Estimation of fuel consumption in a hybrid electric refuse collector vehicle using a real drive cycle

Postprint (published version

Transmisión transplacentaria de Anaplasma marginale en bovinos nativos del noreste argentino

Tesis para obtener el grado de Magíster en Ciencias Veterinarias, de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, en 2013Se estudió el rol epidemiológico de la transmisión transplacentaria de Anaplasma marginale en bovinos. Se analizaron muestras de sangre y suero de 731 vacas (167 preñadas), de diferentes ecorregiones, Espinal (n= 347), Campos y Malezales (n= 384) y 32 del Chaco húmedo, sobrevivientes de un brote de anaplasmosis mientras gestaban y de sus terneros. La proporción de positivos (+) se determinó por las pruebas serológicas Card test (CT) y C-ELISA. Se identificó Anaplasma spp. por PCR-msp5 y se genotipificó A. marginale mediante PCR-msp1α. Vacas de la región Espinal fueron 30% CT+ y el 34% C-ELISA+ significativamente diferente (p<0.0001) de Campos y Malezales con 86% CT+ y 73% C-ELISA+ con un riesgo de infección 5,2 veces mayor. PCR-msp5+ se encontró en un 79,4% de las hembras gestantes y en un 5,3% de los fetos, dos de ellos (1,5%) portaba A. marginale (PCR-msp1α). Vacas de Chaco húmedo fueron 63% CT+ y 81% C-ELISA+, el 100% de las vacas y un 25% de los terneros fueron PCR-msp5+, un 15,6% de ellos portaba A. marginale (PCR-msp1α). Se encontraron nueve genotipos, y un ternero llevaba el mismo que su madre. No se logró reproducir la enfermedad. De ocurrir, la transmisión transplacentaria de A. marginale sería de escasa relevancia epidemiológica.The epidemiological role of trans-placental transmission of A. marginale in cattle was studied. Blood and serum samples were taken from 731 cows (167 pregnant). Cows came from different ecological regions (Espinal n= 347, Campos and Malezales n= 384 Humid Chaco n= 32). All cows survived outbreaks of anaplasmosis while they were pregnant. Two serological tests were performed: Card test (CT) and C-ELISA. Anaplasma spp. was identified by PCR-msp5 and A. marginale was genotyped by PCR-msp1α. Prevalence of CT and C-ELISA positive cows was higher on Campos and Malezales (86 and 73% respectively) than on Espinal (30 and 34% respectively) (OR= 5,2 p<0.0001). One and a half percent of fetus carried A. marginale. PCR-msp5+ was detected on 132/167 (79,4%) pregnant cows and 7/132 (5,3%) fetus. Prevalence of CT and C-ELISA on cows from Humid Chaco was 63% and 81%, respectively. All these cows and 8 calves (25%) were PCR-msp5+, while 15,6% carried A. marginale. Nine A. marginale genotypes were found. One calf carried the same genotype that its mother. It was not possible to reproduce the disease. Trans-placental transmission of A. marginale, may be sporadic and of little epidemiological significance.EEA MercedesFil: Sala, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; Argentin

Early Pleistocene hominins in europe: the sites of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Spain)

The Early Pleistocene (Late Villafranchian) sites of Orce, placed in the northeastern sector of the Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada, southeastern Spain), are key to the study of the first human settlements in the European subcontinent. Evidence of human presence and anthropic activity has been found at two sites, Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva-3. In this sedimentary basin, the hominins inhabited a mild environment rich in vegetation, which provided all resources necessary for their living, including the presence of a lake with a permanent water sheet fed by thermal springs and abundant ungulate carcasses. However, these animal resources were also focus of attention for scavenging carnivores. In Barranco León, with a chronology of 1.4 Ma, and slightly older than Fuente Nueva-3, 1.3 Ma, a deciduous tooth of Homo sp. has been unearthed in 2002 [1] and a huge assemblage of Oldowan (i. e. Mode 1) tools, made in flint and limestones, have been recovered in both localities. In addition, evidences of human modification are frequents on the bone surfaces, as cut-marks, resulting from disarticulation, defleshing and evisceration activities, and percussion marks that evidence bone fracturing for accessing marrow contents. Cut marks are mostly present on large ungulates limb bones, although a number of axial elements, as rib and vertebrae fragments, show cut marked surfaces. Percussion evidences are located almost exclusively in appendicular elements. Carnivores activities are present too, and are focused, as cut marks, on limb bones. These modifications were mostly originated by the giant, short-faced hyena of African origin Pachycrocuta brevirostris, althought the study of the fossil bones from the last four dig seasons evidence the presence of tooth marks from other carnivores of smaller body size. In any case, anthropic activity predominates in both, Barranco León and Fuente Nueva-3, which suggest a secondary access of carnivores to these areas. However, the upper archaeological level of Fuente Nueva-3, which has provided 150 coprolites and several tooth remains of P. brevirostris, is an exception to the pattern of competitive exclusion depicted above for hominins and scavenging carnivores. Taphonomic analysis of ungulate postcranial remains preserved in this level has shown increased carnivoran activity, thus evidencing a possible competition for ungulate carcasses between Homo and Pachycrocuta This work has been done in the framework of the contract Exp. B090678SV18BC funded and authorized by Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía, and the project P11-HUM-7248 by Junta deAndalucía References:[1] Toro-Moyano, I, Martínez-Navarro, B., Agustí, J., Souday, C., Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Fajardo, B., Duval, M., Falguères, C., Oms, O., Parés, J.M., Anadón, P., Julià, R., García-Aguilar, J.M., Moigne, A.-M., Espigares, M.P., Ros-Montoya, S., Palmqvist, P., 2013. The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 65, 1-9.[2] Espigares, M.P., Martínez-Navarro, B., Palmqvist, P., Ros-Montoya, S., Toro, I., Agustí, J. Sala, R., 2013. Homo vs. Pachycrocuta: Earliest evidence of competition for an elephant carcass between scavengers at Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Spain). Quaternary International. 295, 113 -125.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Memoria, mito y paisaje: el monumento a la resistencia en Cuneo de Aldo Rossi

