Performance of likelihood ratios considering bounds on the probability of observing misleading evidence

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Law, Probability & Risk following peer review. The version of record Jose Juan Lucena-Molina, Daniel Ramos-Castro, Joaquin Gonzalez-Rodriguez; Performance of likelihood ratios considering bounds on the probability of observing misleading evidence. Law, Probability and Risk 2015; 14 (3): 175-192 is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lpr/mgu022In this article, we introduce a new tool, namely 'Limit Tippett Plots', to assess the performance of likelihood ratios in evidence evaluation including theoretical bounds on the probability of observing misleading evidence. To do that, we first review previous work about such bounds. Then we derive 'Limit Tippett Plots' that complements Tippett plots with information about the limits on the probability of observing misleading evidence, which are taken as a reference. Thus, a much richer way to measure performance of likelihood ratios is given. Finally, we present an experimental example in forensic automatic speaker recognition following the protocols of the Acoustics Laboratory of Guardia Civil, where it can be seen that 'Limit Tippett Plots' help to detect problems in the calculation of likelihood ratios

[S,S]-EDDS Ligand as a Soil Solubilizer of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu to Improve Plant Nutrition in Deficient Soils

The deficiencies of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in calcareous soils are a worldwide problem affecting plant growth and fruit quality, usually minimized by the application of recalcitrant synthetic metal chelates. Biodegradable ligand [S,S]- EDDS is an eco-friendly substitute. This study investigates the capacity of [S,S]-EDDS to mobilize micronutrients from agronomic soils and improve plant nutrition. A batch and a plant experiment (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Pole) with three agronomic soils was conducted to monitor the micronutrients solubilized by [S,S]-EDDS, the ligand degradation, and plant uptake. The results demonstrated the high capacity of [S,S]-EDDS to solubilize Fe and other micronutrients related to its chemical behavior and the enhancement of plant nutrition. The best results were shown in sandy-clay soil with low Fe, typically found in the Mediterranean areas. The results support the direct application of the ligand to soils and a possible biotechnological application of the ligandproducer bacteriaAuthors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project: RTI2018-096268-B-I00, and the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and Structural Funds 2014−2020 (ERDF and ESF) project AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-433

Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow

This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 16/03354), and the University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth Employment Program.Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. For this end, automation is key. In search of this automation, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has defined a reference NFV framework that make use of model-driven templates called Network Service Descriptors (NSDs) to operate network services through their lifecycle. For the scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among which a network service instance can be resized throughout its lifecycle. Thus, the design of these levels is key for ensuring an effective scaling. In this article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative NS. This NSD includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to automatically scale this NS. Then, we show the different scaling procedures the NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally, we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing the scaling operation.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 16/03354)University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth Employment Program

Network slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, architectures and challenges

The fifth generation of mobile communications is anticipated to open up innovation opportunities for new industries such as vertical markets. However, these verticals originate myriad use cases with diverging requirements that future 5G networks have to efficiently support. Network slicing may be a natural solution to simultaneously accommodate over a common network infrastructure the wide range of services that vertical-specific use cases will demand. In this article, we present the network slicing concept, with a particular focus on its application to 5G systems. We start by summarizing the key aspects that enable the realization of so-called network slices. Then, we give a brief overview on the SDN architecture proposed by the ONF and show that it provides tools to support slicing. We argue that although such architecture paves the way for network slicing implementation, it lacks some essential capabilities that can be supplied by NFV. Hence, we analyze a proposal from the ETSI to incorporate the capabilities of SDN into the NFV architecture. Additionally, we present an example scenario that combines SDN and NFV technologies to address the realization of network slices. Finally, we summarize the open research issues with the purpose of motivating new advances in this field

¿Cómo influyen las experiencias de juego tempranas, en la compra de marcas de automóviles de lujo en la adultez de los bogotanos?

El presente estudio es una herramienta útil para aquellas empresas de productos de lujo que busquen construir o mejorar su relación con sus consumidores, pues a través del poder que tiene el cobranding, capitalizarán el potencial que tienen sus marcas y enamorarán a sus consumidores desde etapas tempranas de su vida, lo que sin duda aportará significativamente a la construcción de una relación leal, dinámica y perdurable.Introducción ; Desarrollo ; Marco teórico ; Metodología ; Conclusiones de la investigación ; Limitaciones e implicaciones del trabajo ; ReferenciasMagíster en Dirección de Marketing, CESA.Maestrí

STEAM in Primary Education. Impact on Linguistic and Mathematical Competences in a Disadvantaged Context

