Tempo de armazenamento e temperatura na porcentagem e velocidade de germinação das sementes de camomila Packing time and temperature on the percentage and germination speed of chamomile seeds

A camomila é uma planta herbácea e anual. Suas flores são usadas na medicina popular como droga vegetal e também como aromatizante. Realizaram-se dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o tempo de armazenamento e a temperatura na porcentagem e velocidade de germinação das sementes de camomila. O primeiro experimento utilizou sementes de camomilas produzidas no Horto Medicinal da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR. Elas foram beneficiadas, acondicionadas em sacos de papel e armazenadas em câmara fria por um, dois, três e quatro anos. O teste de germinação foi realizado em temperatura alternada 15-25&deg;C e fotoperíodo de 8 horas. Avaliou-se a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), em oito repetições de 100 sementes cada uma. As sementes de camomila utilizadas no segundo experimento foram comerciais. Os tratamentos foram: temperaturas constantes de 10&deg;C e 15&deg;C e temperaturas alternadas de 10-15&deg;C e 10-20&deg;C, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. As avaliações foram realizadas no sétimo e no décimo quarto dia após a semeadura (DAS). O potencial de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes foram mantidos nos dois primeiros anos de armazenamento. A germinação das sementes foi reduzida para 3,3% com a temperatura de 10oC ao sétimo DAS. As temperaturas constantes de 10oC e 15oC e alternadas de 10-15&deg;C e 10-20&deg;C proporcionaram germinação das sementes superior a 80% ao final do décimo quarto DAS.<br>Chamomile is an annual herbaceous species. Its flowers are used in popular medicine and as a vegetable flavour. It propagates for seeds. The objective of these trials was to evaluate the ideal temperature, packing time on the percentage and germination speed of chamomile. The first trial used seeds from a medicinal vegetable garden from Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. They were treated, packed in paper bags and kept in refrigerate chamber during one, two, three and four years. In germination test it was used 25&deg;C with 10 hours of light and 14 hours of dark. It was evaluated the percentage and germination speed index (GSI) in 8 replicates with 100 seeds each one. The seeds used in the second trial were commercial ones. The tested treatments were: constant temperatures of 10&deg;C and 15&deg;C with 12 hours of photoperiod, and alternated temperatures of 10&deg;C/15&deg;C and 10&deg;C/20&deg;C with 10 hours of photoperiod. The evaluations were made at 7th and 14th days after seeding. The seeds packed until 2 years showed greatest percentage and germination speed index. The temperature of 10&deg;C reduced the germination for 3.3% at 7 DAS. The constant temperature of 10&deg;C and 15&deg;C, and alternated in 10&deg;C/15&deg;C and 10&deg;C/20&deg;C provided germination of the seeds superior to 80% in the end of 14th day

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

ABC-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients : development, external validation and comparison with other available scores

The majority of available scores to assess mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department have high risk of bias. Therefore, this cohort aimed to develop and validate a score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and to compare this score with other existing ones. Consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients admitted between March-July, 2020. The model was validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August-September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients. Median (25-75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48-72) years, and in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. Seven significant variables were included in the risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO/FiO ratio, platelet count, and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829-0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859 [95% CI 0.833-0.885]) and Spanish (0.894 [95% CI 0.870-0.919]) validation cohorts, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores. It is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/). An easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation was designed and validated for early stratification of in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19