In this study we analyse the project for the Monument to the Resistance in Cuneo by Aldo Rossi based on the comments on this work made by the architect himself in A Scientific Autobiography (1981) and one of his quaderni azzurri (1972).Our hypothesis is that the Cuneo project is a work that realises an idea of ritual to which the architect had already made reference in The Architecture of the City when asserting that monuments are elements that preserve legends when they take on certain ritual forms. The monument is also a fundamental work that helps us to understand Rossi’s first projects relating to "realism", a category that focuses debate on the nature of architecture in post-Second-World-War Italy and on Rossi’s role as an architect in that period.El estudio analiza el proyecto del monumento a la Resistencia en Cuneo de Aldo Rossi a partir de las referencias que el propio arquitecto hace de esta obra en la Autobiografía científica (1981) y en uno de sus quaderni azzurri (1972).La hipótesis que propone el estudio es demostrar que el proyecto de Cuneo es una obra que materializa una idea de rito que el autor ya recoge en La arquitectura de la ciudad al considerar que los monumentos son elementos conservadores de los mitos cuando acogen determinadas formas rituales. Se trata, además, de una obra fundamental para aproximarse a los primeros proyectos de Aldo Rossi que se vinculan con el “realismo”, una categoría que centra el debate sobre la naturaleza de la arquitectura en la Italia de la segunda posguerra, y a su posición como autor en aquel momento

Memory, Legend and Landscape: The Monument to the Resistance in Cuneo by Aldo Rossi

[Resumen] El estudio analiza el proyecto del monumento a la Resistencia en Cuneo de Aldo Rossi a partir de las referencias que el propio arquitecto hace de esta obra en la Autobiografía científica (1981) y en uno de sus quaderni azzurri (1972).La hipótesis que propone el estudio es demostrar que el proyecto de Cuneo es una obra que materializa una idea de rito que el autor ya recoge en La arquitectura de la ciudad al considerar que los monumentos son elementos conservadores de los mitos cuando acogen determinadas formas rituales. Se trata, además, de una obra fundamental para aproximarse a los primeros proyectos de Aldo Rossi que se vinculan con el “realismo”, una categoría que centra el debate sobre la naturaleza de la arquitectura en la Italia de la segunda posguerra, y a su posición como autor en aquel momento.[Abstract] In this study we analyse the project for the Monument to the Resistance in Cuneo by Aldo Rossi based on the comments on this work made by the architect himself in A Scientific Autobiography (1981) and one of his quaderni azzurri (1972).Our hypothesis is that the Cuneo project is a work that realises an idea of ritual to which the architect had already made reference in The Architecture of the City when asserting that monuments are elements that preserve legends when they take on certain ritual forms. The monument is also a fundamental work that helps us to understand Rossi’s first projects relating to "realism", a category that focuses debate on the nature of architecture in post-Second-World-War Italy and on Rossi’s role as an architect in that period

Reflections on the accessibility to social services in relegated territories: tensions in the design and the implementation of social policies

