2,356 research outputs found

    Compressive Nonparametric Graphical Model Selection For Time Series

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    We propose a method for inferring the conditional indepen- dence graph (CIG) of a high-dimensional discrete-time Gaus- sian vector random process from finite-length observations. Our approach does not rely on a parametric model (such as, e.g., an autoregressive model) for the vector random process; rather, it only assumes certain spectral smoothness proper- ties. The proposed inference scheme is compressive in that it works for sample sizes that are (much) smaller than the number of scalar process components. We provide analytical conditions for our method to correctly identify the CIG with high probability.Comment: to appear in Proc. IEEE ICASSP 201

    Influence of Alkali Ions on Tribological Properties of Silicon Surface

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    Tribological properties of surfaces (friction, adhesion and wear) provide challenging limitations to the design of reliable machines on the micro- and nanometer scale as the surface to volume area increases and volume, mass and inertia of the mobile parts decrease. This study reports on the reduction in the friction force of silicon surfaces after the alkali metal ion exposure in the form of aqueous solutions. A scanning force microscope equipped with a liquid cell was used to investigate the friction force and the pull-off force of a flat silicon surface immersed in water and in different alkali metal chlorides solutions: LiCl, NaCl and CsCl. The concentration ranged from 0.1 up to 1000 ”mol/l. The changes in the free surface energy of the initial surface and of the modified surfaces after drying were determined from contact angle measurements and from the acid–base adhesion theory. In both cases, in the liquid environment and after drying of the exposed silicon substrates in air, the friction force is reduced by approximately 50 %. Our results provide new, fundamental insight into the exchange of surface termination layers in particular for tribology. Also it is suggested to use the procedure as a low-cost alternative to improve the tribological properties of the silicon surface in particular in applications where lubricating fluids are not appropriate, e.g., in nanomachines and devices

    Jugend, Internet und Politik in Bayern

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    JUGEND, INTERNET UND POLITIK IN BAYERN Jugend, Internet und Politik in Bayern / Jung, Helmut [Textverf.] (Rights reserved) ( -

    QualitĂ€tsorientierte Integration technischer, pĂ€dagogisch-didaktischer und ökonomischer Systemkomponenten zur nachhaltigen Implementierung technologiegestĂŒtzter Bildungsservices

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    Bisherige ForschungsansĂ€tze der Bereiche QualitĂ€t, Technologie, PĂ€dagogik-Didaktik und Ökonomie fĂŒhrten trotz des Einsatzes umfangreicher finanzieller Mittel und personeller Ressourcen zu keiner nachhaltigen Implementierung von E-Learning. Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit verfolgt einen Ansatz, bei dem sie von konkreten Anforderungen an marktfĂ€hige Bildungsservices ausgehend, die Lösung zu einer nachhaltigen Implementierung erarbeitet. Dabei positioniert sie die qualitativen AnsprĂŒche eines Lerners und ökonomische Erfordernisse als zentrale Anforderungsinstanzen. Der eingeschlagene Lösungsweg setzt auf einen neuen integrierenden Ansatz, bei dem die QualitĂ€t als Integrationsebene fĂŒr technische, pĂ€dagogisch-didaktische und ökonomische Systemkomponenten dient. Diesem entwickelten QualitĂ€tsansatz folgt eine Transformation in ein auf die BedĂŒrfnisse der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung adaptiertes GeschĂ€ftsmodell. Sie beschreibt eine vollstĂ€ndige Prozesskette zur Generierung und zum Angebot technologiegestĂŒtzter Bildungsservices. Ein angepasstes Partnerkonzept und die Umsetzung des Modells in Organisationseinheiten runden die konzeptionellen Modellbetrachtungen ab. Ein an realen Marktbedingungen orientierter GeschĂ€ftsplan verdeutlicht das Potenzial des gewĂ€hlten Ansatzes bezĂŒglich einer deutlichen Kostenreduktion und gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der LernqualitĂ€t. Abschließend liefert diese Arbeit einen Einblick in die Grundlagen zum Calculation Object Model (COM), welches das traditionell sehr verbreitete ABC-Kostenverfahren deutlich vereinfacht und beim Einsatz in Bildungsszenarien zur ROI-Bestimmung signifikante Vorteile besitzt.Previous research approaches of the areas of quality, technology, education didactics and economy did not lead to any lasting implementation of E-Learning. The scientific work of Helmut W. Jung describes an innovative approach which starts from concrete requirements on marketable educational services. It places the qualitative claims of a learner and economic requirements as the central request authorities. The developped solution is a new integrating approach at which the quality serves as an integration instrument for technical, didactical and economical system components. A transformation into a business model oriented at the needs of the professional education and further education follows the developed quality model. It describes a complete E-Learning process chain, an adapted partner concept and the translation of the model into organisation units. A business plan - orientated at real market conditions - clarifies the potential of the chosen approach regarding cost reduction and simultaneous improvement of the teaching and learning quality. At last the work delivers an insight into the bases for the Calculation Object Model (COM) which one simplifies the traditionally very common ABC costing. COM delievers significant ROI advantages into education scenarios

