Estimating lighting device inventories with the LANcube v2 multiangular radiometer

This paper is a technical report describing the use of an open source instrument called LANcube v2 to estimate a lighting devices inventory. The LANcube v2 is and instrument having 5 color sensitive sensors, each on a face of a cube. The instrument can be mounted on a car roof in order to create a map of the artificial light at night while roaming the streets and roads. Based on the temporal variations of the detected signal on various cube’s faces, we developed a method of finding the approximate position in 3D of each source. The lamp spectral types can be determined relatively well thanks to the color balance of the raw Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B), and Clear (C) color bands. If one assumes a typical angular photometry of a source with respect to its location, it is possible to estimate roughly its current luminous flux. Such information allows us to build a lighting devices inventory of a territory. One advantage of that new method is that it can provide information about the private sources that are always excluded from public lighting inventories. We compared the inventory extracted with that new methodology with an in situ lamp inventory made for two villages in Canada. This comparison allow us to emphasize the strengths and limitations of the method by comparing to the ground truth. We actually found that we were able to detect 99% of the sources with flux higher than 1000 lumen and located within 15 meters from the road. We also found that we generally overestimate the height of the devices by 21 to 51% depending on the lamp photometry. This overestimate surely reflect in an overestimate of the fluxes. Finally, we found that the proposed method is very efficient to recognize the spectral type of the devices with 99% of success

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Humanités numériques, corpus et sens

Ce Dossier s’attache aux humanités numériques et au sens en lien avec des corpus textuels. Les Échanges prolongent la discussion sur la narratologie et en ouvrent une nouvelle sur les valeurs. Les Notes de recherche traitent l’analyse informatisée de la critique de cinéma, la médiatisation du burn out, le traitement romanesque de la réalité historiographique, le témoignage dans la publicité et la transidentité dans la littérature érotique. En VO, Hartmut Rosa montre les facteurs structurels poussant les sociétés vers la croissance, l’innovation et l’accélération et présente une conception du bien-être, fondée sur la résonance. Les Notes de lecture rendent compte de publications dans le domaine de l’information-communication. This Issue studies the digital humanities and the meaning in relation to textual corpora. The Exchanges pursue the discussion on the narratology and open a new one on the values. The Research Notes cover the computerized analysis of movie review, the burn out’s mediatization, how the novels deal with the historical reality, the testimony in advertising and the transidentity in erotica. In Original Version (here, in English), Hartmut Rosa shows the structural features which lead the societies into growth, innovation and acceleration. He presents also an alternative conception of the good life, based on the concept of resonance. The Book Reviews offer succinct overviews and analyses of publications in the field of information and communication

Humanités numériques, corpus et sens

Ce Dossier s’attache aux humanités numériques et au sens en lien avec des corpus textuels. Les Échanges prolongent la discussion sur la narratologie et en ouvrent une nouvelle sur les valeurs. Les Notes de recherche traitent l’analyse informatisée de la critique de cinéma, la médiatisation du burn out, le traitement romanesque de la réalité historiographique, le témoignage dans la publicité et la transidentité dans la littérature érotique. En VO, Hartmut Rosa montre les facteurs structurels poussant les sociétés vers la croissance, l’innovation et l’accélération et présente une conception du bien-être, fondée sur la résonance. Les Notes de lecture rendent compte de publications dans le domaine de l’information-communication. This Issue studies the digital humanities and the meaning in relation to textual corpora. The Exchanges pursue the discussion on the narratology and open a new one on the values. The Research Notes cover the computerized analysis of movie review, the burn out’s mediatization, how the novels deal with the historical reality, the testimony in advertising and the transidentity in erotica. In Original Version (here, in English), Hartmut Rosa shows the structural features which lead the societies into growth, innovation and acceleration. He presents also an alternative conception of the good life, based on the concept of resonance. The Book Reviews offer succinct overviews and analyses of publications in the field of information and communication

An on-demand, drop-on-drop method for studying enzyme catalysis by serial crystallography.

Serial femtosecond crystallography has opened up many new opportunities in structural biology. In recent years, several approaches employing light-inducible systems have emerged to enable time-resolved experiments that reveal protein dynamics at high atomic and temporal resolutions. However, very few enzymes are light-dependent, whereas macromolecules requiring ligand diffusion into an active site are ubiquitous. In this work we present a drop-on-drop sample delivery system that enables the study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microcrystal slurries. The system delivers ligand solutions in bursts of multiple picoliter-sized drops on top of a larger crystal-containing drop inducing turbulent mixing and transports the mixture to the X-ray interaction region with temporal resolution. We demonstrate mixing using fluorescent dyes, numerical simulations and time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, which show rapid ligand diffusion through microdroplets. The drop-on-drop method has the potential to be widely applicable to serial crystallography studies, particularly of enzyme reactions with small molecule substrates

An on-demand, drop-on-drop method for studying enzyme catalysis by serial crystallography

Serial femtosecond crystallography has opened up many new opportunities in structural biology. In recent years, several approaches employing light-inducible systems have emerged to enable time-resolved experiments that reveal protein dynamics at high atomic and tem poral resolutions. However, very few enzymes are light-dependent, whereas macromolecules requiring ligand diffusion into an active site are ubiquitous. In this work we present a drop-on drop sample delivery system that enables the study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microcrystal slurries. The system delivers ligand solutions in bursts of multiple picoliter-sized drops on top of a larger crystal-containing drop inducing turbulent mixing and transports the mixture to the X-ray interaction region with temporal resolution. We demonstrate mixing using fluorescent dyes, numerical simulations and time-resolved serial femtosecond crys tallography, which show rapid ligand diffusion through microdroplets. The drop-on-drop method has the potential to be widely applicable to serial crystallography studies, particularly of enzyme reactions with small molecule substrates