TAMIZAJE CERVICOUTERINO USANDO PAPANICOLAOU EN MUJERES DE BARRIOS MARGINALES DE LA REGION LORETO

oai:ojs.ucp.edu.pe:article/1La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo conocer la frecuencia de las mujeres portadoras de lesiones producidas por la infección con Papiloma Virus Humano en las zonas y lugares de difícil acceso geográfico en la región Loreto, donde escasean los recursos y las posibilidades de acceder al servicio de salud sexual y reproductiva son difíciles. Se usó para ello la prueba de Papanicolaou como tamizaje de dichas lesiones. Con ello se pretende reforzar la gestión para la obtención de vacunas contra el PVH, para la nueva generación de mujeres de Loreto; capacitación a los profesionales obstetras para reforzar el manejo en el tratamiento y reducción del cáncer de cuello uterino de la región Loreto. Este estudio tiene un Diseño descriptivo transversal. Se realizó teniendo como estratégica básica los Barridos de Papanicolaou entre los años 2008 y 2009. Se realizaron cientos de intervenciones, lográndose sensibilizar a 25,000 mujeres en Loreto, utilizando la estrategia de Promoción de la Salud, el perifoneo, volanteo, charlas educativas, 5,000 visitas domiciliarias, entre otras. De las 2000 mujeres estudiadas 348 tuvieron algún tipo de normalidad de las células epiteliales. En 45 casos se encontró lesiones intra epiteliales de alto grado ó carcinoma escamoso invasivo

“EL AGUAJAL”: EL BOSQUE DE LA VIDA EN LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA

En este artículo se presenta el ecosistema forestal más remarcable de la Amazonía peruana: el “Aguajal”, llamado por los pueblos indígenas el “bosque de la vida”, de donde ellos extraen una gran diversidad de productos para su alimentación, medicina, construcción, ritos y arte tradicional, entre otros. Se presenta recomendaciones para su uso sostenible, el mismo que se sustenta sólidamente en la  viabilidad económica. Sin embargo, se valoran también los aspectos sociales, culturales y ecológicos del aguajal, los mismos que reflejan los múltiples usos que hacen de este ecosistema las poblaciones indígenas. La investigación se llevó  a cabo en la región Loreto dentro del marco del Programa El Hombre y la Biosfera de la UNESCO

“El aguajal”: el bosque de la vida en la amazonía peruana

En este artículo se presenta el ecosistema forestal más remarcable de la Amazonía peruana: el “Aguajal”, llamado por los pueblos indígenas el “bosque de la vida”, de donde ellos extraen una gran diversidad de productos para su alimentación, medicina, construcción, ritos y arte tradicional, entre otros. Se presenta recomendaciones para su uso sostenible, el mismo que se sustenta sólidamente en la  viabilidad económica. Sin embargo, se valoran también los aspectos sociales, culturales y ecológicos del aguajal, los mismos que reflejan los múltiples usos que hacen de este ecosistema las poblaciones indígenas. La investigación se llevó  a cabo en la región Loreto dentro del marco del Programa El Hombre y la Biosfera de la UNESCO

Taraxacum officinale and Urtica dioica extracts inhibit dengue virus serotype 2 replication in vitro

Abstract Background Urtica dioica, Taraxacum officinale, Calea integrifolia and Caesalpinia pulcherrima are widely used all over the world for treatment of different illnesses. In Mexico, these plants are traditionally used to alleviate or counteract rheumatism and inflammatory muscle diseases. In the present study we evaluated the activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of these four plants, on the replication of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2). Methods Extraction process was carried out in a Soxtherm® system at 60, 85 and 120 °C; a chemical fractionation in silica gel chromatography was performed and compounds present in the active fractions were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The cytotoxic concentration and the inhibitory effect of extracts or fractions on the DENV2 replication were analyzed in the BHK-21 cell line (plaque forming assay). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated for the extracts and fractions. Results The methanolic extracts at 60 °C of T. officinale and U. dioica showed the higher inhibitory effects on DENV2 replication. After the chemical fractionation, the higher activity fraction was found for U. dioica and T. officinale, presenting IC50 values of 165.7 ± 3.85 and 126.1 ± 2.80 μg/ml, respectively; SI values were 5.59 and 6.01 for each fraction. The compounds present in T. officinale, were luteolin and caffeoylquinic acids derivatives and quercertin diclycosides. The compounds in the active fraction of U. dioica, were, chlorogenic acid, quercertin derivatives and flavonol glycosides (quercetin and kaempferol). Conclusions Two fractions from U. dioica and T. officinale methanolic extracts with anti-dengue activity were found. The compounds present in both fractions were identified, several recognized molecules have demonstrated activity against other viral species. Subsequent biological analysis of the molecules, alone or in combination, contained in the extracts will be carried out to develop therapeutics against DENV2

Effectiveness of PCR primers for the detection of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Mexican patients.

BACKGROUND:Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HVB) DNA in the liver of HBsAg negative individuals with or without detectable viral DNA in serum. OBI is a diagnostic challenge as it is characterized by a very low viral load, intermittently detectable through time. Individuals with OBI can develop chronic hepatic disease, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this work was to produce tools to improve OBI detection of the HVB genotypes prevalent in Mexico. METHODS:We designed and tested primers to detect OBI in serum samples by nested and real-time PCR. Conserved sites in the viral genome were determined by alignment of the most frequent HBV genotypes in Mexico (H, G/H, F and D) and primers spanning the entire viral genome were designed for first round and nested PCR. Primers were tested in serum samples of 45 patients not co-infected with hepatitis C virus or with HIV, out of a group of 116 HBsAg (-)/anti-HBc (+) individuals. Primers were also tested in a control group with chronic HBV. Nested PCR products obtained from HBsAg (-)/anti-HBc (+) were sequenced and used to design primers for real-time PCR (SYBR Green). RESULTS:The most effective primer pairs to detect HBV products by nested PCR targeted ORF regions: PreS2/P, S/P, X/PreC, and C; while by real-time PCR they targeted ORF regions PreS2/P, S/P, X, and C. Out of the 45 HBsAg (-)/anti-HBc (+) patients tested, the viral genome was detected in 28 (62.2%) and 34 (75.5%), with nPCR and real-time PCR respectively. CONCLUSION:Primers designed for real-time PCR detected up to 75.5% of suspected OBI Mexican patients, with or without liver disease, which represents an improvement from previous PCR strategies

Promoter polymorphisms of ST3GAL4 and ST6GAL1 genes and associations with risk of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix

"Sialyltransferase gene expression is altered in several cancers, including examples in the cervix. Transcriptional regulation of the responsible genes depends on different promoters. We aimed to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the B3 promoter of the ST3GAL4 gene and the P1 promoter of the ST6GAL1 gene with cervical premalignant lesions or cervical cancer. A blood sample and/or cervical scrapes were obtained from 104 women with normal cytology, 154 with premalignant lesions and 100 with cervical cancer. We also included 119 blood samples of random donors. The polymorphisms were identified by sequencing from PCR products. For the B3 promoter, a fragment of 506 bp (from nucleotide -408 to +98) was analyzed, and for the P1 promoter a 490 bp (-326 to +164) fragment. The polymorphism analysis showed that at SNP rs10893506, genotypes CC and CT of the ST3GAL4 B3 promoter were associated with the presence of premalignant lesions (OR=2.89; 95%CI 1.72-4.85) and cervical cancer (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.27-3.91). We detected only one allele of each polymorphism in the ST6GAL1 P1 promoter. We did not detect any genetic variability in the P1 promoter region in our study population. Our results suggest that the rs10893506 polymorphism -22C/T may increase susceptibility to premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix"