Implementing Effect of Chinese Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure Policy: Empirical data from A-Share Listed Companies in Heavy Pollution Industry

Corporate environmental information disclosure policy (CEIDP) is a system tool for solving the asymmetry problem of corporate environmental information. Relevant literature suggests that there are obvious differences on implementing effect of CEIDP in different countries, regions, and industries. As far as implementing effect of CEIDP is concerned, the domestic researches have distinct opinions. Because of relating the single corporate environmental governance, environmental protection and environmental investment decision-making in microscopic scales and China’s sustainable development strategy goals in macroscopic view, it is of theoretical value and practical significance to estimate implementing effect of CEIDP. Based on the mechanism of CEIDP, this article analyses comprehensively the relationship between corporate environmental disclosure and its system, builds a comprehensive index system by system function analysis, taking 2008-2010 A-share listed companies in heavy polluting industries for the study sample, and makes use of Wilcoxon rank sum test to appraise implementing effect and its lagged effects. The research results show that CEIDP is not only a statistically significant effect, but also has a lagged effect. This paper builds an operable and reflecting effect of CEIDP index system, and introduces non-parametric test method to the Evaluation of CEIDP, thus enriching the theory of CEIDP

Structure and Function of Olfactory Sensilla on the Antennae of Soybean Aphids, Aphis glycines

Observation were made on the morphology of antennal sensilla of Aphis glycines using scanning electron microscopy. Apterae have antennal sensilla similar to those of the alatae, A group of four stout and often blunt-ended hairs appear at the tip of the antenna. A flattened sense organ (primary rhinarium) is located on the fifth antennal segment and that on the sixth segment there are four sensilla coeloconica and two sensilla placodea. They are ringed with a fringe of cuticle of which the finger-like extensions might function as a protective sieve against the entry of undesirable particles. Secondary rhinaria consist of sensilla placoidea resembling that on the fifth antennal segment, but without the elaborate fringe. Alatae differ even more markedly from apterae by possession of several to many secondary rhinaria on the flagellum. There were many secondary rhinaria on the third and the fourth, even the fifth segment in male A. glycines. The olfactory site of tested chemicals were analyzed by making use of EAG technique. It is demonstrated that primary rhinarium on the sixth antennal segment in slate Virginoparae responds to terpene derivatives (their alcohols, aldehydes and esters), but not to terpene hydrocarbons. While the rhinarium on the fifth segment responds to terpene hydrocarbons and not to terpene derivatives. Green leaf volatile and aromatic compounds were perceived by primary rhinaria on both segments, but the intensities of olfactory respones to the chemicals in each rhinarium are different. Besides the primary rhinaria on the two segments, receptor cells which responded strongly to (E)-2-hexanal and 1-hexanal were found on other sensilla, which might be the trichodea (1 µm) and the small placodea (0.8 µm) on the fifth segment. However, there was no direct electrophysiological evidence for it. Primary rhinarium on the sixth segment consists of main olfactory receptors for 3-octen-1-ol; moreover, trichodeum and small placodeum on the some segment might also contribute to the sensory response to 3-octen-1-ol. Primary rhinarium on the sixth segment was proved to be the sensory site for (E)-ß -farnesene in alate and apterous virgenoparae. Caryophyllene, which is an inhibitor of alarming pheromone, and (E)-ß-farnesene tarnesene could evoke a weak response in the secondary rhinaria on the t hird segment, and the primary rhinarium in apterous virginoparae.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Du, Yongjun, Yan, Fushun, Tang, Jue. (1995). Structure and Function of Olfactory Sensilla on the Antennae of Soybean Aphids, Aphis glycines. Kun chong xue bao.Acta entomologica Sinica, 38(1), 1-7

The Practice of Policy about Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure in China——Data From A-Share Listed Companies of Heavy Polluting Industries

