24 research outputs found
Factor structure and measurement invariance across various demographic groups and over time for the phq-9 in primary care patients in spain
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a widely-used screening tool for depression in primary care settings. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factor structure of the PHQ-9 and to examine the measurement invariance of this instrument across different sociodemographic groups and over time in a sample of primary care patients in Spain. Data came from 836 primary care patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (PsicAP study) and a subsample of 218 patients who participated in a follow-up assessment at 3 months. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test one- and two-factor structures identified in previous studies. Analyses of multiple-group invariance were conducted to determine the extent to which the factor structure is comparable across various demo- graphic groups (i.e., gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment situa- tion) and over time. Both one-factor and two-factor re-specified models met all the pre- established fit criteria. However, because the factors identified in the two-factor model were highly correlated (r = .86), the one-factor model was preferred for its parsimony. Multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across different demographic groups and across time. The present findings suggest that physicians in Spain can use the PHQ-9 to obtain a global score for depression severity in different demographic groups and to reliably monitor changes over time in the primary care setting
Aplicaciones electroquĂmicas al tratamiento de aguas residuales
El presente libro tiene como finalidad compilar numerosas investigaciones en el campo de la tecnologĂa electroquĂmica y sus aplicaciones ambientales, contando con la colaboraciĂłn de un gran nĂşmero de investigadores tanto nacionales como extranjeros, proponiendo con ello una visiĂłn amplia dentro de la aplicaciĂłn de la electroquĂmica. Los temas que integran esta obra se escogieron cuidadosamente considerando desde los principios básicos de la electroquĂmica aplicada al tratamiento de aguas residuales hasta los parámetros a considerar durante el diseño, operaciĂłn y evaluaciĂłn de dichos sistemas, sin dejar de lado las aplicaciones utilizadas en la actualidad en la industria, la docencia y la investigaciĂłn. Este libro reĂşne diversas temáticas por lo que puede considerarse como un compendio de aquellos elementos que el lector requiere para poder tener una visiĂłn amplia de las aplicaciones de la electroquĂmica en el campo del tratamiento de agua residual.En el CapĂtulo 1 se presenta una primera impresiĂłn de los Fundamentes de la ElectroquĂmica Ambiental, en donde los autores explican cĂłmo esta disciplina es una nueva área de la ciencia en donde se emplean conocimientos de ElectroquĂmica, IngenierĂa QuĂmica y Ciencia de Materiales, asĂ como las aplicaciones especĂficas para la remediaciĂłn ambiental. En el CapĂtulo 2 los autores ofrecen una descripciĂłn de los principales parámetros fisicoquĂmicos y biolĂłgicos que se emplean para definir a la calidad del agua. Este capĂtulo describe en funciĂłn de quĂ© caracterĂsticas fĂsicas, quĂmicas y biolĂłgicas se puede evaluar a un agua residual asĂ como tambiĂ©n la aplicaciĂłn de estas caracterĂsticas como variables de control de un proceso de tratamiento y tambiĂ©n como el empleo de ellas para limitar las concentraciones máximas permisibles de descarga de aguas residuales. El CapĂtulo 3 se refiere a uno de los procesos más empleados en el tratamiento de agua: la coagulaciĂłn-floculaciĂłn. Se aborda desde una Ăłptica teĂłrica hasta la descripciĂłn de un ejemplo de aplicaciĂłn en la industria. Resulta importante incluir este capĂtulo ya que uno de los mĂ©todos más prometedores en la electroquĂmica ambiental es la electrocoagulaciĂłn, la cual se narra en el CapĂtulo 6. Las bases de las celdas de laboratorio y reactores industriales electroquĂmicos se relatan en el CapĂtulo 4. En particular, se refieren las implicaciones que tienen las principales caracterĂsticas fĂsicas y de diseño de celdas de laboratorio y reactores electroquĂmicos industriales que permiten obtener transformaciones eficientes gracias a un correcto control del potencial de electrodo en estos sistemas. La implementaciĂłn de procesos electroquĂmicos para su aplicaciĂłn a nivel industrial, requiere del diseño eficiente del dispositivo central: el reactor electroquĂmico. Por lo que, en el CapĂtulo 5 se presentan los elementos de análisis de reactores electroquĂmicos para su diseño y caracterizaciĂłn. El CapĂtulo 7 describe bajo quĂ© circunstancias se puede llevar a cabo el proceso de electroflotaciĂłn. Los autores muestran cĂłmo este proceso está influenciado por el pH de la soluciĂłn acuosa, la densidad de corriente y el tipo de electrodos que se emplean. El lector encontrará en el CapĂtulo 8 las bases teĂłricas de uno de los procesos que involucra la quĂmica de la reacciĂłn de Fenton, asĂ como las aplicaciones ambientales para el tratamiento de soluciones sintĂ©ticas y reales con diferentes contaminantes refractarios, tales como plaguicidas, colorantes, productos de cuidado personal, fármacos y residuos quĂmicos