La interacción docente ante la vinculación del entorno tecnológico en el ámbito escolar

El presente trabajo se enmarca en los escenarios actuales de cambios continuos, donde las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas están imponiendo transformaciones en los procesos educativos. Presentamos algunos lineamientos teóricos, supuestos, objetivos y breves conclusiones que orientaron las actividades del programa EMAT. en el Estado de Hidalgo, México en la puesta en escena de acuerdo a la Reforma de la Educación Secundaria en su versión de aula de medios. En este sentido se pretende que el docente profundice sus conocimientos pedagógicos y cuestione su quehacer docente reconociendo el papel decisivo que tienen las nuevas tecnologías en la transformación de las estructuras curriculares. El proyecto busca que los docentes identifiquen las potencialidades de la tecnología para innovar las prácticas escolares y tomen conciencia de la función catalizadora de dichas herramientas al favorecer la apropiación del conocimiento matemático

Kinetic study of methanol dehydration over Zro2 supported-activated carbons

The growing concerns about climate change and energy consumption have been the driving force in seek of alternative fuels such as DME, mainly produced via methanol dehydration over a solid acid catalyst. The use of activated carbons for this aim has been little studied up to date. Only a few studies can be found in the literature, reporting all of them materials with a low thermal stability of the acid surface groups, which results into a fast deactivation of the catalyst. In this work, the preparation of activated carbons via chemical activation with phosphoric acid, their modification with different ZrO2 loads, and their application as methanol dehydration catalysts have been studied. The catalytic results showed that the best methanol conversion and selectivity towards DME were achieved with the activated carbon prepared with an impregnation mass ratio value (H3PO4 /precursor) of 2 and an activation temperature of 800 ºC, loaded with a 7 % (wt) of ZrO2 . This catalyst exhibits high steady state methanol conversion values even at temperatures as high as 400 ºC (XCH3OH= 80%, 0.1 g·s/μmol, PCH3OH= 0.08 atm in helium), keeping a selectivity to DME higher than 96%. The effect of oxygen in the reaction atmosphere was also analysed. In this sense, an increase of 15 % in the DME yield was obtained when using air instead of helium as reaction atmosphere (350 ºC, 0.1 g·s/μmol, PCH3OH= 0.04 atm). A kinetic study has been carried out on this catalyst in which two mechanisms (Eley Rideal and Langmuir Hinshelwood) for methanol dehydration have been analysed. The models proposed also consider the presence of oxygen in the reaction media.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO (CTQ2015-68654-R). MECD (FPU13/02413)

Proyecto SIGECAH: diseño de un algoritmo de reconstrucción cartográfica asociado al Catastro de Ensenada

En esta comunicación presentamos el primer prototipo de un módulo de simulación de escenarios cartográficos, concretamente desarrollaremos la estructura del motor basado en Autómatas Celulares. Tal y como se avanzó en comunicaciones anteriores, este módulo se encuentra integrado dentro de SIGECAH (Sistema de Gestión de Catastros Históricos), proyecto que tiene como objetivo el estudio y análisis de fuentes geohistóricas, y de manera más concreta, buscar y abrir nuevas vías de investigación que permitan avanzar en su estudio y en el manejo de la información en ellas contenida. En el desarrollo del prototipo se han integrado distintos métodos, tales como modelos probabilísticos y la evaluación multicriterio (sistemas de información geográfica). Debido a la complejidad del tema, y para facilitar la comprensión al lector mostraremos aquí el marco metodológico y la estructura del prototipo de un autómata celular, dejando para posteriores trabajos el desarrollo de aspectos más concretos.Este trabajo se realiza en el marco de los proyectos de investigación CEMU 2013, financiado por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y CSO2011-29027-C02-02/GEOG, financiado por la Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, dirigidos por los profesores Manuel Rivero y Concepción Camarero respectivamente

Las relaciones pedagógicas entre profesores y alumnos al incorporar el uso de las tecnologías computacionales en el ámbito escolar

El presente trabajo muestra algunas de las experiencias obtenidas en la puesta en práctica del proceso didáctico que propone el programa EMAT –Hidalgo con un grupo de docentes que imparten la asignatura de matemáticas en el nivel de educación secundaria modalidad técnica. La investigación permitió identificar el tipo de relaciones entre profesores y estudiantes al incorporar el uso de las tecnologías computacionales en el ámbito escolar. Para ello, se hicieron entrevistas, encuestas y observaciones en los tres grados de educación secundaria

Strategic situation, design and simulation of a biorefinery in Andalusia

In a lignocellulosic feedstock based biorefinery, biomass can be transformed in several products, with different chemical and/or agro-industrial applications, and energy (biofuels). The use of biomass waste is strongly advocated under European Union (EU) legislation in order to help achieve the climate and energy targets of the EU for 2020 and beyond. In this context, this study was focussed on the design and simulation of a biorefinery to mainly obtain ethanol and DME. These biofuels were obtained from waste forestry and agricultural waste biomass collected near the area where the biorefinery plant was proposed to be installed, to minimize the transportation costs and to promote the valorization of the biomass waste generated in this region. Moreover, the industrial applications of the possible obtained by-products were evaluated to minimize the environmental impacts and to make the biorefinery more sustainable. The central area of Andalusia was selected as the most adequate area to develop the installation of the biorefinery plant. Two commercial simulation software, such as Aspen HYSYS® and UniSim®, were used to design and size the equipments and to simulate both production lines. One of the most important achievements of this biorefinery is the possibility of obtaining 42,700 T y-1 of ethanol with a purity of 96%, which supposes a 16.5% of the Spanish national production in 2016, and 137,850 T y-1 of DME, with a purity of 99.99%. from these biomass waste Both compounds can be used as alternative fuels or energy sources. A techno-economic analysis was performed, obtaining a minimum selling price of 0.58 $/L for bioethanol, 1.15$/kg for DME and 0.65 $/kg for HMF and LA, respectively. These prices are comparable to those found in the literature. Furthermore, the implementation of the biorefinery in this strategic area promotes its economic and social development, improving the use of the natural resources to obtain competitive products to fossil fuels.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO under CTQ2015-68654-R project. MCGM gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through a “Juan de la Cierva – Formación” fellowship (FJCI-2015-25788)

Recent progress in hybrid biocomposites: Mechanical properties, water absorption, and flame retardancy

This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of BiocompositesBio-based composites are reinforced polymeric materials in which one of the matrix and reinforcement components or both are from bio-based origins. The biocomposite industry has recently drawn great attention for diverse applications, from household articles to automobiles.This is owing to their low cost, biodegradability, being lightweight, availability, and environmental concerns over synthetic and nonrenewable materials derived from limited resources like fossil fuel. The focus has slowly shifted from traditional biocomposite systems, including thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibers, to more advanced systems called hybrid biocomposites. Hybridization of bio-based fibers/matrices and synthetic ones offers a new strategy to overcome the shortcomings of purely natural fibers or matrices. By incorporating two or more reinforcement types into a single composite, it is possible to not only maintain the advantages of both types but also alleviate somedisadvantages of one type of reinforcement by another one. This approach leads to improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of biocomposites for extensive applications. The present review article intends to provide a general overview of selecting the materials to manufacture hybrid biocomposite systems with improved strength properties, water, and burning resistance in recent years