Effects of database choice on international accounting research.

Data availability is one of the traditional obstacles confronting researchers carrying out international empirical studies in accounting. In recent years several databases have claimed to offer comprehensive coverage of accounting and financial data of firms worldwide. We analyse whether the choice of database has an effect on the results of empirical studies. We find that the results of a simple empirical adaptation of the Ohlson (1995) model for fourteen member states of the European Union change significantly depending on the database chosen (Datastream, Global Vantage, Company Analysis, Worldscope, Thomson Financial, Financials and BvD Osiris). These differences are mainly attributable to differences in the samples across databases. When we match observations across all databases the differences persist but are much less pronounced. Our main conclusion is that database choice matters, as it leads to different results when the same research design is used.Database comparability; International empirical research;

Generación automática de entornos de simulación con interfaces inteligentes

Este artículo describe cómo generar automáticamente entornos de simulación con interfaces de usuario inteligente, a partir de la descripción del modelo de simulación. Para ello hemos utilizado nuestro propio lenguaje de simulación continua orientado a objetos, OOCSMP, un compilador realizado para este lenguaje, capaz de generar código en C++ para las simulaciones y la interfaz, y un gestor de tareas de usuario, ATOMS, también construido por nosotros, capaz de ofrecer facilidades runtime a los usuarios de las aplicaciones.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por el Plan Nacional de Investigación, proyecto número TIC96-0723-C02-01/02

Effects of database choice on international accounting research

Data availability is one of the traditional obstacles confronting researchers carrying out international empirical studies in accounting. In recent years several databases have claimed to offer comprehensive coverage of accounting and financial data of firms worldwide. We analyse whether the choice of database has an effect on the results of empirical studies. We find that the results of a simple empirical adaptation of the Ohlson (1995) model for fourteen member states of the European Union change significantly depending on the database chosen (Datastream, Global Vantage, Company Analysis, Worldscope, Thomson Financial, Financials and BvD Osiris). These differences are mainly attributable to differences in the samples across databases. When we match observations across all databases the differences persist but are much less pronounced. Our main conclusion is that database choice matters, as it leads to different results when the same research design is used.Publicad

Market rewards to patterns on increasing earnings : do cash flow patterns, accruals manipulation and real activities manipulation matter?

This study explores whether firms have differential price-earnings multiples associated with their means of achieving a sequential pattern of increasing positive earnings. Our main findings show that market participants assign higher price-earnings multiples to firms when their pattern of increasing earnings is supported by the same pattern of increasing cash flows. Market participants assign lower price-earnings multiples to firms suspect of having engaged in accrual-based earnings management, sales manipulation, and overproduction to achieve the earnings pattern. We find, however, that market participants do not penalize firms suspect of having achieved the earnings pattern through the opportunistic reduction of discretionary expenses

Engineering recommender systems for modelling languages: Concept, tool and evaluation

Recommender systems (RSs) are ubiquitous in all sorts of online applications, in areas like shopping, media broadcasting, travel and tourism, among many others. They are also common to help in software engineering tasks, including software modelling, where we are recently witnessing proposals to enrich modelling languages and environments with RSs. Modelling recommenders assist users in building models by suggesting items based on previous solutions to similar problems in the same domain. However, building a RS for a modelling language requires considerable effort and specialised knowledge. To alleviate this problem, we propose an automated, model-driven approach to create RSs for modelling languages. The approach provides a domain-specific language called Droid to configure every aspect of the RS: the type of the recommended modelling elements, the gathering and preprocessing of training data, the recommendation method, and the metrics used to evaluate the created RS. The RS so configured can be deployed as a service, and we offer out-of-the-box integration with Eclipse modelling editors. Moreover, the language is extensible with new data sources and recommendation methods. To assess the usefulness of our proposal, we report on two evaluations. The first one is an offline experiment measuring the precision, completeness and diversity of recommendations generated by several methods. The second is a user study – with 40 participants – to assess the perceived quality of the recommendations. The study also contributes with a novel evaluation methodology and metrics for RSs in model-driven engineeringEU Horizon 2020 No 813884, TED2021-129381B-C21,PID2021-122270OB-I00, PID2019-108965GB-I00, PID2019-108965GB-I0

About two major and recent reforms of our Commercial Law: corporations and second chance

Este artículo comenta las reformas llevadas a cabo en la legislación mercantil relativas a sociedades de capital y segunda oportunidad. La Ley 31/2014, de 3 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley de Sociedades de Capital para la mejora del gobierno corporativo y la Ley y el Real Decreto-Ley 1/2015, de 27 de febrero, de mecanismo de segunda opor­tunidad, reducción de carga financiera y otras medidas de orden socia

