Incidencias hospitalarias y sus consecuencias ante la responsabilidad jurídica

The present work has as object of study to expose the hospital incidents and the consequences before the legal responsibility in Mexico through the investigation carried out within the medical institutions by means of an instrument where the correct application of the procedures carried out by the doctors is evaluated. members of the health area, if applicable, doctors and nurses to improve the health condition of hospitalized patients, taking into account that sometimes there is malpractice and this complicates the health of the patient, so the procedure is not proceeded adequate legal, since diagnoses are changed or the incidence is covered. Inadequate communication fosters the risk of committing acts that put the safety of the patient at risk, all health personnel must maintain their expectations in safeguarding the integrity of the patient, supporting so that during their stay their health condition can improve. The workload in the various sectors is sometimes a factor that causes this type of event to occur more frequently, but we must not forget to take the time to apply our values ​​correctly, be empathetic with the other person and Know our responsibilitiesEl presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio exponer las incidencias hospitalarias y las consecuencias ante la responsabilidad jurídica en México a través de la investigación llevada a cabo dentro de las instituciones médicas mediante un instrumento en donde se evalúa la correcta aplicación de los procedimientos realizados por los integrantes del área de salud, en su caso, médicos y enfermeras para mejorar la condición de salud de los pacientes ingresados, teniendo en cuenta que en ocasiones hay una mala praxis y esto complica la salud del enfermo por lo que no se procede con el procedimiento legal adecuado, ya que se cambian diagnósticos o se cubre la incidencia. Una inadecuada comunicación fomenta el riesgo de cometer actos que ponen en riesgo la seguridad del paciente, todo el personal de la salud, debe mantener sus expectativas en salvaguardar la integridad del paciente, apoyando para que durante su estancia su condición de salud pueda mejorar.  La carga de trabajo en los diversos sectores en ocasiones es un factor que provoca este tipo de eventos se presenten con mayor frecuencia, pero no hay que dejar de lado tomar el tiempo para aplicar de forma correcta nuestros valores, ser empáticos con la otra persona y saber las responsabilidades que nos competen

OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE HARINA DE ARROZ PARA USO EN PRODUCTOS DE PASTELERÍA SIN GLÚTEN

In the process of threshed rice obtained between 4 and 16% of broken grains, which are used for the brewing industry, pastes and feed. To generate an added value broken grain rice flour was developed for use in bakery products. This requires a methodology that allowed obtaining flour by the process of moisturization and conditioning grain, followed by a grinding process and subsequent drying to a moisture content of 14.47% was applied. Further,HE andlabored different prototypes, varying formulations the content of rice flour and wheat flour. Five products were made in relation50% -50% to 100% rice flour, being the most sensory preference the sample with 100% rice flour applying organoleptic evaluation attributes for color, odor, flavor and consistency. In conclusion, it is determined that the rice flour can be used as raw material for products free biscuits and pastry glúten generating a great alternative for food processing processes in a market of celiacs.En el proceso de trillado del arroz se obtienen entre 4 y 16% de granos partidos, los cuales son utilizados para la industria cervecera, de pastas y alimentos para animales. Para generar un valor agregado al grano partido se elaboró harina de arroz para usar en productos de pastelería. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología que permitió la obtención de la harina mediante el proceso de hidratación y acondicionamiento del grano, seguido por un proceso de molienda y posterior secado hasta alimentos sin glúten,alcanzar una humedad del 14,47%. Además, se elaboraron diferentes prototipos, variando las formulaciones en cuanto al contenido de harina de arroz y harina de trigo. Se realizaron cinco productos con relación 50% -50% hasta 100% harina de arroz, siendo la de mayor preferencia sensorial la muestra con el 100% harina de arroz al aplicar la evaluación organoléptica para los atributos de color, olor, sabor y consistencia. En conclusión, se determina que la harina de arroz puede ser utilizada como materia prima para elaborar productos de galletería y pastelería libres de glúten, generando una gran alternativa para procesos de transformación de alimentos en un mercado de personas celiacas

OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE HARINA DE ARROZ PARA USO EN PRODUCTOS DE PASTELERÍA SIN GLÚTEN

In the process of threshed rice obtained between 4 and 16% of broken grains, which are used for the brewing industry, pastes and feed. To generate an added value broken grain rice flour was developed for use in bakery products. This requires a methodology that allowed obtaining flour by the process of moisturization and conditioning grain, followed by a grinding process and subsequent drying to a moisture content of 14.47% was applied. Further,HE andlabored different prototypes, varying formulations the content of rice flour and wheat flour. Five products were made in relation50% -50% to 100% rice flour, being the most sensory preference the sample with 100% rice flour applying organoleptic evaluation attributes for color, odor, flavor and consistency. In conclusion, it is determined that the rice flour can be used as raw material for products free biscuits and pastry glúten generating a great alternative for food processing processes in a market of celiacs.En el proceso de trillado del arroz se obtienen entre 4 y 16% de granos partidos, los cuales son utilizados para la industria cervecera, de pastas y alimentos para animales. Para generar un valor agregado al grano partido se elaboró harina de arroz para usar en productos de pastelería. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología que permitió la obtención de la harina mediante el proceso de hidratación y acondicionamiento del grano, seguido por un proceso de molienda y posterior secado hasta alimentos sin glúten,alcanzar una humedad del 14,47%. Además, se elaboraron diferentes prototipos, variando las formulaciones en cuanto al contenido de harina de arroz y harina de trigo. Se realizaron cinco productos con relación 50% -50% hasta 100% harina de arroz, siendo la de mayor preferencia sensorial la muestra con el 100% harina de arroz al aplicar la evaluación organoléptica para los atributos de color, olor, sabor y consistencia. En conclusión, se determina que la harina de arroz puede ser utilizada como materia prima para elaborar productos de galletería y pastelería libres de glúten, generando una gran alternativa para procesos de transformación de alimentos en un mercado de personas celiacas

Evaluation of mechanical properties of matrices derived from fish scale collagen

The development of biodegradable materials arises as an alternative to reduce the pollution caused by plastic waste to the environment, with this premise this study was proposed to develop plastic biopolymers from bioactive compounds with different matrices modified cassava starch (5 – 12 %), fish scale collagen (10 – 40 %), lemon essential oil (0,5 - 1,5 %) and gelatinization temperature (70 – 80 °C); A Box Behnken response surface experimental design was used; with the determination of their mechanical properties (maximum stress, Young's modulus, shear strength, stress at break and percentage elongation at break). According to the results found, it was determined that the modified cassava starch had the greatest influence on the mechanical properties, taking into account its importance to create more resistant materials, but it evidences plasticizing difficulties, where the fish scale collagen has a significant influence. In addition, it is evidenced that lemon essential oil had a great influence on Young's modulus (46,28 ± 2,31 MPa) and the percentage of elongation (69,69 ± 2,16 %); while the gelatinization temperature of 80 °C is not recommended for this type of starch-protein matrices due to damage of the structure; determining a better mechanical resistance and a great increase of Young's modulus. In conclusion, the characteristics and performance of the film based on cassava starch, collagen flakes and lemon essential oil have a positive impact on the maximum level of mechanical efficiency of the biodegradable films, achieving a better performance in their mechanical properties.La elaboración de materiales biodegradables surge como alternativa para disminuir la contaminación causada por los desechos plásticos al medio ambiente, con esta premisa, se propuso este estudio comprendido en el desarrollo de biopolímeros plásticos, a partir de compuestos bioactivos con diferentes matrices de almidón modificado de yuca (5 – 12 %), colágeno de escamas de pescado (10 – 40 %), aceite esencial de limón (0,5 - 1,5 %) y temperatura de gelatinización (70 – 80 °C). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de superficie de respuesta Box Behnken; con la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas (esfuerzo máximo, módulo de Young, fuerza de corte, esfuerzo a la ruptura y porcentaje de elongación de ruptura). Según los resultados encontrados, se determinó que el almidón modificado de yuca fue el de mayor influencia en las propiedades mecánicas, teniendo en cuenta su importancia para crear materiales más resistentes, pero evidencia dificultades plastificantes, donde el colágeno de escamas de pescado incide significativamente. Además, se evidencia que el aceite esencial de limón presentó gran influencia en el módulo de Young (46,28 ± 2,31 MPa), y en el porcentaje de elongación (69,69 ± 2,16 %); mientras que la temperatura de gelatinización de 80 °C no es recomendada para este tipo de matrices almidón - proteína por daños de la estructura; determinando una mejor resistencia mecánica y un gran aumento del módulo de Young. En conclusión, las características y el rendimiento de la película a base de almidón de yuca, colágeno de escamas, y aceite esencial de limón; tienen un impacto al considerar el nivel máximo de eficacia mecánica de películas biodegradables y alcanzar un mejor comportamiento en sus propiedades mecánicas