Para Argentina, desde el año 2003, comienza a producirse una reforma de la política social basada en modelos focalizados y compensatorios; esta reforma generó condiciones de vulnerabilidad social que complejizaron las relaciones a escala micro social. Considerando las implicancias que el proceso de crecimiento de la desigualdad ha dejado, se observa una profundización de una sociedad dual y desigual, expresada en territorios periféricos de las grandes ciudades de nuestro país (Buenos Aires, por ejemplo). En este artículo reflexionaremos en la importancia de la proximidad del Estado en la ejecución de políticas sociales para reconocer las discontinuidades que la fragmentación les impone.In Argentina, since 2003, started a reform of the focalized and compensatory models for delivering policies in relegated territories. That reform has deepened the social vulnerability and has impacted on the social relations in those territories. Considering that the growing of inequality left a dual and unequal society expressed in relegated territories from the big cities of Argentina (Buenos Aires, for instance), this article reflects on the importance of the proximity of the State in the implementation of social policies in relegated territories and aims to reckon the discontinuities that fragmentation imposes to them.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Reflections on the accessibility to social services in relegated territories: tensions in the design and the implementation of social policies

Para Argentina, desde el año 2003, comienza a producirse una reforma de la política social basada en modelos focalizados y compensatorios; esta reforma generó condiciones de vulnerabilidad social que complejizaron las relaciones a escala micro social. Considerando las implicancias que el proceso de crecimiento de la desigualdad ha dejado, se observa una profundización de una sociedad dual y desigual, expresada en territorios periféricos de las grandes ciudades de nuestro país (Buenos Aires, por ejemplo). En este artículo reflexionaremos en la importancia de la proximidad del Estado en la ejecución de políticas sociales para reconocer las discontinuidades que la fragmentación les impone.In Argentina, since 2003, started a reform of the focalized and compensatory models for delivering policies in relegated territories. That reform has deepened the social vulnerability and has impacted on the social relations in those territories. Considering that the growing of inequality left a dual and unequal society expressed in relegated territories from the big cities of Argentina (Buenos Aires, for instance), this article reflects on the importance of the proximity of the State in the implementation of social policies in relegated territories and aims to reckon the discontinuities that fragmentation imposes to them.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

A comparative pattern of lectin-binding in the endometrial glands of the uterus and placenta of healthy buffaloes and bovines at early gestation

Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus) are closely related species. However, embryo transfer interspecies has been attempted without any success. The failure in hybrid embryo-implantation is associated with the glycocode in the maternal-fetal interface. Glycosylation patterns have been studied in different species of ruminants; however, in B. bubalis, only the binucleated cells (BNC) have been analyzed. This glycocode is essential for a successful embryo-implantation and can be defined by Lectin-Histochemistry (LHC). The aim of this study is to compare the glycosylation pattern of placenta and uterus in water buffaloes and cattle by LHC. Tissue samples of placenta and uterus from pregnant Mediterranean female water buffaloes (Buf1) and Angus cows (Bov1) were analyzed. All animals were euthanized at 98 days of gestation. LHC was carried out using twelve lectins (Con A, LCA, PSA, sWGA, PHA-e, SBA, UEA-1, WGA, RCA-1, PNA, DBA, BSA-1). The intensity of lectin binding was semiquantitatively scored using a scale of 0 (negative) to 3 (strongly positive). Difference between species was found in trophoblast layer by PSA, SWGA, PNA and BSA-1, in BNC, and in the mononuclear cells by LCA, PSA, PHA-e, DBA, BSA-1, PNA. In utero, differences in the apical cellular membrane and the secretion of glands were identified by DBA and RCA-1, and in the cytoplasm of those glandular epithelial cells by PHA-e, BSA-1, WGA, and SBA. In both species, BNC presented a strong positive reaction with DBA and SBA, a moderate response by LCA, PHA-e, BSA-1 and PNA lectin, and a low reaction by PSA, UEA-1, SWGA, WGA, Con A and RCA-1. The results found in this study suggest that although both species are closely related, glycosylation patterns in the placenta and uterus are different, thus providing a possible reason for embryo transfer not being possible between these species.EEA MercedesFil: Caspe, Sergio Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Konrad, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sala, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Lischinsky, Lilian Haydee. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio G. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Activity monitoring in professional soccer goalkeepers during training and match play

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the external load of professional soccer goalkeepers. Twenty professional goalkeepers participated in the study. Data were classified according to the number of days before or after the match day (MD) as follows: MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, MD-1 for the sessions before the match, and MD+1 for the session after the match. The total running distance covered (TD), the high metabolic load (HMLD), the number of high metabolic load efforts (HMLE) were progressively reduced from MD-4 to MD-1 but the values of these variables were always inferior to MD (ES: -3.79 to −1.11). There was a tendency for a progressive reduction in the number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) from MD-4 to MD-1 although the values of ACC/DEC were superior to MD (ES: 0.19 to 2.05). Overall, MD-2 was the day with the lowest external load. During training sessions, starter goalkeepers performed more TD (ES: 0.36) and more HMLE (ES: 0.29) than non-starters. External load was progressively decreased in the days before match play for goalkeepers which is reflective of appropriate recovery and preparation practices within the cohort analysed. However, habitual goalkeepers training has an excess of accelerations/decelerations and a lack of running actions performed at high metabolic loads