Analise da influência de sistemas de gestão da qualidade nos processos internos de empresas de projeto da construção civil

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia CivilÉ notável e sabido que, a indústria da construção civil, frente ao mercado globalizado, vem sofrendo várias mudanças. A partir deste novo cenário, as organizações têm implementado Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) como uma oportunidade de melhoria organizacional de forma global, mediante a sistematização dos processos, o tratamento dispensado aos clientes e a elaboração de procedimentos seguidos por toda a organização

Análise quantitativa de mastócitos na cicatrização de feridas tratadas com membranas de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha

Mast cells are connective tissue cells responsible for initiating the inflammatory reaction and chronicity of the process, and play an important role in the dynamics of the repair scar. The use of natural or synthetic biological membranes in the repair of extensive dermal wounds, in turn, has been widely discussed in the literature, particularly those based on collagen, due to biocompatibility and interactivity of these materials. Propolis is a natural product that presents anti-inflammatory properties, so that it could be useful to the repair scar. The red variety of this product, however, is still less studied, although there are some reports of a probable healing action. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the combination of collagen membranes to red propolis on the mast cells population during repair scar by second intention in rats. For this purpose, membranes were prepared from collagen extracted from bovine tendon (10-15mm thick) containing hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis to 0.1%. Subsequently, 1cm2 standard-sized wounds were performed in th back of 30 Wistar rats, which were divided into six groups (n=5): G1- untreated animals sacrificed at 7 days; G2 – animals treated with collagen membrane sacrificed at 7 days; G3 – animals treated with collagen membrane containing red propolis sacrificed at 7 days; G4 - untreated animals sacrificed at 14 days; G5 – animals treated with collagen membrane sacrificed at 14 days; and G6 – animals treated with collagen membrane containing red propolis sacrificed at 14 days. The removed specimens were fixed, histologically processed and embedded in paraffin and histological sections were stained with toluidine blue. On the seventh day, the average population of mast cells in total and marginal G1 was significantly lower than in G2 and G3 (P<0.05), but there was no difference between these last two groups. At the fourteenth day, it was not verified any statistically significant difference in the mean of mast cells among the three groups. These data suggest that, in mice, the use of bioactive collagen membranes, containing or not 0.1% hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis, can reduce the degranulation of mast cells after seven days of healing of wounds, but has no effect on this population of immunocompetent cell in the final stages (14 days) repair.Los mastocitos son células del tejido conectivo responsables por el inicio de la reacción inflamatoria y la cronicidad del proceso y juegan un papel importante en la dinámica de la reparación cicatricial. El uso de membranas biológicas naturales o sintéticas en la reparación de heridas dérmicas extensas, a su vez, ha sido ampliamente discutido en la literatura, especialmente los basados en colágeno, debido a la biocompatibilidad y la interacción del material. El própolis es un producto natural que tiene actividad antiinflamatoria, que puede contribuir a la reparación cicatricial. La variedad roja de este producto, sin embargo, ha sido poco estudiada, y hay algunos informes de una probable acción cicatrizante. De esta manera, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la combinación de membranas de colágeno y própolis rojo en la población de mastócitos durante la reparación  cicatricial  por segunda intención en ratos. Para este propósito, las