Desigualdades en Salud: La Mortalidad Perinatal e Infantil en España

ResumenSe ha considerado al coeficiente de variación interprovincial (CV) como un indicador objetivo de la dispersión de los valores provinciales de las tasas de mortalidad infantil, neonatal, postneonatal y perinatal. Así, se ha estudiado la evolución de los CV anuales, para las cuatro tasas, desde 1940 hasta 1986, con objeto de identificar la evolución temporal de las diferencias interprovinciales con respecto a dichas tasas de mortalidad. Se observa que en ningún caso los CV muestran una tendencia decreciente en el tiempo, lo que parece indicar que las desigualdades interregionales permanecen inalteradas. La tasa de mortalidad postneonatal es la que mayor dispersión presenta en sus valores provinciales durante el período estudiado (CV entre 23 y 40%), y su evolución es independiente de la de la tasa de mortalidad neonatal, lo que parece indicar que los factores que influyen en ambas son diferentes.SummaryThe interregional variation coefficient (VC)) has been considered as an accurate measure of the dispersion of regional infant, neonatal, postneonatal and perinatal mortality rates. Thus, trends of annual VC have been analyzed, for each rate, from 1940 to 1986, to identify the evolution in time of the regional differences with respect to these mortality rates. None of the four mortality rates showed a decreasing trend in their respective VCs. This may indicate that interregional differences do not change along time. The postneonatal mortality rate has been shown to have the highest VCs during the study period (ranging from 23 to 40%), with an independent evolution with respect to neonatal mortality rate, probably because the factors that influence both rates are clearly different

Determinación del coeficiente de resistencia del camino mediante un método de remolque

Introducción: El transporte automotor terrestre es un importante contribuyente del consumo de combustible a nivel mundial. Existen muchos factores relacionados con este consumo y también varias maneras de estudiarlo. Los ciclos de viaje basados en la modelación matemática son herramientas probadas para comprender, estimar y pronosticar el consumo de combustible.Objetivo: Los modelos matemáticos que se solucionan con los perfiles reales de coeficiente de resistencia al camino por las vías por las cuales circulan los vehículos brindan los resultados más exactos. Es por eso que la determinación experimental del coeficiente de resistencia del camino es el objetivo de la investigación.Metodología: Se diseña y construye un remolque, asimismo, se conducen experimentos de calibración estática y dinámica para conocer las cualidades de los sistemas que intervienen en la medición. Posteriormente, se realizan ensayos en un sector de vía para la verificación y, a continuación, se efectúan experimentos en carreteras de recubrimientos y pendientes variables.Resultados: Se establece el uso del instrumento para mediciones del coeficiente de resistencia al rodamiento en condiciones viales con valores del coeficiente de resistencia a la rodadura de 0,008-0,02 (recubrimientos viales con base de cemento o asfalto) y pendientes de 0-12o.Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que bajo este método se puede medir de manera precisa y exacta el coeficiente de resistencia del camino.Introduction− The fuel consumption of the ground vehicle transportations constitutes an important part in the total fuel consumption of the world. There are many factors related to this fuel consumption and several ways to study it. The drive cycles based on the mathematical modeling are tools to understand, to estimate and to predict the vehicle fuel consumption. Objective−Usually the simulating is most exact when the mathematical models are solved with the real profiles of way resistance coefficient. For that reason, the experimental determination of the coefficient of resistance of the road is the objective of this research.Methodology−A trailer was designed and built and statically and, in or-der to know the features of the systems that are involved in the coefficient measuring process, a group of experiments of static and dynamic was con-ducted. Later, a road sector for validation was calibrated and then others road with variation in slope and road surface was studied.Results−This method is able to measure the way resistance coefficient that corresponding with road conditions of values of rolling resistance of 0,008 - 0,02 (made of asphalt or cement) and slopes of 0-12o.Conclusions−The results demonstrate that this method is accurate and precise for the determination of the way resistance coefficien

Determinación del coeficiente de resistencia del camino mediante un método de remolque

Introduction: The fuel consumption of the ground vehicle transportations constitutes an important part in the total fuel consumption of the world. There are many factors related to this fuel consumption and several ways to study it. The drive cycles based on the mathematical modeling are tools to understand, to estimate and to predict the vehicle fuel consumption.Objective: Usually the simulating is most exact when the mathematical models are solved with the real profiles of way resistance coefficient. For that reason, the experimental determination of the coefficient of resistance of the road is the objective of this research.Methodology:  A trailer was designed and built and statically and, in order to know the features of the systems that are involved in the coefficient measuring process, a group of experiments of static and dynamic was conducted. Later, a road sector for validation was calibrated and then others road with variation in slope and road surface was studied.Results: This method is able to measure the way resistance coefficient that corresponding with road conditions of values of rolling resistance of 0,008 - 0,02 (made of asphalt or cement) and slopes of 0-12o.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that this method is accurate and precise for the determination of the way resistance coefficient.Introducción: El transporte automotor terrestre es un importante contribuyente del consumo de combustible a nivel mundial. Existen muchos factores relacionados con este consumo y también varias maneras de estudiarlo. Los ciclos de viaje basados en la modelación matemática son herramientas probadas para comprender, estimar y pronosticar el consumo de combustible.Objetivo: Los modelos matemáticos que se solucionan con los perfiles reales de coeficiente de resistencia al camino por las vías por las cuales circulan los vehículos brindan los resultados más exactos. Es por eso que la determinación experimental del coeficiente de resistencia del camino es el objetivo de la investigación.Metodología: Se diseña y construye un remolque, asimismo, se conducen experimentos de calibración estática y dinámica para conocer las cualidades de los sistemas que intervienen en la medición. Posteriormente, se realizan ensayos en un sector de vía para la verificación y, a continuación, se efectúan experimentos en carreteras de recubrimientos y pendientes variables.Resultados: Se establece el uso del instrumento para mediciones del coeficiente de resistencia al rodamiento en condiciones viales con valores del coeficiente de resistencia a la rodadura de 0,008-0,02 (recubrimientos viales con base de cemento o asfalto) y pendientes de 0-12o.Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que bajo este método se puede medir de manera precisa y exacta el coeficiente de resistencia del camino

