Dualities and Discretizations of Integrable Quantum Field Theories from 4d Chern-Simons Theory

We elucidate the relationship between 2d integrable field theories and 2d integrable lattice models, in the framework of the 4d Chern-Simons theory. The 2d integrable field theory is realized by coupling the 4d theory to multiple 2d surface order defects, each of which is then discretized into 1d defects. We find that the resulting defects can be dualized into Wilson lines, so that the lattice of discretized defects realizes integrable lattice models. Our discretization procedure works systematically for a broad class of integrable models (including trigonometric and elliptic models), and uncovers a rich web of new dualities among integrable field theories. We also study the anomaly-inflow mechanism for the integrable models, which is required for the quantum integrability of field theories. By analyzing the anomalies of chiral defects, we derive a new set of bosonization dualities between generalizations of massless Thirring models and coupled Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) models. We study an embedding of our setup into string theory, where the thermodynamic limit of the lattice models is realized by polarizations of D-branes.Comment: 145 pages, 22 figure

The nanoparticulation by octaarginine-modified liposome improves α-galactosylceramide-mediated antitumor therapy via systemic administration

AbstractAlpha-galactosylceramide (αGC), a lipid antigen present on CD1d molecules, is predicted to have clinical applications as a new class of adjuvant, because αGC strongly activates natural killer T (NKT) cells which produce large amounts of IFN-γ. Here, we incorporated αGC into stearylated octaarginine-modified liposomes (R8-Lip), our original delivery system developed for vaccines, and investigated the effect of nanoparticulation. Unexpectedly, the systemic administered R8-Lip incorporating αGC (αGC/R8-Lip) failed to improve the immune responses mediated by αGC compared with soluble αGC in vivo, although αGC/R8-Lip drastically enhanced αGC presentation on CD1d in antigen presenting cells in vitro. Thus, we optimized the αGC/R8-Lip in vivo to overcome this inverse correlation. In optimization in vivo, we found that size control of liposome and R8-modification were critical for enhancing the production of IFN-γ. The optimization led to the accumulation of αGC/R8-Lip in the spleen and a positive therapeutic effect against highly malignant B16 melanoma cells. The optimized αGC/R8-Lip also enhanced αGC presentation on CD1d in antigen presenting cells and resulted in an expansion in the population of NKT cells. Herein, we show that R8-Lip is a potent delivery system, and size control and R8-modification in liposomal construction are promising techniques for achieving systemic αGC therapy

Is light quality involved in the regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus in attached rice leaves?

Abstract The regulatory effect of light quality on the photosynthetic apparatus in attached leaves of rice plants was investigated by keeping rice plants under natural light, in complete darkness, or under illumination with light of different colors. When leaves were left in darkness and farred (FR)-light conditions for 6 days at 30°C, there was an initial lag in chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl a/b ratio, and maximum photosystem (PS) II photochemistry that lasted until the second day; these then rapidly decreased on the fourth day. In contrast, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) rapidly disappeared with no lag under low or zero light conditions. By using spectrophotometric quantitation, it was determined that the PSII and PSI reaction centers were regulated by light quality, but cytochrome (Cyt) f was regulated by light intensity. However, the PSII heterogeneity was also strongly modified by the light intensity; PSIIa with the large antenna decreased markedly both in content and in antenna size. Consequently, the PSIIa/PSI ratio declined under FR-light because the low intensity of FR-light dominated over its quality in the modulation of the PSIIa/PSI ratio. An imbalance between them induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), although the ROS were scavenged by stromal enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). The activities of these stromal enzymes are also regulated by light quality. Thus, although the photosynthetic apparatus is regulated differently depending on light quality, light quality may play an important role in the regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus

Использование возможностей практико-ориентированного обучения в процессе развития интеллектуальных способностей слушателей факультета профориентации и довузовской подготовки

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯОБРАЗОВАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕСТУДЕНТЫ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙПРАКТИКО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ СПОСОБНОСТИСЛУШАТЕЛИСЛУШАТЕЛИ ФПД

EFSO at different geographical locations verified with observing-system experiments

ひとつひとつの観測データが気象予測に与える影響を簡易に評価する手法を確認 --北極の観測データは7日先の北米気象予測の改善に貢献することも明らかに--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-04-30.An ensemble-based forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO) diagnosis has been implemented in an atmospheric general circulation model–ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system to estimate the impacts of specific observations from the quasi-operational global observing system on weekly short-range forecasts. It was examined whether EFSO reasonably approximates the impacts of a subset of observations from specific geographical locations for 6-hour forecasts, and how long the 6-hour observation impacts can be retained during the 7-day forecast period. The reference for these forecasts was obtained from 12 data denial experiments in each of which a subset of three radiosonde observations launched from a geographical location was excluded. The 12 locations were selected from three latitudinal bands comprising (i) four Arctic regions, (ii) four midlatitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere, and (iii) four tropical regions during the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2015/16. The estimated winter-averaged EFSO-derived observation impacts well corresponded to the 6-hour observation impacts obtained by the data denials and EFSO could reasonably estimate the observation impacts by the data denials on short-range (6-hour to 2-day) forecasts. Furthermore, during the medium-range (4-day to 7-day) forecasts, it was found that the Arctic observations tend to seed the broadest impacts and their short-range observation impacts could be projected to beneficial impacts in Arctic and midlatitude North American areas. The midlatitude area located just downstream of dynamical propagation from the Arctic toward the midlatitudes. Results obtained by repeated Arctic data-denial experiments were found to be generally common to those from the non-repeated experiments