The Facets of Social Hierarchy: How Judges’ Legitimacy Beliefs and Relative Status Shape Their Evaluation of Assertiveness and Ability

Contemporary approaches of impression formation and stereotypes celebrate the role of the Big Two in social evaluation: the horizontal and vertical dimensions (Abele et al., 2021). Recently, interest has grown in making further distinctions within each of these dimensions (Abele et al., 2008). Here, we focused on the vertical facets, namely, assertiveness and ability. Research found that assertiveness is more strongly related to a target’s status than ability. Arguably, this pattern emerges because assertiveness comes across as less negotiable, whereas ability leaves more room for appreciation. Building on this assumption, we reasoned that judgments of ability provide more opportunity to justify or to reclaim positive identity, depending on one’s position in the hierarchy. Specifically, we hypothesized that the legitimacy beliefs and status of the judges are key factors to consider in that they moderate the perceived overlap between the vertical facets. Using a novel paradigm based on Goodman et al.’s (2001) social ladder, Studies 1a and 1b relied on judges’ legitimacy beliefs as a proxy for status, whereas Studies 2 and 3 directly examined the judges’ relative status. As predicted, we consistently found more overlap between assertiveness and ability among highlegitimacy/status judges than among low-legitimacy/status judges. We discuss the importance of taking into account the more specific meaning of the facets

Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.publishedVersio

Tliuiae sacerdotes : the servants of Diana and the initiation of Aeneas

L'objet de cette thèse est de montrer en quoi l'Énéide constitue le récit de l'initiation royale d'Énée sous le patronage de Diane, la déesse latine de la souveraineté. L'épopée révèle sa dimension initiatique à travers sa triplicité - narrative et fonctionnelle -, en accord avec la théologie de la déesse initiatique, elle-même triple et trifonctionnelle. Chacun des niveaux fonctionnels de Diane est incarné par l'une de ses servantes : Didon (troisième fonction), la Sibylle (première fonction),Camille (deuxième fonction). Subissant les épreuves rencontrées dans les domaines sauvages et marginaux dont elles sont - au moins symboliquement - les maîtresses (Carthage, Cumes, le Latium), Énée se qualifie comme initié dans chaque fonction, ce qui lui permet d'accéder au statut d'être complet, trifonctionnel, idéal du roi indo-européen.The purpose of this thesis is to show how the Aeneid constitutes the account of the royal initiation of Aeneas under the patronage of Diana, the Latin goddess of sovereignty. The epic reveals its initiatory dimension through its narrative and functional triplicity, in accordance with the theology of the initiatory goddess, triple and trifunctional herself. Each of Diana's functional levels is embodied by one of her servants: Dido (third function), the Sibyl (first function), Camilla (second function). Subjected to the trials in the wild and marginal areas of which they are - at least symbolically - the mistresses (Carthage, Cumae, Latium), Aeneas qualifies as an initiate in every function, which allows him to access to the status of complete, trifunctional being, the ideal of the lndo-European king

Small hydro plant using Archimedes screw : modeling and performance analysis

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des microcentrales hydroélectriques à vis d’Archimède. Il s’agit dans ces travaux de proposer une solution alternative à l’hydroélectricité à petite échelle, en exploitant les ressources inutilisées telles que les petites rivières ou les cours d’eau. Ces microcentrales inversent le principe de fonctionnement de la pompe à vis d’Archimède. Elles exploitent la puissance hydraulique disponible dans les usines hydroélectriques de très basses chutes. A partir de l’état de l’art, un modèle numérique est établi pour estimer les rendements, la production d’énergie et la rentabilité pour un fonctionnement à vitesse variable des microcentrales hydroélectriques à vis d’Archimède. Les différents résultats théoriques et de simulation ont été validés expérimentalement sur le prototype de l’INSA de Strasbourg, développé dans le cadre de cette thèse. Enfin, des actions sont menées sur le prototype expérimental afin de maximiser le transfert d’énergie et de limiter les pertes. Pour finir, une stratégie MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tacking) très spécifique est développée et est actuellement en cours d’implémentation.This work focuses on a small hydro plant which uses the Archimedes screw. This is an alternative solution to smallscale hydropower as it employs unused resources such as small rivers or streams. Archimedes screw plants reverse the pump use principle and employ the available stream power for energy production in very low head application. Based on the state-of-the-art, a numerical model is established to estimate efficiencies, energy production and profitability of variable speed operations for a small hydro plant using Archimedes screw. Several theoretical results and simulations are proposed. We validated them experimentally on the prototype of INSA Strasbourg, developed within the framework of this thesis. Finally, actions carried out on the experimental prototype led to maximizing the transfer of energy and limiting losses. Then a very specific MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control strategy is developed and is currently being implemented

