein wichtiges ökonomisches Standbein vieler Biobetriebe. Die intensive Bodenbearbeitung gefährdet die Bodenstruktur und erhöht das Risiko von Wasser- und Winderosion. Die regenerative Landwirtschaft hat den Anspruch, den Boden während des Anbaus zu verbessern, was in der Praxis erprobt und diskutiert wird. In einem einjährigen Experiment wurden Techniken der regenerativen Landwirtschaft auf den Kartoffelanbau angewandt und durch die erweiterte Spatendiagnose bewertet. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung mit und ohne Mulch die Bodenstruktur verbessert unter Beibehaltung wirtschaftlicher Erträge

Ökonomische Bewertung und Optimierung eines regenerativen Speisekartoffelanbaus unter Transfermulch

Die Bruttoerträge, unter Einbezug unbepflanzter Fahrgassen für die Mulchausbringung, wirken sich entscheidend auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer regenerativen Kartoffelanbau-Methode unter Transfermulch aus. Außerdem relevant sind die Gestaltung der Mulchprozesskette sowie die Mulcherträge und -kosten

Kartoffelkäfer meiden Transfermulch – Freisetzungsversuch von Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Mulchen reduziert das Vorkommen des Kartoffelkäfers. Individuen wurden zwischen gemulchten und ungemulchten Parzellen freigesetzt. L. decemlineata wählte für den Erstbefall ungemulchte Parzellen. Ein Barrierereffekt, olfaktorische Irritation oder eine Störung der Orientierung könnten der Grund sein

Alle unter einer Decke - Vernetzungsansätze und Wissensstand zur Anwendung von Transfermulch im Ökolandbau

Mulch aus Gründüngungen wird zur Klimawandelanpassung, Nährstoffversorgung, zum Pflanzenschutz und Bodenfruchtbarkeitsmanagement eingesetzt. Der Workshop stellt den aktuellen Stand des Wissens und der Praxis vor. Er zielt darauf ab, Forschung, Beratung und Landwirte enger miteinander zu verbinden

Genetic landscape of pediatric acute liver failure of indeterminate origin.

BACKGROUND AIMS Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a life-threatening condition. In Europe, main causes are viral infections (12-16%) and inherited metabolic diseases (14-28%). Yet, in up to 50% of cases the underlying etiology remains elusive, challenging clinical management, including liver transplantation. We systematically studied indeterminate PALF cases referred for genetic evaluation by whole-exome sequencing (WES), and analyzed phenotypic and biochemical markers, and the diagnostic yield of WES in this condition. METHODS With this international, multicenter observational study, patients (0-18 y) with indeterminate PALF were analyzed by WES. Data on the clinical and biochemical phenotype were retrieved and systematically analyzed. RESULTS In total, 260 indeterminate PALF patients from 19 countries were recruited between 2011 and 2022, of whom 59 had recurrent PALF (RALF). WES established a genetic diagnosis in 37% of cases (97/260). Diagnostic yield was highest in children with PALF in the first year of life (46%), and in children with RALF (64%). Thirty-six distinct disease genes were identified. Defects in NBAS (n=20), MPV17 (n=8) and DGUOK (n=7) were the most frequent findings. When categorizing, most frequent were mitochondrial diseases (45%), disorders of vesicular trafficking (28%) and cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase deficiencies (10%). One-third of patients had a fatal outcome. Fifty-six patients received liver transplants. CONCLUSION This study elucidates a large contribution of genetic causes in PALF of indeterminate origin with an increasing spectrum of disease entities. The high proportion of diagnosed cases and potential treatment implications argue for exome or in future rapid genome sequencing in PALF diagnostics

Impact of Ten Years Conservation Tillage in Organic Farming on Soil Physical Properties in a Loess Soil—Northern Hesse, Germany

In conservation agriculture, conservation tillage potentially influences the physical, chemical, and biological quality of the soil. Although the effects of conservation agriculture on the soil’s physical properties have been studied in conventional management systems, studies on organic farming systems, especially concerning long-term changes, are scarce. This study summarizes the results of physical and mechanical soil parameters obtained over the initial 10 years of different conservation management treatments (plowing versus reduced tillage with and without compost application) in an organic field trial conducted in central Germany. Moreover, as a research objective, the effects of soil conservation measures on soil’s physical quality were evaluated. Differences in the soil’s physical quality during treatments were mainly detected in the topsoil. At a depth of 0.10–0.24 m, the total porosity and air capacity were lower, and the bulk density was higher in the reduced-tillage systems, compared to those of the plowed treatments. Additionally, the soil’s mechanical stability (precompression stress) was higher at a depth of 0.10 m for reduced-tillage systems combined with compost application. In addition, the soil’s aggregate stability was enhanced in the reduced-tillage systems (higher mean weight diameter, as determined via wet sieving). Overall, the reduced-tillage treatments did not exceed the critical physical values of the soil, nor affect the functionality of the soil (saturated hydraulic conductivity), thereby demonstrating its feasibility as a sustainable technique for organic farming. Future studies should include measures to ameliorate compaction zones in reduced-tillage treatments, e.g., by applying subsoiling techniques in combination with deep-rooting crops to prevent limited rooting space resulting from the high mechanical impedance, especially under dry soil conditions

Impact of Ten Years Conservation Tillage in Organic Farming on Soil Physical Properties in a Loess Soil—Northern Hesse, Germany

Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kasse

Late to the Party—Transferred Mulch from Green Manures Delays Colorado Potato Beetle Infestation in Regenerative Potato Cropping Systems

Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kasse

Late to the Party—Transferred Mulch from Green Manures Delays Colorado Potato Beetle Infestation in Regenerative Potato Cropping Systems

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an exceptionally challenging potato pest. Some regenerative farmers have reported that the use of transferred green manure mulch can considerably reduce CBP damage. Previous studies confirm this observation, but mainly with straw mulch, which is rarely used in Central Europe, and not embedded in the new regenerative cropping approach. For this, six trials conducted between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated, comparing CPB infestation in potatoes with and without transferred mulch as well as under a plough as a minimum till regime. In three out of six experiments, compost application was an additional factor. (I) Over all experiments, mulch significantly reduced initial infestation (−24%), egg masses (−27%) and larvae (−75%). Compost and reduced tillage added to these effects; (II) Mulch mainly resulted in delayed CPB infestation; (III) In a particularly warm season, when a second generation of CPB managed to emerge, regulatory effects of the mulch were not sufficient; (IV) Combination of transferred nutrient rich green manure mulch with reduced tillage, compost and other regenerative or agro-ecological techniques is recommended to achieve maximum regulation of CPB