Academic vocabulary in Wikipedia articles : Frequency and dispersion in uneven datasets

Peer reviewe

Investigating colloquialization in the British parliamentary record in the late 19th and early 20th century

Special issue "New perspectives on democratization: Evidence from English(es)" edited by Turo Hiltunen and Lucía Loureiro-PortoIn this paper, we explore how sociocultural changes were reflected in the parliamentary record, a genre that combines elements of spoken, written and written-to-be-spoken discourses. Our main interests are in the processes of linguistic colloquialization and democratization, understood broadly as tendencies towards greater informality and equality in language use. Previous diachronic studies have established that written language has increasingly adopted features associated with spoken language, although genre and register differences are considerable. Our starting point is that as Parliament has become more demographically representative and as prescriptive norms have loosened in society on the whole, the relative frequency of informal features in parliamentary language may have increased. At the same time, profound changes took place in the practices of recording parliamentary proceedings, most importantly the introduction of the official report in 1909. Our data on British parliamentary debates come from the Hansard Corpus (Alexander and Davies, 2015). We investigate the 60-year-period 1870-1930, which includes reports of parliamentary debates and, after 1909, verbatim reports (in total ca. 40 million words). Adopting a pattern-driven approach, we focus on n-gram frequencies. The analysis first identifies major shifts in the language of the reports using unsupervised grouping methods, and then investigates in more detail the frequency trends of individual n-grams associated with spoken language, as well as their function in parliamentary debates. The findings indicate that the introduction of the official report resulted in clear changes in n-gram frequencies, which can be linked to democratization and colloquialization. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Self-Organising Map Approach to Individual Profiles: Age, Sex and Culture in Internet Dating

A marked feature of recent developments in the networked society has been the growth in the number of people making use of Internet dating services. These services involve the accumulation of large amounts of personal information which individuals utilise to find others and potentially arrange offline meetings. The consequent data represent a challenge to conventional analysis, for example, the service that provided the data used in this paper had approximately 5,000 users all of whom completed an extensive questionnaire resulting in some 300 parameters. This creates an opportunity to apply innovative analytical techniques that may provide new sociological insights into complex data. In this paper we utilise the self-organising map (SOM), an unsupervised neural network methodology, to explore Internet dating data. The resulting visual maps are used to demonstrate the ability of SOMs to reveal interrelated parameters. The SOM process led to the emergence of correlations that were obscured in the original data and pointed to the role of what we call \'cultural age\' in the profiles and partnership preferences of the individuals. Our results suggest that the SOM approach offers a well established methodology that can be easily applied to complex sociological data sets. The SOM outcomes are discussed in relation to other research about identifying others and forming relationships in a network society.Self-Organising Map; Neural Network; Complex Data; Internet Dating; Age; Sex; Culture; Relationship; Visualisation

Näin tunnistat sinustromboosin

Sinustromboosin diagnoosi on haastava monimuotoisen oirekuvan vuoksi. Epäile sinustromboosia, jos potilaalla esiintyy voimakasta jatkuvaa päänsärkyä tai päänsärkyä yhdessä neurologisten oireiden kanssa. Sinustromboosin, alaraajan laskimotukoksen ja keuhkoembolian riskitekijät ovat usein yhteiset

Näin tunnistat sinustromboosin

Vertaisarvioitu. English summary• Sinustromboosin diagnoosi on haastava monimuotoisen oirekuvan vuoksi. • Epäile sinustromboosia, jos potilaalla esiintyy voimakasta jatkuvaa päänsärkyä tai päänsärkyä yhdessä neurologisten oireiden kanssa. • Sinustromboosin, alaraajan laskimotukoksen ja keuhkoembolian riskitekijät ovat usein yhteiset