This research has studied the impact of the use of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) in education, specifically in the development of linguistic and mathematical skills. The instruments used to extract the learning results were the external evaluation tests carried out by the National Institute of Educational Evaluation INEE over a period of 4 years. The study included 242 third-level primary school students from an educational center in the city of Ceuta (Spain) located in a disadvantaged area. The objectives of the study were to describe the learning results obtained in the respective competencies according to the sex and the migratory history of the students’ parents, to compare the results obtained before and during the use of STEAM and to determine if there is a correlation between the understanding of writing and problem solving. The research method was quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. The results of the study showed that the transversal and coordinated use of STEAM improves the learning outcomes of linguistic and mathematical competence of students of the third year of Primary Education, especially speaking, oral comprehension and calculation. The results were, in general, more positive in the case of girls and students whose parents were born in Spain. The study also revealed that there is a positive correlation between reading comprehension and problem solving

Informe DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System)

Obtención de normas para el análisis foliar del olivo en Jaén según “Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System” (DRIS) partiendo de la base de datos de FERTIBERIA. El DRIS es un ventajoso sistema de diagnostico del estado nutricional de las plantas y si se corrobora la eficacia de desarrollar este sistema para el olivo, a partir de la base de datos de FERTIBERIA, podría ser aplicado a otros cultivos en sus respectivas zonas. Con los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo del DRIS para el olivar en Jaén se puede valorar esta utilidad de la base de datos

Soil temperature determines the reaction of olive cultivars to verticillium dahliae pathotypes

Development of Verticillium wilt in olive, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, can be influenced by biotic and environmental factors. In this study we modeled i) the combined effects of biotic factors (i.e., pathotype virulence and cultivar susceptibility) and abiotic factors (i.e., soil temperature) on disease development and ii) the relationship between disease severity and several remote sensing parameters and plant stress indicators. Methodology: Plants of Arbequina and Picual olive cultivars inoculated with isolates of defoliating and non-defoliating V. dahliae pathotypes were grown in soil tanks with a range of soil temperatures from 16 to 32°C. Disease progression was correlated with plant stress parameters (i.e., leaf temperature, steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical reflectance index, chlorophyll content, and ethylene production) and plant growth-related parameters (i.e., canopy length and dry weight). Findings: Disease development in plants infected with the defoliating pathotype was faster and more severe in Picual. Models estimated that infection with the defoliating pathotype was promoted by soil temperatures in a range of 16 to 24°C in cv. Picual and of 20 to 24°C in cv. Arbequina. In the non-defoliating pathotype, soil temperatures ranging from 16 to 20°C were estimated to be most favorable for infection. The relationship between stress-related parameters and disease severity determined by multinomial logistic regression and classification trees was able to detect the effects of V. dahliae infection and colonization on water flow that eventually cause water stress. Conclusions: Chlorophyll content, steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature were the best indicators for Verticillium wilt detection at early stages of disease development, while ethylene production and photochemical reflectance index were indicators for disease detection at advanced stages. These results provide a better understanding of the differential geographic distribution of V. dahliae pathotypes and to assess the potential effect of climate change on Verticillium wilt development.Financial support for this research was provided by Project P08-AGR-03528 from ‘‘Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia’’ of Junta de Andalucía and the European Social Fund (JANC), and projects AGL-2012-37521 (JANC) and AGL2012-40053-C03-01 (PJZT) from the Spanish ‘‘Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad’’ and the European Social Fund. R. Calderón is a recipient of research fellowship BES-2010-035511 from the Spanish ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’’ and C. Lucena was a recipient of a JAE-DOC postdoctoral contract from ‘‘Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas’’ (CSIC) co-funded by the European Social Fund. TPeer Reviewe

Analysis-based learning experiences of project: collaborative practices B-Learning

Viene sucediendo de manera continuada cierto distanciamiento entre espacio educativo y realidad social afirmándose esa relación antagónica entre ambos. Bajo esta consideración, el cambio didáctico-pedagógico y organizativo se conforma, hoy más que nunca, como un reclamo que al mismo tiempo ambiciona aprovechar la integración de las TIC para establecer significativos los procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza y considerar la gestión y practicidad del conocimiento. Así, los aprendizajes basados en problemas (PBL) se conforman como una oportunidad para la comunicación, la colaboración, el compromiso, el ejercicio de un sentimiento transformacional, la innovación reflexiva y crítica, entre otras. De este modo, nuestra experiencia b-learning con herramientas web 2.0, pretende convertirse en una oportunidad para la expresión compartida que irradie en forma significativa un pensamiento vivido fruto de la interacción efectiva con el medio desde el ejercicio de la competencia emocional.It comes happening from continued way certain spacing between educative space and social reality affirming that antagonistic relation between both. Under this consideration, the didactic-pedagogical and organizational change is satisfied, today more than ever, like a reclamation that at the same time seeks to take advantage of integration the TIC to establish significant the learning processes and education and to consider the management and practice of the knowledge. Thus, the learning based on projects (PBL) are satisfied like an opportunity for the communication, the collaboration, the commitment, the exercise of a transformational feeling, the reflective and critical innovation, among others. In this way, our experience b-learning with tools Web 2,0, tries to become an opportunity for the shared expression that radiates significant a thought lived fruit on the effective interaction with means from the exercise of the emotional competition