Corporate environmental disclosure policy is a system tool to solve the environmental information asymmetry problem, it has an extremely important significance to improve public participation in environmental activities, and promote the improvement of corporate environmental performance. However, there is less literature about the direct corporate environmental information disclosure policy, and these studies are mostly qualitative or small sample studies, reliability is low. In this paper, all the listed companies of A shares heavily polluting industries are studied as a large sample to research the health of corporate environmental information disclosure system, in order to find out that the system operation runs low performance, the quality of environmental information disclosure is not good enough, revealing the main reason lies in the system is unreasonable design, the poor independence of the regulatory authorities, and then, put forward some specific proposals.Objective: To investigate the practice of corporate environmental information disclosure policy, reveal its cause.Results: around seventy percent of heavily polluting industries listed companies have disclosed environmental information; the disclosure of the information mostly described in text or data; majority of environmental information disclosed in the Report of the Board of Directors or Accounting Statements; the disclosure of the mainly contents of environmental management and environmental governance; large gap between inter-industry enterprises  in the quality and quantity of environmental information disclosure.Research limitations and significance of research: This article examines only the data of corporate environmental disclosure policy operation of 2010, is a cross-sectional study. Follow-up longitudinal studies should be carried out to study the changes in corporate environmental disclosure before and after the implementation of the policy, empirical test whether the policy has a substantial impact on corporate environmental disclosure.Practical significance: this article summarizes the problems of corporate environmental disclosure, reveals its cause, and puts forward a reasonable proposal, which has an important reference value for government decision-making.Innovation and value: select all the listed companies of heavily polluting industries of 2010 as study sample firstly, to reflect the most important aspects of corporate environmental information disclosure policy runs

Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 (FGF-10) Mobilizes Lung-resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Protects Against Acute Lung Injury.

FGF-10 can prevent or reduce lung specific inflammation due to traumatic or infectious lung injury. However, the exact mechanisms are poorly characterized. Additionally, the effect of FGF-10 on lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) has not been studied. To better characterize the effect of FGF-10 on LR-MSCs, FGF-10 was intratracheally delivered into the lungs of rats. Three days after instillation, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and plastic-adherent cells were cultured, characterized and then delivered therapeutically to rats after LPS intratracheal instillation. Immunophenotyping analysis of FGF-10 mobilized and cultured cells revealed expression of the MSC markers CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105, and the absence of the hematopoietic lineage markers CD34 and CD45. Multipotency of these cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Delivery of LR-MSCs into the lungs after LPS injury reduced the inflammatory response as evidenced by decreased wet-to-dry ratio, reduced neutrophil and leukocyte recruitment and decreased inflammatory cytokines compared to control rats. Lastly, direct delivery of FGF-10 in the lungs of rats led to an increase of LR-MSCs in the treated lungs, suggesting that the protective effect of FGF-10 might be mediated, in part, by the mobilization of LR-MSCs in lungs

Bryostatin I inhibits growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells via suppression of NF-κB activation

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of bryostatin I on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells as well as tumor growth in mice tumor xenograft model.Methods: Activation of NF-κB was evaluated by preparing nuclear material extract using nuclear extract kit (Carlsbad, CA, USA) followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice were injected with 3 x 105 MIApaCa 2 cells in 100 μL volume of PBS. The animals in the treatment group were injected with 50 μg/kg of bryostatin 1 daily for 1 month in the morning whereas those in the untreated group received an equal volume of normal saline.Results: Treatment of the MIApaCa 2 cells with bryostatin I caused a significant reduction in the activity of NF-κB in nucleoplasm (p = 0.0002). The increase in the concentration of bryostatin I from 10 to 50 μM reduced MIApaCa 2 cell proliferation from 87 to 26 %. Bryostatin I treatment also led to increase in the proportion of cells in M1 phase with subsequent reduction in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. Examination of the cell lysates revealed a higher expression level of cleaved caspase-8 in bryostatin Itreated MIApaCa 2 cells. Mean tumor diameter in the treatment and untreated groups was 5.34 ± 2.16 and 19.45 ± 5.71 mm, respectively, after 2 months of treatment (p < 0.0002). The mean weight of the tumors in the treatment and untreated groups was 123.67 ± 22.56 and 939.14 ± 213.51 mg, respectively, after 2 months of treatment.Conclusion: Bryostatin I inhibits growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer through inhibition of NF- κB expression, and therefore, needs to be further investigated for therapeutic application in pancreatic cancer.Keywords: Bryostatin I, NF-κB expression, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Pancreatic cancer, Tumor volum