Reduction of ammonia emissions from laying hen manure in a closed composting process using gas-permeable membrane technology

Nitrogen losses during composting processes lead to emissions problems and reduce the compost fertilizer value. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising approach to address the challenge of reducing nitrogen losses in composting processes. This study investigated the applicability of two GPM membrane systems to recover N released during the closed composting process of laying hen manure. The ammonia (NH3) capture process was performed using two different systems over a period of 44 days: the first system (S1) consisted of 120 m of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane installed inside a 3.7 m3 portable, closed aerobic composter with forced ventilation; the second system (S2) consisted of 474 m of an ePTFE membrane placed inside as an external module designed for NH3 capture, connected to a closed aerobic composter through a pipe. In both cases, a 1 N H2SO4 acidic NH3 capture solution was circulated inside the membranes at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered was similar in the two systems (0.61 kg in S1 and 0.65 kg in S2) due to the chosen membrane surface areas, but the TAN recovery rate was six times higher in system S1 (6.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) than in system S2 (1.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) due to the presence of a higher NH3 concentration in the air in contact with the membrane. Given that the NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of the membrane compartment directly influences the NH3 capture, better performance of the GPM recovery system may be attained by installing it directly inside the closed aerobic composters. Regardless of the chosen configuration, this technology allows N recovery as a stable and concentrated 1.4% N ammonium salt solution, which can be used for fertigation. The presented GPM systems may be used in community composting systems with low volumes of waste to be treated or in livestock facilities that have implemented best available techniques such as solid–liquid separation or anaerobic digestion, provided that the use of GPM technology in combination with these techniques also contributes to odor mitigation and improves biogas yield

Evaluation of different capture solutions for ammonia recovery in suspended gas permeable membrane systems

Gas permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising technology for the capture and recovery of ammonia (NH3). The work presented herein assessed the impact of the capture solution and temperature on NH3 recovery for suspended GPM systems, evaluating at a laboratory scale the performance of eight different trapping solutions (water and sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, carbonic, carbonic, acetic, citric, and maleic acids) at 25 and 2 °C. At 25 °C, the highest NH3 capture efficiency was achieved using strong acids (87% and 77% for sulfuric and nitric acid, respectively), followed by citric and phosphoric acid (65%) and water (62%). However, a remarkable improvement was observed for phosphoric acid (+15%), citric acid (+16%), maleic acid (+22%), and water (+12%) when the capture solution was at 2 °C. The economic analysis showed that water would be the cheapest option at any working temperature, with costs of 2.13 and 2.52 €/g N (vs. 3.33 and 3.43 €/g N for sulfuric acid) in the winter and summer scenarios, respectively. As for phosphoric and citric acid, they could be promising NH3 trapping solutions in the winter months, with associated costs of 3.20 and 3.96 €/g N, respectively. Based on capture performance and economic and environmental considerations, the reported findings support that water, phosphoric acid, and citric acid can be viable alternatives to the strong acids commonly used as NH3 adsorbents in these systems

