Quantum Decoherence of Two Qubits

It is commonly stated that decoherence in open quantum systems is due to growing entanglement with an environment. In practice, however, surprisingly often decoherence may equally well be described by random unitary dynamics without invoking a quantum environment at all. For a single qubit, for instance, pure decoherence (or phase damping) is always of random unitary type. Here, we construct a simple example of true quantum decoherence of two qubits: we present a feasible phase damping channel of which we show that it cannot be understood in terms of random unitary dynamics. We give a very intuitive geometrical measure for the positive distance of our channel to the convex set of random unitary channels and find remarkable agreement with the so-called Birkhoff defect based on the norm of complete boundedness.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Analisis Asam Lemak Dalam Minyak Kelapa Murni Menggunakan Derivatisasi Katalis Basa

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis asam lemak dari minyak kelapa murni dengan menggunakan teknik derivatisasi basa dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis metil ester asam lemak dengan kromatografi gas. Sampel minyak kelapa diderivatisasi dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH dalam metanol, dipanaskan dan dinetralisir dengan HCl. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa metode ini sangat baik oleh karena seluruh minyak terderivatisasi. Kandungan asam lemak yang dilakukan dengan teknik external standard menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi masing – masing asam lemak pada sampel minyak kelapa murni adalah kaprilat 6,11 mg/mL, kaprat 3,85 mg/mL, laurat 25,75 mg/mL, miristat 9,84 mg/mL, palmitat 4,45 mg/mL, stearat 1,36 mg/mL, oleat 3,94 mg/mL, linoleat 0,69 mg/mL.A research had been conducted to analyze the fatty acid in virgin coconut oil using derivatization with base catalizator followed by gas chromatographic analysis. Oil sample was derivatized using NaOH solution in methanol, heated and netralized by HCl. The result showed that this derivatization method was very good because all the oil sample was derivatized. The fatty acid analysis determined using external standard showed concentration of each fatty acids in virgin coconut oil sample is caprylic 6,11 mg/mL, capric 3,85 mg/mL, lauric 25,75 mg/mL, myristic 9,84 mg/mL, palmitic 4,45 mg/mL, stearic 1,36 mg/mL, oleic 3,94 mg/mL, linoleic 0,69 mg/mL

Correlation between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and septic shock in children

Background The crucial role cytokines play in the pathophysiology of sepsis is widely accepted. Infection stimulates the production of cytokines in various cell types. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is one of the most extensively investigated cytokines in experimental and clinical sepsis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha has been shown to mediate lethality in experimental sepsis. Objective To evaluate for a possible correlation between TNF-a level and septic shock in children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Manado from June to September 2011. A total of 40 patients with a recent diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock were included. Plasma specimens were collected from subjects for measurement of TNF-a concentration. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between TNF-a level and sepsis, as well as the probability of shock in children with sepsis, with P<0.05 as statistically significant. Results There was a strong positive correlation between TNF-a level and the probability of shock in children with sepsis (regression coefficient = 0. 78, P = 0.002). Conclusions There is a strong positive correlation between TNF-a level with the probability of shock in children with sepsis. Higher plasma level ofTNF-a is associated with higher probability of septic shock

Desain 8 Bit R3R Ladder Digital to Analog Converter

Metode R3R merupakan pengembangan dari metode R2R yang digunakan sebagai pengubah sinyal digital ke analog. Penelitian dengan metode R3R dilakukan untuk membuat desain dan anlisis sistem yang berbasis teknologi CMOS 1.2 um. sehingga dihasilkan inovasi pengembangan Integrated Circuit dengan melihat kinerja digital to analaog converter berupa disipasi daya yang relatif rendah serta linearitas yang dapat diandalkan dengan memperhatikan parameter pada DAC yaitu DNL dan INL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain R3R digital to analog converter dengan menggunakan teknologi 1,2 um menghasilkan sebuah digital to analog converter dengan spesifikasi penguatan frekuensi: 65.876 dB, GB.W (Gain Bandwidth ) sebesar 2.0012 MHz, SR (Slew Rate) sebesar 31,862 v/s, CMRR sebesar 70 dB, PSRR sebesar 81.681 dB. Disipasi daya 3.32 mW. Ayunan tegangan keluaran: -4.985 v sampai dengan 4.549 v serta dalam pegujian kinerja dari hasil konversi hasil Voutmax = 2.9716 v, rata-rata DNL sebesar 0.00138 LSB dan nilai rata-rata INL sebesar 0.306LSB.Kata Kunci—DAC, DNL, INL, Disipasi Daya

