Experimental Study on the Evaluation of Necking and Fracture Strains in Sheet Metal Forming Processes

In this paper the formability of AA2024-T3 metal sheets is experimentally analyzed. For this purpose, a series of StretchBending and Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) tests are carried out. The former tests allow determine the formability limits through the evaluation of necking and fracture using the optical deformation measurement system ARAMIS® and measuring the thickness strains along the fracture line. The latter are performed with the aim of confirming the validity of these limits. In this case, the spifability, formability in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), was studied in the light of circle grid analysis by means of the 3D deformation digital measurement system ARGUS®. Different punch diameters are used in both processes. The results exhibit the importance of the accuracy in the setting of the formability limits as well as the variability that these limits present depending on the forming process or some variables such as the tool radius.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPI 2009-1333

Apoyo público e innovación a nivel de firmas

This article intends to contribute to the analyses of the effects of public policies on innovation at the firm level, based on the case of a small developing economy (Uruguay). It studies the relation between public support and the probability of innovating at the market level, introducing a lag between support and innovation. The econometric analysis uses binomial Probit models with Heckman sampling bias correction. The article concludes that public support matters for innovation at the market level, whether by stimulating innovation or by facilitating it in already innovative firms.  Moreover, the innovation activities of Uruguayan firms receiving public support do not seem to require a long time to develop. Finally, it is suggested that the relation between firm internationalization and the probability of innovating be further studied. Resumen: Este artículo pretende aportar a la literatura que analiza los efectos de las políticas públicas sobre la innovación a nivel de firmas, a partir del caso de una pequeña economía en desarrollo, Uruguay. Analiza la relación entre apoyo público y probabilidad de innovar para el mercado, e introduce un rezago entre el apoyo otorgado y la innovación realizada, de manera de valorar rezago en el impacto. El análisis econométrico utiliza Probit binomiales con corrección de Heckman, para corregir sesgos de selección. Se concluye que los apoyos públicos importan a los efectos de innovar para el mercado, ya sea porque estimulan la innovación o porque la facilitan en empresas que ya innovan. Asimismo, las actividades de innovación de empresas asociadas a apoyos públicos, en Uruguay, no parecen requerir de largo tiempo de maduración. Finalmente, se sugiere profundizar el estudio de la relación entre internacionalización de las empresas y probabilidad de innovar. Palabras claves: innovación, subsidios, evaluación de política.Title: Public support and innovation at the firm levelThis article intends to contribute to the analyses of the effects of public policies on innovation at the firm level, based on the case of a small developing economy (Uruguay). It studies the relation between public support and the probability of innovating at the market level, introducing a lag between support and innovation. The econometric analysis uses binomial Probit models with Heckman sampling bias correction. The article concludes that public support matters for innovation at the market level, whether by stimulating innovation or by facilitating it in already innovative firms. Moreover, the innovation activities of Uruguayan firms receiving public support do not seem to require a long time to develop. Finally, it is suggested that the relation between firm internationalization and the probability of innovating be further studied. Keywords: innovation, subsidies, policy evaluation

Self-trapped Exciton and Franck-Condon Spectra Predicted in LaMnO3_3

Because the ground state has cooperative Jahn-Teller order, electronic excitations in LaMnO$_3$ are predicted to self-trap by local rearrangement of the lattice. The optical spectrum should show a Franck-Condon series, that is, a Gaussian envelope of vibrational sidebands. Existing data are reinterpreted in this way. The Raman spectrum is predicted to have strong multiphonon features.Comment: 5 pages with two embedded postscript figure

Inversión Reciente en Uruguay: ¿Hacia un Desarrollo Sostenible?

Este trabajo pretende aportar una primera aproximación sectorial al impacto de la inversión promovida en Uruguay entre 2010 y 2014 sobre el patrón de innovación y el mercado de trabajo. Desde una perspectiva de desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo, se concluye que la inversión promovida no se asocia con ningún patrón de innovación de las empresas a nivel sectorial, ni con variables que hacen al mercado laboral. Se identifican resultados primarios que muestran una asociación de los sectores con mayor inversión promovida en el período, con origen del capital, tamaño de las empresas, mayor productividad y promedio salarial del sector

Senescence atlas reveals an aged-like inflamed niche that blunts muscle regeneration.