membranas se prepararon a partir de colágeno I extraído de tendón de bovino (10-15 m m de espesor) que contiene extracto hidroalcohólico de própolis a 0,1%. Posteriormente, hicieron heridas de 1cm2 sobre el dorso de 30 ratones Wistar , que se dividieron en seis grupos (n = 5): G1 - animales no tratados sacrificados a los 7 días, G2 - animales tratados con membrana de colágeno sacrificados a los 7 días; G3 -  animales tratados con membrana de colágeno contieniendo própolis roja  sacrificados después de 7 días; G4 - los animales no tratados sacrificados a los 14 días; G5 - animales tratados con membrana de colágeno sacrificado a los 14 días; G6 - animales tratados con membrana de colágeno  contieniendo própolis roja  sacrificados en 14 días. Las muestras extraídas se fijaron, se procesaron y se agruparon en parafina, se hicieron cortes histológicos y se tiñeron con azul de toluidina. En el séptimo día, el promedio de la población de mastocitos en G1 total y marginal fue significativamente menor que en el G2 y G3 (p <0,05), pero no hubo diferencias entre los dos últimos. En el día catorce, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el G4, G5 y G6 ni en el promedio total de mastócitos, ni en las dos regiones estudiadas por separado. Se sugiere que, en ratones, la utilización de membranas de colágeno bioactivos, independiente o no de contener própolis rojo en forma de extracto hidroalcohólico 0,1%, puede reducir la degranulación de los mastocitos después de siete días de cicatrización de heridas abiertas, pero no tiene efecto sobre la población de esta célula inmunocompetente en etapas finales (14 días) de reparación.Mastócitos são células do tecido conjuntivo responsáveis pelo início da reação inflamatória e cronificação do processo, e desempenham um papel importante na dinâmica do reparo cicatricial. O uso de membranas biológicas naturais ou sintéticas no reparo de feridas dérmicas extensas, por sua vez, tem sido bastante discutido na literatura, especialmente aquelas à base de colágeno, devido à biocompatibilidade e interatividade desse material. A própolis é um produto natural que apresenta atividade anti-inflamatória, podendo contribuir para a reparação cicatricial. A variedade vermelha desse produto, contudo, ainda é pouco estudada, existindo alguns relatos de uma provável ação cicatrizante. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da associação de membranas de colágeno à própolis vermelha sobre a população de mastócitos durante o reparo cicatricial por segunda intenção em ratos. Para tanto, foram preparadas membranas de colágeno I extraído de tendão bovino (10-15mm de espessura) contendo extrato hidroalcóolico de própolis vermelha a 0,1%. Posteriormente, foram realizadas feridas de 1cm2 no dorso de 30 ratos Wistar, que foram distribuídos em seis grupos (n=5): G1 – animais sem tratamento sacrificados em 7 dias; G2 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno sacrificados em 7 dias; G3 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha sacrificados em 7 dias; G4 – animais sem tratamento sacrificados em 14 dias; G5 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno sacrificados em 14 dias; G6 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha sacrificados em 14 dias. Os espécimes removidos foram fixados, processados histologicamente e emblocados em parafina e secções histológicas foram coradas em Azul de toluidina. Ao sétimo dia, a população média de mastócitos total e marginal em G1 mostrou-se significativamente menor que em G2 e G3 (p<0,05), mas não houve diferença entre os dois últimos. Ao décimo quarto dia não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o G4, G5 e G6 nem na média total de mastócitos, nem nas duas regiões estudadas separadamente. Sugere-se que, em ratos, o uso de membranas bioativas de colágeno, independentemente de conter ou não própolis vermelha sob a forma de extrato hidroalcoólico a 0,1%, pode reduzir a desgranulação de mastócitos aos sete dias de cicatrização de feridas abertas, mas não influencia a população desta célula imunocompetente nas fases finais (14 dias) do reparo