Differential calculus and gauge transformations on a deformed space

Deformed gauge transformations on deformed coordinate spaces are considered for any Lie algebra. The representation theory of this gauge group forces us to work in a deformed Lie algebra as well. This deformation rests on a twisted Hopf algebra, thus we can represent a twisted Hopf algebra on deformed spaces. That leads to the construction of Lagrangian invariant under a twisted Lie algebra.Comment: 14 pages, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation Journal, Obregon's Festschrift 2006, V2: misprints correcte

Karakteristik Tcr Dan Vcr Resistor Pasta Resistor Pada Substrat Alumina Dengan Teknologi Film Tebal

Resistor merupakan komponen yang sangat berperan dalam rangkaian film tebal. Resistor berteknologi film tebal mempunyai karakteristik yang terdiri dari TCR (Temperature Coefficient of Resistance) dan VCR (Voltage Coefficient of Resistance). Dari alasan di atas maka perlu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembuatan resistor film tebal dan mengetahui karakteristiknya.Penelitian ini menggunakan proses screen printing dalam pembuatan resistor yang kemudian melalui proses pengendapan (15 menit), drying (15 menit), firing (7 menit) dan kemudian didiamkan pada suhu ruangan(5 menit) dan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya Malang.Rata–rata nilai VCR terbesar dihasilkan oleh resistor(Rs = 10,37 Ω/□) dengan screen T150 pada aspek rasio 5/1 sebesar -18,87%/V. Rata–rata nilai VCR terkecil dihasilkan oleh resistor(Rs = 1,023KΩ/□) dengan screen T200 pada aspek rasio 1/1 sebesar 10417%/V. Rata–rata nilai TCR terbesar resistor dihasilkan oleh resistor(Rs = 10,37 Ω/□) dengan screen T180 pada aspek rasio 1/1 sebesar831,58ppm/˚C. Rata–rata nilai TCR terkecil dihasilkan oleh resistor(Rs = 1,023KΩ/□) dengan screen T150 pada aspek rasio 5/1 sebesar 212,70ppm/˚C .VCR yang didapatkan rata – rata bernilai negatif (-) sehingga setiap kenaikan tegangan menyebabkan penurunan nilai resistansi pada resistor film tebal berbahan palladium. TCR yang didapatkan rata – rata hasil yang bernilai positif (+) sehingga setiap kenaikan suhu menyebabkan penaikan nilai resistansi pada resistor atau disebut sebagai koefisien suhu positif

Recent Improvements to the Acoustical Testing Laboratory at the NASA Glenn Research Center

The Acoustical Testing Laboratory (ATL) consists of a 27 by 23 by 20 ft (height) convertible hemi/anechoic chamber and separate sound-attenuating test support enclosure. Absorptive fiberglass wedges in the test chamber provide an anechoic environment down to 100 Hz. A spring-isolated floor system affords vibration isolation above 3 Hz. These specifications, along with very low design background levels, enable the acquisition of accurate and repeatable acoustical measurements on test articles that produce very low sound pressures. Removable floor wedges allow the test chamber to operate in either a hemi-anechoic or anechoic configuration, depending on the size of the test article and the specific test being conducted. The test support enclosure functions as a control room during normal operations. Recently improvements were accomplished in support of continued usage of the ATL by NASA programs including an analysis of the ultra-sonic characteristics. A 3 dimensional traverse system inside the chamber was utilized for acquiring acoustic data for these tests. The traverse system drives a linear array of 13, 1/4"-microphones spaced 3" apart (36" span). An updated data acquisition system was also incorporated into the facility

Participatory survey of risk factors and pathways for Rift Valley fever in pastoral and agropastoral communities of Uganda

To assess pastoralists’ and agropastoralists’ knowledge on Rift Valley fever (RVF), participatory epidemiological studies were conducted with 215 livestock keepers and 27 key informants in Napak, Butebo, Isingiro and Lyantonde districts, Uganda, between January and February 2022. Livestock keepers in all four districts had knowledge of RVF and even had local names or descriptions for it. Pastoralists and agropastoralists possessed valuable knowledge of RVF clinical descriptions and epidemiological risk factors such as the presence of infected mosquitoes, living in flood-prone areas, and excessive rainfall. RVF was ranked among the top ten most important cattle diseases. Pastoralists called RVF Lonyang, symbolizing a disease associated with jaundice, high fever, abortions in pregnant cows, and sudden death in calves. Key informants identified infected domestic animals, the presence of infected mosquitoes, livestock movement and trade, and infected wild animals as risk pathways for the introduction of RVF into an area. Drinking raw blood and milk was perceived as the most likely pathway for human exposure to RVF virus; while the highest consequence was high treatment costs. The results indicate that pastoralists provided key epidemiological information that could be essential for designing an effective national RVF surveillance and early warning system