Biosorción de plomo con hueso de aceituna en columna de lecho fijo

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la biosorción de plomo con hueso de aceituna como sólido adsorbente, utilizando una columna de lecho fijo, analizando las principales variables de operación como altura de relleno, caudal de alimentación y concentración inicial de metal. Los resultados muestran que a medida que disminuye el caudal de alimentación aumenta el tiempo de ruptura y la retención de plomo por el hueso de aceituna. Así mismo, al aumentar la altura de lecho también se incrementa el tiempo de ruptura pasando de 45 a 180 minutos cuando la altura pasa de 4,4 a 13,4 cm. El análisis de la curva de ruptura muestra que el porcentaje retenido hasta alcanzar la saturación de la columna es significativamente mayor cuando la concentración inicial de plomo es de 10 mg/L, a partir de la cualpermanece prácticamente constante. Sin embargo, la capacidadde biosorción del hueso aumenta ligeramente al elevarse la concentración inicial de plomo, hasta alcanzar un valor máximo de 2,020 mg/g para una concentración de Pb(II) de 100 mg/L. El modelo de Thomas reproduce de forma aceptable la curva de ruptura para las tres concentraciones iniciales de plomo analizadas

CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF KOSOVO AND RWANDA VICTIMS

Objective: Crimes occurred in Rwanda (1994) and Kosovo (1999) have been considered as genocides. Our main objective was to describe the difference between the crimes committed in Kosovo and Rwanda based on the victims found in each area according to their age, gender, and way to die. Methods: Bodies were found in those places selected by field observers. We have included all human and material elements that were found near the bodies in Rwanda and Kosovo. We also have taken photographs to the lesions in some cases to document our findings. As a criterion for inclusion, it was necessary to be able to identify the form of death and the ethnic group (in Rwanda, Tutsi or moderate Hutus, and in Kosovo, the Kosovar Albanian victims). All samples that did not meet the requirements to determine personal characteristics were excluded. Results: A total of 1044 bodies were individually studied, 857 from Rwanda and 187 from Kosovo. Our results reveal differences in the injuries presented in most Rwandan victims, were most were due to machetes or canes, and those in Kosovo where most were due to firearms or explosions. Most of the bodies studied in Rwanda belong to the Tutsi ethnic group and were not buried. However, the majority of the bodies found in Kosovo were individually buried. Conclusions: We conclude that there are differences in the studied victims attending to their characteristic and their wounds in Kosovo and Rwanda

Platinum nanoparticles stabilized by N-heterocyclic thiones. Synthesis and catalytic activity in mono- and di-hydroboration of alkynes

N-Heterocyclic Thiones (NHT) proved to be efficient ligands for the stabilization of small platinum nanoparticles (1.3-1.7 nm), synthesized by decomposition of [Pt(dba)2], under a H2 atmosphere, in the presence of variable sub-stoichiometric amounts of the NHT. Full characterization by means of TEM, HR-TEM, NMR, ICP, TGA and XPS have been carried out, providing information about the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the interaction of the NHT ligands to the metal surface. Importantly, DFT calculations indicate that some NHT ligands interact with the metal through the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond of the imidazole fragment in addition to the sulfur atom, thus providing additional stabilization to the nanoparticles. According to XPS, TGA and ICP techniques, the surface coverage by the ligand increases by decreasing the size of the substituents on the nitrogen atom. The platinum nanoparticles have been used as catalyst in the hydroboration of alkynes. The most active system is that with a less covered surface area lacking an interaction of the ligand by means of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond. This catalyst hydroborates alkynes with excellent selectivities towards the monoborylated anti-Markovnikov product (vinyl-boronate) when one equiv. of borane is used. Very interestingly, aliphatic alkynes undergo a second hydroborylation process leading to the corresponding 1,1- and 1,2-diboroylated species with good selectivities towards the former.España MINECO (Projects CTQ2016-76267-P, CTQ2016-80814-R and CTQ2016- 81797-REDC)España Junta de Andalucía Project FQM-212

Recovery, separation and production of fuel, plastic and aluminum from the Tetra PAK waste to hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes

The establishment of a method of separation of materials from Tetra Pak waste to obtain products for use as raw material, fuel or other purposes was investigated in this study. First, the feasibility of hydrothermal treatment for the production of a solid fuel (hydrochar) and solid fraction formed by polyethylene and aluminum, called composite was analyzed. The results indicated that hydrothermal treatment performed at 240 ◦C yield the formation of hydrochar with good properties for its use as fuel and a composite of polyethylene and aluminum. The best conversion and separation of the cardboard and polyethylene/aluminum were obtained using 120 min as operating time. Then, the recovery of the aluminum fraction from the composite by using spent olive oil waste was studied. A partial separation of the composite layers (polyethylene and aluminum) was accomplished with improved aluminum purity for higher operating temperatures. Finally, the operating conditions of the pyrolysis process for the production of a solid (char) and high purity composite (aluminum) were optimized. The characterization results indicated that both char and aluminum resulting from the pyrolysis of the Tetra Pak at 400 ◦C still have a significant amount of polyethylene while higher purity levels of aluminum can be obtained at temperatures equal of higher than 500 ◦C