Compress, Then Prompt: Improving Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-off of LLM Inference with Transferable Prompt

Large Language Models (LLMs), armed with billions of parameters, exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, they present a significant computational challenge during inference, especially when deploying on common hardware such as single GPUs. As such, minimizing the latency of LLM inference by curtailing computational and memory requirements, though achieved through compression, becomes critically important. However, this process inevitably instigates a trade-off between efficiency and accuracy, as compressed LLMs typically experience a reduction in predictive precision. In this research, we introduce an innovative perspective: to optimize this trade-off, compressed LLMs require a unique input format that varies from that of the original models. Our findings indicate that the generation quality in a compressed LLM can be markedly improved for specific queries by selecting prompts with precision. Capitalizing on this insight, we introduce a prompt learning paradigm that cultivates an additive prompt over a compressed LLM to bolster their accuracy. Our empirical results imply that through our strategic prompt utilization, compressed LLMs can match, and occasionally even exceed, the accuracy of the original models. Moreover, we demonstrated that these learned prompts have a certain degree of transferability across various datasets, tasks, and compression levels. These insights shine a light on new possibilities for enhancing the balance between accuracy and efficiency in LLM inference. Specifically, they underscore the importance of judicious input editing to a compressed large model, hinting at potential advancements in scaling LLMs on common hardware

Extracellular ATP enhances radiation-induced brain injury through microglial activation and paracrine signaling via P2X7 receptor

AbstractActivation of purinergic receptors by extracellular ATP (eATP) released from injured cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neuronal disorders. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ion-selective purinergic receptor, is associated with microglial activation and paracrine signaling. However, whether ATP and P2X7R are involved in radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) remains to be determined. Here, we found that the eATP level was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of RBI patients and was associated with the clinical severity of the disorder. In our experimental model, radiation treatment increased the level of eATP in the supernatant of primary cultures of neurons and glial cells and in the CSF of irradiated mice. In addition, ATP administration activated microglia, induced the release of the inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, and promoted neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, blockade of ATP–P2X7R interaction using P2X7 antagonist Brilliant Blue G or P2X7 knockdown suppressed radiation-induced microglial activation and proliferation in the hippocampus, and restored the spatial memory of irradiated mice. Finally, we found that the PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor κB mediated pathways were downstream of ATP–P2X7R signaling in RBI. Taken together, our results unveiled the critical role of ATP–P2X7R in brain damage in RBI, suggesting that inhibition of ATP–P2X7R axis might be a potential strategy for the treatment of patients with RBI

Potensi Serbuk Biji Ketumbar dan Rimpang Jahe terhadap Hama Kumbang Kacang Azuki Callosobruchus chinensis

Adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of primary pests that infest the adzuki bean, mung bean, cowpea, chickpea, and other legumes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coriander seed and ginger rhizome powders in 1, 2, and 3 g dose admixed directly with adzuki bean on biological variables of C. chinensis and grain quality in laboratory conditions. This study was arranged by completely randomized design (CRD) that consisted of six combination treatments and control. Each of treatment was repeated five times. Observed biological variables consisted of adult longevity, fecundity, and F1 progeny. Observed grain quality variables consisted of percentage of damaged grain and grain viability. Results showed that adzuki bean treated with ginger powder on 2 and 3 g dose had good results to control C. chinensis and kept the grain quality in relatively good condition compared to other treatments and control