Tissue regeneration requires coordination between resident stem cells and local niche cells1,2. Here we identify that senescent cells are integral components of the skeletal muscle regenerative niche that repress regeneration at all stages of life. The technical limitation of senescent-cell scarcity3 was overcome by combining single-cell transcriptomics and a senescent-cell enrichment sorting protocol. We identified and isolated different senescent cell types from damaged muscles of young and old mice. Deeper transcriptome, chromatin and pathway analyses revealed conservation of cell identity traits as well as two universal senescence hallmarks (inflammation and fibrosis) across cell type, regeneration time and ageing. Senescent cells create an aged-like inflamed niche that mirrors inflammation associated with ageing (inflammageing4) and arrests stem cell proliferation and regeneration. Reducing the burden of senescent cells, or reducing their inflammatory secretome through CD36 neutralization, accelerates regeneration in young and old mice. By contrast, transplantation of senescent cells delays regeneration. Our results provide a technique for isolating in vivo senescent cells, define a senescence blueprint for muscle, and uncover unproductive functional interactions between senescent cells and stem cells in regenerative niches that can be overcome. As senescent cells also accumulate in human muscles, our findings open potential paths for improving muscle repair throughout life.We thank M. Jardí, A. Navarro, J. M. Ballestero, K. Slobodnyuk, M. González, J. López and M. Raya for their technical contributions; A. Harada and K. Tanaka for assistance in ATAC-seq; all of the members of the P.M.-C. laboratory for discussions; J. Campisi for p16-3MR mice; J. A. Fernández-Blanco (PRBB Animal Facility); O. Fornas (UPF/CRG FACS Facility); E. Rebollo (IBMB Molecular Imaging Platform); V. A. Raker for manuscript editing; and the members of the Myoage network (A. Maier) for human material. We acknowledge funding from MINECO-Spain (RTI2018-096068, to P.M.-C. and E.P.); ERC-2016-AdG-741966, LaCaixa-HEALTHHR17-00040, MDA, UPGRADE-H2020-825825, AFM, DPP-Spain, Fundació La MaratóTV3-80/19- 202021 and MWRF to P.M.-C.; Fundació La MaratóTV3-137/38-202033 to A.L.S.; Maria-de-Maeztu ́ Program for Units of Excellence to UPF (MDM-2014-0370) and Severo-Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence to CNIC (SEV-2015-0505). This work was also supported by JST-CREST JPMJCR16G1 and MEXT/JSPS JP20H00456/18H05527 to Y.O.; the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502) to M.A.E.; V.M. and A.C. were supported by FPI and Maria-de-Maeztu predoctoral fellowships, respectively, and V.S. by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie individual fellowship. Parts of the figures were drawn using pictures from Servier Medical Art. Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0/).S

Bone marrow CD169+ macrophages promote the retention of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the mesenchymal stem cell niche

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized bone marrow (BM) niches regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Here, we have examined whether mononuclear phagocytes modulate the HSC niche. We defined three populations of BM mononuclear phagocytes that include Gr-1hi monocytes (MOs), Gr-1lo MOs, and macrophages (MΦ) based on differential expression of Gr-1, CD115, F4/80, and CD169. Using MO and MΦ conditional depletion models, we found that reductions in BM mononuclear phagocytes led to reduced BM CXCL12 levels, the selective down-regulation of HSC retention genes in Nestin+ niche cells, and egress of HSCs/progenitors to the bloodstream. Furthermore, specific depletion of CD169+ MΦ, which spares BM MOs, was sufficient to induce HSC/progenitor egress. MΦ depletion also enhanced mobilization induced by a CXCR4 antagonist or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. These results highlight two antagonistic, tightly balanced pathways that regulate maintenance of HSCs/progenitors in the niche during homeostasis, in which MΦ cross talk with the Nestin+ niche cell promotes retention, and in contrast, SNS signals enhance egress. Thus, strategies that target BM MΦ hold the potential to augment stem cell yields in patients that mobilize HSCs/progenitors poorly

Characteristics of Patients Who Visit the Emergency Department with Self-Inflicted Injury

During visits to emergency medical facilities, the primary care of and risk identification for individuals who have attempted suicide is considered an important element in suicide prevention. With the ultimate goal of helping to prevent suicide, the aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of patients with self-inflicted injuries who presented in the emergency department. Patients with self-inflicted injuries who visited 1 of 3 sentinel emergency medical centers from 2007 through 2009 were included in the study. The characteristics, methods, and reasons for suicide attempts were evaluated. Moreover, predictors of severe outcomes were evaluated. A total of 2,996 patients with self-inflicted injuries visited the three centers during a period of 3 yr. The male-to-female suicide ratio was 1:1.38 (P < 0.001). The mean age was 41 yr. Poisoning was the most common method of self-inflicted injury (68.7%) among all age groups. Medication was the primary means of injury in the < 50 age group, and the use of agricultural chemicals was the primary means in the ≥ 50 age group. The reasons for attempting suicide varied among the age groups. The predictors of severe outcome are male gender, older age, and not having consumed alcohol

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) : 64th Plenary Report (PLEN-20-02)

The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) held its 64th plenary as a virtual meeting from 6-10 July 2020.-- 128 pagesCommission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar discipline