HIVin ehkäisy lääkkein : prep nyt Suomessakin

Vertaisarvioitu. English summaryHIV-tartuntoja voidaan ehkäistä erittäin tehokkaasti tenofoviiridisoproksiilin ja emtrisitabiinin yhdistelmähoidolla. Tätä altistusta edeltävää estohoitoa kutsutaan prepiksi (pre-exposure prophylaxis). Prep-hoito tarjoaa mahdollisuuden tavoittaa suuren tartuntariskin henkilöitä terveydenhuollon seurantaan. Prep-hoitoon kuuluu HIV-infektion ja muiden seksitautien säännöllinen testaus vähintään kolmen kuukauden välein. Prepin vakavat haittavaikutukset ovat harvinaisia. Prep ei näytä lisäävän HIVin lääkeresistenssiä, kunhan HIV-tartunta on varmuudella suljettu pois ennen hoidon aloittamista. Prep ei suojaa muilta seksitaudeilta, joten kondomin käyttöä suositellaan prepin ohessa. Oikein suunnattu prep-hoito on rinnakkaisvalmisteiden tultua markkinoille terveydenhuollon kustannuksia säästävää toimintaa. THL on antanut prep-hoidosta vuonna 2019 valtakunnallisen suosituksen, ja prep on lisääntyvästi käytössä infektiosairauksien ja sukupuolitautien poliklinikoissa.Peer reviewe

Dural arteriovenous fistulas in cerebral venous thrombosis Data from the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium

Background and purpose To explore the prevalence, risk factors, time correlation, characteristics and clinical outcome of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) in a cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) population. Methods We included patients from the International CVT Consortium registries. Diagnosis of dAVF was confirmed centrally. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for dAVF among consecutive CVT patients and investigated its impact on clinical outcome using logistic regression analysis. We defined poor outcome as modified Rankin Scale score 3-6 at last follow-up. Results dAVF was confirmed in 29/1218 (2.4%) consecutive CVT patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up time was 8 (5-23) months. Patients with dAVF were older (median [IQR] 53 [44-61] vs. 41 [29-53] years; p 30 days: 39% vs. 7%; p < 0.001) and sigmoid sinus thrombosis (86% vs. 51%; p < 0.001), and less frequently had parenchymal lesions (31% vs. 55%; p = 0.013) at baseline imaging. Clinical outcome at last follow-up did not differ between patients with and without dAVF. Additionally, five patients were confirmed with dAVF from non-consecutive CVT cohorts. Among all patients with CVT and dAVF, 17/34 (50%) had multiple fistulas and 23/34 (68%) had cortical venous drainage. Of 34 patients with dAVF with 36 separate CVT events, 3/36 fistulas (8%) were diagnosed prior to, 20/36 (56%) simultaneously and 13/36 after (36%, median 115 [IQR 38-337] days) diagnosis of CVT. Conclusions Dural arteriovenous fistulas occur in at least 2% of CVT patients and are associated with chronic CVT onset, older age and male sex. Most CVT-related dAVFs are detected simultaneously or subsequently to diagnosis of CVT.Peer reviewe

Long-term outcome after cerebral venous thrombosis : analysis of functional and vocational outcome, residual symptoms, and adverse events in 161 patients

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affects mainly working-aged individuals. Functional recovery after CVT is generally considered good with about 3/4 of patients achieving short-term independence. However, vascular events, long-term functional outcome, and employment after CVT remain poorly investigated. We identified consecutive adult CVT patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital (1987-2013) and invited them to a follow-up visit. Each clinical examination was combined with interview. We also recorded recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and hemorrhagic events during follow-up and antithrombotic medication use. A modified Rankin Scale (mRS) served to assess functional outcome. Logistic regression served to identify independent factors associated with unemployment and functional recovery. Of the 195 patients identified, 21 died, 9 declined to participate, and 4 were excluded from the study. Thus, 161 patients (106 women) underwent an examination after a median of 39 months (interquartile range 14-95). VTE (one of which was CVT) occurred in 9 (6 %) patients, and severe hemorrhagic events in 10 (6 %). Functional outcome was good, with 84 % scoring 0-1 on the mRS; 42 % reported residual symptoms. Altogether, 91 (57 %) patients were employed. After adjusting for age and sex, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score > 2 at admission and low education level, associated with both unfavorable functional outcome and unemployment. Long-term functional outcome after CVT may appear good if measured with mRS, but patients often have residual symptoms and are frequently unable to return to their previous work.Peer reviewe