Fatores associados a casos de Dengue na área industrial brasileira: um estudo ecológico

Introduction: Dengue is an acute systemic viral infectious disease, established worldwide in epidemic and endemic transmission cycles. High levels of precipitation, adequate temperatures, proximity between urban and peri-urban centers, human movement between population centers and urban solid waste (USW) production may facilitate dengue transmission and spread. Objective: To identify the relationship between diagnosed dengue cases and socioeconomic factors, USW mass generation and rainfall index. Methods: Ecological study, with secondary data collection from 2010 to 2016 for each municipality of the Greater ABC Region in São Paulo, Brazil. Total population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, USW, number of dengue cases and rainfall index were investigated. Data were collected on the websites of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the municipalities of the Greater ABC Region, the Greater ABC Intermunicipal Consortium, the Greater ABC Economic Development Agency, the National Sanitation Information System, Surveillance Epidemiological Survey of the State of São Paulo and the Department of Water and Electric Energy of the State of São Paulo. Relationships between variables were tested by Spearman correlation. Results: Data analysis of all municipalities showed a positive correlation between dengue cases with total population (r=0.675, p&lt;0.01), gross domestic product per capita (r=0.539, p&lt;0.01) and MSW by inhabitant per year (r=0.492, p&lt;0.01). Positive correlations were also observed between total population and gross domestic product per capita (r=0.583, p&lt;0.01), MSW / Day (r=0.302, p&lt;0.05) and MSW/year (r=0.961, p&lt;0.01); gross domestic product per capita and MSW/day (r=0.849, p&lt;0.01), MSW/year (r=0.410, p&lt;0.05) and rainfall index (RI) (r=0.416, p&lt;0.05); MSW / day and MSW / year (r=0.389, p&lt;0.01) and RI (r=0.388, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The larger the total population, purchasing power or socioeconomic status (GDP per capita) and the generation of MSW, the greater the number of dengue cases. Proper packaging of MSW seems to be a way to help in dengue cases control.Introdução: A dengue é uma doença infecciosa viral sistêmica aguda, estabelecida mundialmente em ciclos de transmissão epidêmica e endêmica. Altos níveis de precipitação, temperaturas adequadas, proximidade entre centros urbanos e peri-urbanos, movimento humano entre centros populacionais e produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) podem facilitar a transmissão e a disseminação da dengue. Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre casos diagnosticados de dengue e fatores socioeconômicos, geração de massa de RSU e índice pluviométrico. &nbsp; Método: Estudo ecológico, com coleta secundária de dados de 2010 a 2016 para cada município da Região do Grande do ABC, em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram investigados a população total, o produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita, RSU, número de casos de dengue e índice pluviométrico. Os dados foram coletados nos sites do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), os municípios da Região do Grande ABC, o Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABC, a Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico do Grande ABC, o Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Saneamento, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado de São Paulo e o Departamento de Água e Energia Elétrica do Estado de São Paulo. As relações entre variáveis foram testadas pela correlação de Spearman. &nbsp; Resultados: A análise dos dados de todos os municípios mostrou correlação positiva entre casos de dengue com população total (r = 0,675, p &lt;0,01), produto interno bruto per capita (r = 0,539, p &lt;0,01) e RSU por habitante por ano (r = 0,492, p &lt;0,01). Também foram observadas correlações positivas entre população total e produto interno bruto per capita (r = 0,583, p &lt;0,01), RSU / dia (r = 0,302, p &lt;0,05) e RSU / ano (r = 0,961, p &lt;0,01); produto interno bruto per capita e RSU / dia (r = 0,849, p &lt;0,01), RSU / ano (r = 0,410, p &lt;0,05) e índice de precipitação (IR) (r = 0,416, p &lt;0,05); RSU / dia e RSU /ano (r = 0,389, p &lt;0,01) e IR (r = 0,388, p &lt;0,05). Conclusão: Quanto maior a população total, poder de compra ou condição socioeconômica (PIB per capita) e a geração de RSU, maior o número de casos de dengue. O descarte adequada dos RSU parece ser uma maneira de ajudar no controle dos casos de dengue

Hydrogel as an alternative structure for food packaging systems

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks, comprising polymeric chains linked through physical or chemical bonds. In the area of food, hydrogels have great potential to be used in food packaging systems or as carriers of bioactive components. This paper reviews the nature of hydrogels, their 3D network conformation, their functional properties, and their potential applications in food packaging systems. Regarding their potential food packaging applications, hydrogels can present a conformation which allows their use as part of a packaging system to control the humidity generated by food products with high water content. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticles into hydrogels may grant them antimicrobial activity. Finally, although the current research in this field is still limited, the results obtained so far are promising for innovative and potential applications in the food field, which also include their integration into intelligent food packaging systems and their direct incorporation into food matrices as a flavor carrier system.RA Batista is thankful for the support provided by the Municipal Secretary of Education of Itaporanga D'Ajuda - Sergipe, State Secretary of Education of Sergipe, National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). PJP Espitia thanks the National Bureau for the Development of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) and Universidad del Atlántico. JA Teixeira thanks the Centre of Biological Engineering - University of Minho. JC Cardoso thanks the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research and Technological Innovation Support of the State of Sergipe (Fapitec).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of green propolis on oral epithelial dysplasia in rats