Non-stationary extreme value analysis applied to seismic fragility assessment for nuclear safety analysis

International audienc

The development of spasticity with age in 4,162 children with cerebral palsy : a register-based prospective cohort study

Background and purpose — Spasticity is often regarded as a major cause of functional limitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We analyzed the spasticity development with age in the gastrosoleus muscle in children with CP. Children and methods — This is a longitudinal cohort study of 4,162 children (57% boys) with CP born in 1990–2015, monitored using standardized follow-up examinations in the Swedish surveillance program for CP. The study is based on 57,953 measurements of spasticity of the gastrosoleus muscle assessed using the Ashworth scale (AS) in participants between 0 and 15 years of age. The spasticity was analyzed in relation to age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels using a linear mixed model. Development of spasticity with age was modeled as a linear spline. Results — The degree of spasticity increased in most children over the first 5 years of life. At 5 years of age, 38% had an AS level of ≥ 2. The spasticity then decreased for 65% of the children during the remaining study period. At 15 years of age only 22% had AS ≥ 2. The level of spasticity and the rate of increase and decrease before and after 5.5 years of age were higher in children at GMFCS IV–V. Interpretation — The degree of spasticity of the gastrosoleus muscle often decreases after 5 years of age, which is important for long-term treatment planning and should be considered in spasticity management

Identifying uncertainty contributions to the seismic fragility assessment of a nuclear reactor steam line

International audienceIn nuclear applications, fragility curves are an essential element of the seismic probabilistic safety assessment that is performed at the level of the power plant. These statistical tools establish the link between the probabilistic seismic hazard loading at the site and the required performance of the plant's safety functions. In this context, the fragility model formalized by Kennedy & Ravindra (1984) proposes to account for the aleatory randomness and the epistemic uncertainty generated by various sources of variability, such as the representation of the seismic input or the assumptions in the structural model and in the loading patterns. Therefore, this study investigates the relative contributions of such variables to the dispersion of the resulting fragility functions, while ensuring the separation between aleatory and epistemic uncertainty sources, as advocated by the standards in effect in the nuclear industry. To this end, a coupled model of a supporting structure and an anchored steam line is considered and computed with the finite-element CAST3M software (Rahni et al., 2017). The failure criterion is related to the exceedance of a given effort value at a point of the steam line corresponding to a vertical stop. A coupled of hundreds of three-component ground-motion records are applied at the base of the model, in order to perform non-linear time-history analyses. The record selection follows the conditional spectrum method (Lin et al., 2013), in order to scale the records while ensuring the hazard consistency, through the identification of reference earthquake scenarios for each predefined hazard level. As a result, dozens of ground-motion parameters are tested as potential intensity measures (IMs), with respect to state-of-the-art indicators measuring efficiency or sufficiency. Some couples of ground-motion parameters are assembled as vector-valued IMs, in order to generate so-called fragility surfaces: these multi-variate functions may then be reinterpreted as single-IM fragility curves, where the conditional distribution of the secondary IM with respect to the main one generates additional confidence intervals for the fragility curve. It is thus shown that the aleatory randomness due to record-to-record variability may be partially transferred to an epistemic uncertainty contribution. This variability is then put in perspective with other sources of uncertainty due to modelling assumptions, such as the variability in the mechanical parameters of the model or the angle of loading of the seismic input