Ultrathin Plasma Polymer Passivation of Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Stability and Reproducibility

Despite the youthfulness of hybrid halide perovskite solar cells, their efficiencies are currently comparable to commercial silicon and have surpassed quantum-dots solar cells. Yet, the scalability of these devices is a challenge due to their low reproducibility and stability under environmental conditions. However, the techniques reported to date to tackle such issues recurrently involve the use of solvent methods that would further complicate their transfer to industry. Herein a reliable alternative relaying in the implementation of an ultrathin plasma polymer as a passivation interface between the electron transport layer and the hybrid perovskite layer is presented. Such a nanoengineered interface provides solar devices with increased long-term stability under ambient conditions. Thus, without involving any additional encapsulation step, the cells retain more than 80% of their efficiency after being exposed to the ambient atmosphere for more than 1000 h. Moreover, this plasma polymer passivation strategy significantly improves the coverage of the mesoporous scaffold by the perovskite layer, providing the solar cells with enhanced performance, with a champion efficiency of 19.2%, a remarkable value for Li-free standard mesoporous n-i-p architectures, as well as significantly improved reproducibility

Functional Properties of Lupinus angustifolius

Protein isolates prepared by alkaline solubilization followed by isoelectric precipitation and freeze-drying from six varieties of Lupinus angustifolius (Haags Blaue, Sonate, Probor, Borlu, Boregine, and Boruta) grown in Mexico were evaluated for functional properties: nitrogen solubility, water-holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), and gelling minimum concentration (GMC). The nitrogen solubility values, WHC, OHC, and FC did not show significant differences between the protein isolates. The solubility of the isolates was minimal at pH of 4.0 and 5.0 while the regions of maximum solubility were found at pH of 2.0 and 10.0. There were significant differences in EAI and ESI depending on the varieties used. The isolates of the Boregine and Borlu varieties showed the highest EAI with 29.3 and 28.3 m2 g−1, respectively, while the lowest index was recorded in the isolate obtained from the Sonate variety (24.6 m2 g−1). Like solubility, these indices also increased at both extremes of pH evaluated; both properties were minimal in the isoelectric pH range (4.0 to 5.0)

Physical and spectroscopic properties of pure C2H4 and CH4:C2H4 ices

[EN] Physical and spectroscopic properties of ices of C2H4 and CH4:C2H4 mixtures with 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 ratios have been investigated at 30 K. Two laboratories are involved in this work. In one of them, the density and refractive index of the samples have been measured by using a cryogenic quartz microbalance and laser interferometric techniques. In the other one, IR spectra have been recorded in the near- and mid-infrared regions, and band shifts with respect to the pure species, band strengths of the main bands, and the optical constants in both regions have been determined. Previous data on ethylene and the mixtures studied here were scarce. For methane, both the wavenumbers and band strengths have been found to follow a regular pattern of decrease with increasing dilution, but no pattern has been detected for ethylene vibrations. The method employed for the preparation of the samples, by vapour deposition under vacuum, is thought to be adequate to mimic the structure of astrophysical ices. Possible astrophysical implications, especially by means of the optical constants reported here, have been discussed.This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain under grants FIS2013-48087-C2-1P, FIS2013-48087-C2-2P and AYA2015-71975-REDT 'Polvo Cosmico' by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain under grant CDS2009-00038 and by the European Research Council project ERC-2013-Syg 610256 'Nanocosmos'. GM acknowledges MINECO PhD grant BES-2014-069355. Our skillful technicians C. Santonja, M. A. Moreno, A. Gonzalez and J. Rodriguez are also gratefully acknowledged.Molpeceres, G.; Satorre Aznar, MÁ.; Ortigoso, J.; Zanchet, A.; Luna Molina, R.; Millán Verdú, C.; Escribano, R.... (2017). Physical and spectroscopic properties of pure C2H4 and CH4:C2H4 ices. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 466(2):1894-1902. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3166S18941902466

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Cultura, innovación, internacionalización y vinculación de la Pyme con la Universidad : barómetro económico de la PYME 2011

Este barómetro corresponde al año 2011 y recoge información sobre: •Características generales de la empresa y expectativas. •Grado y capacidad de internacionalización de la empresa. •Relación de la empresa con el medio-ambiente. •Tecnología y grado de innovación de la empresa. •Organización, cultura empresarial y estrategia. •Vinculación de la empresa con la Universidad. •Evolución del rendimiento de la empresa respecto de la competenciaRegión de Murcia, Consejería de Universidades, Empresas e Innovación, INFO (Instituto de Fomento de la Regiñon de Murcia