Estudos têm demonstrado que componentes hidrossolúveis da própolis verde, flavonóides, apresentam atividade antitumoral. Forma de Estudo: Estudo experimental. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde (EPV) sobre displasias epiteliais linguais quimicamente induzidas em ratos. Materiais e Métodos: Neste estudo, foi pincelado DMBA (9,10-dimetil-1,2-benzatraceno) no dorso lingual de ratos 3x/semana, em dias alternados, administrado 100 (PROP1), 200 (PROP2) e 300 mg/kg (PROP3) de EPV (v.o.), durante 20 semanas. A substituição do EPV ou DMBA pelos seus veículos foi usada nos controles positivos (TUM1 e TUM2), negativos (CTR1 e CTR2), respectivamente. O epitélio lingual foi analisado histologicamente, graduado pelo Sistema Binário e classificação OMS, e os dados comparados por análise de variância (ANOVA) (p<0,05). Resultados: O rendimento do EPV foi 41,43% e o teor de flavonóides 0,95±0,44%. Segundo o Sistema Binário, TUM1, TUM2 e PROP1 foram considerados lesões de alto risco, apresentando índices de alterações morfológicas significativamente mais elevados (p<0,05), e os demais de baixo risco. Segundo a classificação OMS, observou-se displasia moderada em TUM e TUM2, leve em PROP1, PROP2 e PROP3, e ausente em CTR1 e CTR2. Conclusão: Sugere-se que o EPV possa desempenhar um papel protetor importante durante a carcinogênese lingual quimicamente induzida em ratos. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Studies have demonstrated that flavonoid compounds of green propolis have antitumoral activity. Study Design: Experimental study. Aims: To evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of green propolis (EPV) on chemically induced epithelial dysplasias in rat tongues. Methods and Materials: DMBA was brushed on the lingual dorsum of rats 3x/week on alternate days - 100 (PROP1), 200(PROP2) and 300 mg/kg (PROP3) EPV was administered orally for 20 weeks. EPV or DMBA were replaced by their vehicles and applied as positive (TUM1 and TUM2) and negative controls (CTR1 and CTR2), respectively. The lingual epithelium was histologically analyzed and graded according a binary system and the WHO classification; the data were compared using ANOVA (*p<0.05). Results: The EPV yield was 41% and the flavonoid yield was 0.95±0.44%. According to the Binary System, TUM1, TUM2 and PROP1 were considered high risk lesions, with significantly higher morphological alteration rates compared to the other groups (p<0.05), which were considered low risk lesions. Based on the WHO classification, moderate dysplasia was TUM1 and TUM2, mild dysplasia was PROP1, PROP2 and PROP3, and non-dysplastic epithelium was CTR1 and CTR2. Conclusion: EPV seems to play an important protective role against chemically-induced lingual carcinogenesis in rats

Development, cytotoxicity and eye irritation profile of a new sunscreen formulation based on benzophenone-3-poly(-caprolactone) nanocapsules

The objective of this work was to characterize the toxicological profile of a newly developed sunscreen formulation based on polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) loading benzophenone-3 (BZP3). NCs composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) carrot oil and Pluronic® F68 were produced by emulsification-diffusion method. Their mean particle size (Z-Ave) ranged from 280 to 420 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) was below 0.37, while zeta potential (ZP) reached about |+11 mV|. No cytotoxic effects were observed in L929 fibroblast cell line for the blank (i.e., non-loaded) NCs and BZP3-loaded NCs (BZP3-NCs). The semi-solid sunscreen formulation was stable over time (centrifugation testing) and exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, which is typical of products for topical application onto the skin. The sun protection factor (SPF) value reached 8.84, when incorporating BZP3-NCs (SPF of 8.64) into the semi-solid formulation. A synergistic effect was also observed when combining the formulation ingredients of nanocapsules, i.e., SPF of carrot oil was 6.82, blank NCs was 6.84, and BZP3-loaded NCs was 8.64. From the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) test, the non-irritation profile of the developed formulations could also be confirmed. The obtained results show a promising use of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules to be loaded with lipophilic sunscreens as benzophenone-3.This research was funded by Coordenação Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). This work was also financed through the project M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 and scholarship grant SFRH/BD/130555/2017, from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) from national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare