The perception of Korea as a convention destination

The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of Korea as a convention destination by international convention attendees in the wake of the Asian financial crisis; Convention business has steadily grown in the past decade to become a significant segment of the Korean tourism industry. In spite of the importance of the market, little research has been undertaken to illustrate the perception of actual international convention attendees about Korea as a convention destination; This paper reports information derived from a study of the perceptions of 175 international convention attendees. The major findings indicated that there were significant differences in perceptions and satisfaction levels of Korea as a convention destination between Asians and non-Asians. In addition, the importance and performance analysis was performed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Korea as a convention destination. The implications for the marketing strategies are discussed, along with suggestions for future research

Simulating Problem Difficulty in Arithmetic Cognition Through Dynamic Connectionist Models

The present study aims to investigate similarities between how humans and connectionist models experience difficulty in arithmetic problems. Problem difficulty was operationalized by the number of carries involved in solving a given problem. Problem difficulty was measured in humans by response time, and in models by computational steps. The present study found that both humans and connectionist models experience difficulty similarly when solving binary addition and subtraction. Specifically, both agents found difficulty to be strictly increasing with respect to the number of carries. Another notable similarity is that problem difficulty increases more steeply in subtraction than in addition, for both humans and connectionist models. Further investigation on two model hyperparameters --- confidence threshold and hidden dimension --- shows higher confidence thresholds cause the model to take more computational steps to arrive at the correct answer. Likewise, larger hidden dimensions cause the model to take more computational steps to correctly answer arithmetic problems; however, this effect by hidden dimensions is negligible.Comment: 7 pages; 15 figures; 5 tables; Published in the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cognitive Modelling (ICCM 2019

Development and validation of a work mattering scale (WMS)

Many people desire work that matters to others and society. However, there is no existing, psychometrically sound scale that measures work mattering with two dimensions, societal mattering and interpersonal mattering. This study reports the development and validation of the Work Mattering Scale. Phase I utilized a review of the scholarly literature, in-depth interviews, and expert feedback to formulate 45 items. In phase II, with a sample of 299 working adults in the United States, exploratory factor analyses were employed and produced a two-factor model with 10 items. In phase III, with another sample of 251 working adults, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the initial structure specified in phase II. In phase IV, the construct validity was examined by correlations and factor analysis among the total and subscale scores with measures of psychological wellbeing, vocational behaviors and affect, and positive and negative affectivity. In phase V, 4-week test-retest reliability was calculated. Results provided support for the reliability and validity of the Work Mattering Scale. Implications for use in research, practice, and organizations are discussed.

奄美大島出身者のUターン移動の特徴と発生要因

本論は，奄美大島出身者の長周期Uターン移動の特性とUターンを可能とする諸条件を明らかにすることを目的とした。事例地域として同島宇検村芦検を選んだ。芦検出身者の空間的移動は出郷から帰還までのタイムスパンが長期にわたることが特徴である。出郷期にUターン者は，就職により鹿児島県や沖縄県をはじめ3大都市圏まで広範囲に移動した。その後，彼らは平均38年に及ぶ本土滞在の間に大都市圏に集中する傾向を示し，退職を契機に母村にUターンした。芦検出身者の長周期Uターン移動を実現させた要因は，出郷者どうしそして出郷者と芦検の住民との関係が，長期間にわたって温存されてきたこと,Uターン後の住居が確保されたこと，そして生活を支える定期的な年金収入の存在の3点がうまく結びついた結果である。This study examines the actual conditions of the permanent return migration of the old-time residents of Ashiken settlement to the island of Amami Oshima. The spatial transfer of those Ashiken natives is not simply characterized by the long-distance transfer between the island and the mainland, but also by the time span from leaving their hometown to permanently returning home, which continues over a long period of time. This study explains the factors that account for such a longterm migration, based on detailed interviews of the life histories of 32 return migrants and observations of actual living conditions after their permanent return home. The inhabited area of the return migrants who left their hometown extended over a wide area including Kagoshima and Okinawa near Amami Oshima, and the 3 metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. The most common reason for moving was employment. The return migrants spent an average of 38 years, generally settling in a concentrated region in the Tokyo metropolitan area while repeatedly making short-distance moves. The most common reason for the move was job-related, such as a job change or job transfer. Migrants who left their hometown kept in touch with other similar migrants during their residence on the mainland, and also preserved a connection to Ashiken. The factors which account for the long-term return migration of the Ashiken natives are summarized by the following three points. First, the Ashiken old-timers, even while living on the mainland, maintained a strong relationship among other residents from the same hometown, and simultaneously kept a close connection with their native village. The greatest factor which accounts for the permanent return is that the migrants were constantly aware of the state of affairs in their native village, and the information was shared among the society of residents who left their hometown. Second, regardless of the residents\u27 prolonged absence, properties and homes were maintained in Ashiken, and even their properties were sold, the former residents could find a place to live after they return. Securing a residence is an important matter to be considered when relocating ones. In the case of many return migrants, relatives or friends who lived in the village during their absence managed their homes and properties and cleaned and repaired them so that owners could easily resume living in them. On the other hand, village-provided homes were offered as residences for return migrants who did not own homes or properties in Ashiken. Third, migrants who left their hometown were mostly businessmen who received a sufficient pension to sustain their retirement after their return. The migrants\u27 return to Ashiken is not only dependent on the regional characteristics of the island, but is a result of a successful combination of securing residences, communal bonding and social system characteristics such as pensions

The Rhetoric of "Amateur Writing" and "Remodeled Ver sion" in the works of Kaisei Lee : Sono zenya and Shishano nokoshitamono

一、 はじめにー年譜の改変と忘れられた〈処女作〉ー 小説「その前夜」は在日朝鮮人作家李恢成の実質的な〈処女作〉である。しかしその事実に気づくことは容易ではない。なぜなら、現在の読者が「その前夜」の存在について知るチャンスは非常に限られているからだ。 ..

Work-related correlates of occupational sitting in a diverse sample of employees in Midwest metropolitan cities

The worksite serves as an ideal setting to reduce sedentary time. Yet little research has focused on occupational sitting, and few have considered factors beyond the personal or socio-demographic level. The current study i) examined variation in occupational sitting across different occupations, ii) explored whether worksite level factors (e.g., employer size, worksite supports and policies) may be associated with occupational sitting. Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, schedule flexibility, occupation, work related factors, and worksite supports and policies. Occupational sitting was self-reported (daily minutes spent sitting at work), and dichotomized. Occupation-stratified analyses were conducted to identify correlates of occupational sitting using multiple logistic regressions. A total of 1668 participants provided completed data. Those employed in business and office/administrative support spent more daily occupational sitting time (median 330 min) compared to service and blue collar employees (median 30 min). Few worksite supports and policies were sitting specific, yet factors such as having a full-time job, larger employer size, schedule flexibility, and stair prompt signage were associated with occupational sitting. For example, larger employer size was associated with higher occupational sitting in health care, education/professional, and service occupations. Work-related factors, worksite supports and policies are associated with occupational sitting. The pattern of association varies among different occupation groups. This exploratory work adds to the body of research on worksite level correlates of occupational sitting. This may provide information on priority venues for targeting highly sedentary occupation groups

An Improved Animal Model of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that causes an accumulation of terminally differentiated monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, accompanied by multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD). MM animal models have been developed and enable to interrogate the mechanism of MM tumorigenesis. However, these models demonstrate little or no evidence of MMBD. We try to establish the MMBD model with severe bone lesions and easily accessible MM progression. 1 x 10(6) luciferase-expressing 5TGM1 cells were injected into 8-12 week-old NOD SCID gamma mouse (NSG) and C57BL/KaLwRij mouse via the tail vein. Myeloma progression was assessed weekly via in vivo bioluminescence (BL) imaging using IVIS-200. The spine and femur/tibia were extracted and scanned by the micro-computer tomography for bone histo-morphometric analyses at the postmortem. The median survivals were 56 days in NSG while 44.5 days in C57BL/KaLwRij agreed with the BL imaging results. Histomorphic and DEXA analyses demonstrated that NSG mice have severe bone resorption that occurred at the lumbar spine but no significance at the femur compared to C57BL/KaLwRij mice. Based on these, we conclude that the systemic 5TGM1 injected NSG mouse slowly progresses myeloma and develops more severe MMBD than the C57BL/KaLwRij model