Posición anatómica vertical durante el parto

In Mexico during 2020, a total of 1,629,211 births were registered, of which 99.3% of the products were registered alive, while 0.7% were presented deceased. The WHO refers to positive birth as “high-quality care in labor and delivery and better results centered on women, and not simply as an adjunct to routine clinical practices” as well as an “experience that meets or exceeds the woman's prior personal and socio-cultural beliefs and expectations” which includes “giving birth to a healthy baby in a clinically and psychologically safe environment, and having ongoing practical and emotional support” this includes the adoption of a beneficial anatomical position that provides comfort, pain control and favors your dilation process. The vertical position has multiple benefits, such as an increase in maternal and fetal respiratory capacity, which favors tranquility and relaxation in the process of expulsion of the mother, as well as the favorable evolution of labor and a feeling of efficiency in women. As a result of the research, under the review of articles and experience of women, the efficiency of the vertical position in labor is demonstrated by an evolution of the same in an effective way that helps women to participate, comfort and decrease difficulties. possible, so the good result is concluded to encourage active participation and the choice and adoption of the birth position provided that the optimal characteristics are met and that they benefit the birth process of the new beingEn México durante 2020 se registraron un total de 1 629 211 nacimientos de los cuales el 99.3% de los productos fueron registrados vivos, mientras que 0.7% fueron presentados fallecidos. La OMS refiere el parto positivo como una “atención de alta calidad en el trabajo de parto y el parto y mejores resultados centrados a la mujer, y no simplemente como complemento de las prácticas clínicas de rutina” además de una “experiencia que cumple o supera las creencias y expectativas personales y socioculturales previas de la mujer” que incluye “dar a luz a un bebé sano en un ambiente seguro desde el punto de vista clínico y psicológico, y contar con un apoyo práctico y emocional continuo” esto incluye la adopción de una posición anatómica beneficiosa que le brinde comodidad, control de dolor y favorece su proceso de dilatación. La posición vertical cuenta con múltiples beneficios como aumento de la capacidad respiratoria materna y fetal que favorece la tranquilidad y relajación en el proceso de expulsión de la madre, así como la evolución favorable del trabajo de parto y sensación de eficiencia en la mujer. Como resultado a la investigación, bajo la revisión de artículos y experiencia de mujeres se demuestra eficiencia de la posición vertical en el trabajo de parto por una evolución del mismo de manera efectiva que ayuda a la mujer a su participación, comodidad y  disminución de las dificultades posibles, por lo que se concluye el buen resultado a incentivar a la participación activa y la elección y adopción de la posición de parto siempre que se cumplan con las características optimas y que beneficien el proceso de nacimiento del nuevo ser

Effect of the type of gas-permeable membrane in ammonia recovery from air

Producción CientíficaAnimal production is one of the largest contributors to ammonia emissions. A project, “Ammonia Trapping”, was designed to recover gaseous ammonia from animal barns in Spain. Laboratory experiments were conducted to select a type of membrane most suitable for gaseous ammonia trapping. Three types of gas-permeable membranes (GPM), all made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), but with different diameter (3.0 to 8.6 mm), polymer density (0.45 to 1.09), air permeability (2 to 40 L·min−1·cm2), and porosity (5.6 to 21.8%) were evaluated for their effectiveness to recover gas phase ammonia. The ammonia evolved from a synthetic solution (NH4Cl + NaHCO3 + allylthiourea), and an acidic solution (1 N H2SO4) was used as the ammonia trapping solution. Replicated tests were performed simultaneously during a period of 7 days with a constant flow of acidic solution circulating through the lumen of the tubular membrane. The ammonia recovery yields were higher with the use of membranes of greater diameter and corresponding surface area, but they were not affected by the large differences in material density, porosity, air permeability, and wall thickness in the range evaluated. A higher fluid velocity of the acidic solution significantly increased—approximately 3 times—the mass NH3–N recovered per unit of membrane surface area and time (N-flux), from 1.7 to 5.8 mg N·cm−2·d−1. Therefore, to optimize the effectiveness of GPM system to capture gaseous ammonia, the appropriate velocity of the circulating acidic solution should be an important design consideration.Unión Europea (project LIFE15-ENV/ES/000284

Groundwater Contamination due to the Use of Agrochemicals in Sugar Cane Agroecosystems

Objective: Assess the risk of groundwater contamination due to the application of pesticides and the amount of nitrogen leached in agroecosystems with sugar cane in the area of influence of sugar mills, La Gloria y El Modelo, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The presence of pesticides at 30 groundwater sampling points was determined by using the Mexican regulation N0M-041-SSA1-1993 and the EPA 608 and EPA 608.1 methods described by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Nitrogen (N) loss by leaching was assessed evaluating nine treatments by combining two factors: dose (250, 200 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) and application fractionated doses (2, 3 y 4). Results: Pesticides such as ?-hexachlorocyclohexane (?-HCH), heptachlor heptachloroepoxide, ?-endosulfan, ? endosulfan, sulfate-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4.4’DDE) were found in groundwater of deep wells of agroecosystems with sugarcane. Application of low doses of N resulted in lower losses of N due to leaching. A dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N, applied in two, three, and four fractions, generated N losses between 15.40 to 18.18 kg ha-1, which means a loss of up to 12.1%. Conclusions: Groundwater contamination by agrochemicals, such as pesticides is indubitable; so, reducing such contamination should be a priority for crop growers involved. Also, nitrogen, soil and water management and conservation practices must be done. This will result in a less negative impact to the environment and public health. Water and nitrogen fertilizers management at plot level are to be improved in order to increase water irrigation and nitrogen efficiency in agricultural areas.Objective: Assess the risk of groundwater contamination due to the application of pesticides and the amount of nitrogen leached in agroecosystems with sugar cane in the area of influence of sugar mills, La Gloria y El Modelo, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The presence of pesticides at 30 groundwater sampling points was determined by using the Mexican regulation N0M-041-SSA1-1993 and the EPA 608 and EPA 608.1 methods described by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Nitrogen (N) loss by leaching was assessed evaluating nine treatments by combining two factors: dose (250, 200 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) and application fractionated doses (2, 3 y 4). Results: Pesticides such as ?-hexachlorocyclohexane (?-HCH), heptachlor heptachloroepoxide, ?-endosulfan, ? endosulfan, sulfate-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4.4’DDE) were found in groundwater of deep wells of agroecosystems with sugarcane. Application of low doses of N resulted in lower losses of N due to leaching. A dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N, applied in two, three, and four fractions, generated N losses between 15.40 to 18.18 kg ha-1, which means a loss of up to 12.1%. Conclusions: Groundwater contamination by agrochemicals, such as pesticides is indubitable; so, reducing such contamination should be a priority for crop growers involved. Also, nitrogen, soil and water management and conservation practices must be done. This will result in a less negative impact to the environment and public health. Water and nitrogen fertilizers management at plot level are to be improved in order to increase water irrigation and nitrogen efficiency in agricultural areas

Educación emergente para la enseñanza de la bioestadística en enfermería

El proceso educativo mide parámetros de ingreso, permanecía y egreso de los estudiantes, pero existen altos nivel de deserción, en México 23% de la población en edad universitaria se encuentra estudiando y el alto nivel de deserción (72% de acuerdo con la OCDE) pone en controversia la perspectiva para este nivel educativo. Con la pedagógica emergente surgen alternativas diferentes a las tradicionales que buscan modificar el proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje, la presente propuesta es para una de las asignaturas transversales en todo plan de estudios, sin importar el área disciplinar de formación, la estadística. El Comic BioMate para la enseñanza de la bioestadística en la licenciatura de Enfermería, presenta un proceso de aprendizaje basado en problemas, donde se inicia con situaciones que el alumno ya ha realizado de forma longitudinal en su vida escolar y después de una serie de ellos se introduce la parte de fórmulas, lo que permite entenderlas más fácilmente en el desarrollo matemático; así mismo proporciona un aprendizaje invertido (resuelve de forma sencilla los problemas en su casa y retroalimenta en clase), se ha realizado una prueba piloto con cuatro estudiantes, los cuales resolvieron los dos primeros tomos, obteniendo una calificación promedio mayor a 9.0