    Arbeiten zur stereoselektiven Synthese von Myrtucommulonen

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    Myrtucommulone, die erstmals 1974 aus den Extrakten von Myrtus communis isoliert wurden, gehören zu einer interessanten Klasse von pharmakologisch aktiven Naturstoffen. Sie weisen eine Vielzahl von potentiellen Anwendungsgebieten in der Behandlung von Schmerzen, EntzĂŒndungen und als mögliches Krebsmedikament auf. Die stereoselektive Synthese der Myrtucommulone bleibt eine große Herausforderung, weil die Edukte neben einer sehr hohen ReaktivitĂ€t auch einen enormen sterischen Anspruch besitzen. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue alternative Syntheserouten fĂŒr eine asymmetrische Myrtucommulonsynthese untersucht, indem die Ausgangsmaterialien strukturell modifiziert wurden. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde versucht, eine eigene Synthesestrategie fĂŒr die Totalsynthese von Myrtucommulon E zu entwickeln. Hierzu wurde versucht, die Zyklisierung zu gewinkelten Produkten innerhalb der Zyklodehydratisierung zu forcieren. Schließlich wurde eine mögliche Syntheseroute eines Amin-haltigen Myrtucommulons gezeigt, die als Ausgangspunkt fĂŒr biologische Studien als Antibiotikum gegen Gram-negative Bakterien fungieren könnte.Myrtucommulones, which were isolated from extracts of Myrtus communis in 1974, belong to an interesting class of pharmacologically active natural compounds. They provide a wide range of potential treatments against pain, inflammation and cancer. Their stereoselective synthesis is still challenging because the starting materials are highly reactive and sterically hindered at the same time. In this work, we investigated alternative routes towards asymmetric synthesis of myrtucommulone A by modification of the starting materials. In addition, we tried to create an own synthetic strategy for the total synthesis of myrtucommulone E by enforcement of the formation of angular cyclic products during cyclodehydration. At least, a possible synthetic route towards an amine-containing myrtucommulone derivate for biological evaluations as an agent against gram-negative bacteria strains is shown

    Surface and deep water changes in the subpolar North Atlantic during Termination II and the Last Interglaciation

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    To reconstruct the history of water mass exchange between the NE Atlantic and the Nordic seas, sediment cores from ∌2 km water depth were studied across Termination II (TII) and through the last interglaciation (MIS5e). During early TII the sudden appearance of the low-latitude planktonic foraminifera Beella megastoma is noted in both regions along with a steep decrease in benthic foraminiferal ÎŽ18O. Since other proxies indicate that surface waters were cold and stratified because of meltwater, conditions which prevented near-surface thermohaline circulation and vertical convection in the Nordic seas, water mass exchange between the two areas occurred at the subsurface. During later TII, surface conditions changed, and this subsurface circulation style was eventually replaced by vertical convection. In the Nordic seas, B. megastoma vanished from the record together with ice-rafted debris (IRD) at the end of TII, while subpolar foraminiferal abundance rose. Peak interglacial conditions with intensive vertical convection now fully developed, generating a bottom water temperature gradient of ∌4°C between the two areas. However, surface water temperatures deteriorated in the Nordic seas already notably before IRD recurred, and ÎŽ18O increased at the end of MIS5e
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