industriales. En el CapĂtulo 9 se presentan algunos conceptos fundamentales sobre la ElectrooxidaciĂłn, tambiĂ©n conocida como oxidaciĂłn electroquĂmica, la cual está enfocada a realizar la oxidaciĂłn de contaminantes presentes en aguas residuales sobre la superficie de electrodos. La tecnologĂa para la electrogeneraciĂłn de perĂłxido de hidrĂłgeno y su empleo en el tratamiento de agua residual se describe en el CapĂtulo 10. Uno de los metales pesados que tienen un alto grado de toxicidad en el ambiente es el Cr(VI), el cual no puede ser removido por mĂ©todos convencionales por lo que una tecnologĂa que puede emplearse en este tratamiento se relata en el CapĂtulo 11. En el CapĂtulo 12 se presentan los avances más recientes cuando se emplean los mĂ©todos electroquĂmicos con algĂşn otro tipo de tratamiento, lo que ha resultado en la obtenciĂłn de sinergias en los procesos, lo que implica una reducciĂłn en los costos de operaciĂłn. Finalmente, en el CapĂtulo 13, se presenta el tema de usos y aplicaciones de sensores quĂmicos y electroquĂmicos para la detecciĂłn de contaminantes en agua y agua residual
Nationalism and independence in Spain: Basques and Catalans.
Basques are more separatist than Catalans because of dependent development in the Basque Country. The main features of Basque dependent development have been (1) an unbalanced economic structure, excessively specialized in the production of capital goods and (2) a bourgeoisie which has not identified with regional interests. Survey data from March of 1988 show that the goal of political independence is supported by twenty percent of Basque respondents and by only twelve percent of Catalan respondents. Moreover, Basque nationalism has been more anti-capitalist than has Catalan nationalism. The similarity between the Basque Country and Catalonia in many socio-economic and cultural variables has narrowed the field of competing hypotheses. Separatism in a highly developed society like the Basque Country allows for the rejection of the hypothesis that separatism and anti-capitalism should be a feature of nationalism arising from underdevelopment. The Basque case illustrates that levels of development are not responsible for the character of nationalism. Survey data analysis has also suggested that higher levels of separatism in the Basque Country, relative to Catalonia, are not the product of either cultural differences or of differences in the perception of ethnic competition between the Basque Country and Catalonia. In fact, cultural differences and differences in the perception of ethnic competition are suppressors of the disparity in levels of separatism between the two regions. This dissertation has shown that separatism in the Basque Country is caused by regional dependent development. As a result, Basques are more anti-capitalist than Catalans and the association between separatism and anti-capitalism is stronger in the Basque Country than in Catalonia. Basques are also more likely to think that the regional upper class has better served state interests than regional interests than Catalans. This difference in perceptions explains a significant portion of the regional disparity in separatist levels. Finally, survey data analysis has also shown that Basques are more separatist than Catalans partially because the economic crisis has been more harmful in the Basque Country than in Catalonia.Ph.D.Social structureUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162299/1/9001618.pd
Introduction du panel “The struggling European model of culture and memory"
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Naciones divididas Clase, politica y nacionalismo en el Pais Vasco y CataluNa
Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai
Metodos de analisis causal
Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai
The Macroeconomic Factors Conditioning the Impact of Identity on Attitudes towards the EU
The macro economic factors conditioning the impact of identity on attitudes towards the E
ADAR1 polymorphisms are related to severity of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients
The adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) gene is an interferon-stimulated gene involved in liver injury protection. Our aim was to analyze the association of polymorphisms within this gene with the severity of liver disease in European HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in 220 patients that underwent a liver biopsy. Five SNPs in the ADAR1 gene (rs1127326, rs1127317, rs1127314, rs1127313, rs2229857) were genotyped by GoldenGate assay. The outcome variables were fibrosis stage and necroinflammatory activity grade by METAVIR-score, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4 index, and fibrosis progression rate (FPR). In multivariate analysis, fibrosis progression rate (FPR) (aAMRs = 0.97) decreased in a dose-dependent manner with the presence of rs2229857_T, rs1127313_G, rs1127314_G and rs1127317_G; while rs1127326_T allele had only significant associations with FIB-4 (aAMRs ≤ 0.63) and FPR (aAMRs ≤ 0.97). Moreover, carriers of rs2229857_T, rs1127314_G, rs1127317_G, and rs1127326_T alleles were protected against advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) (adjusted ORs (aORs) ≤ 0.44), APRI ≥ 1.5 (aORs ≤ 0.33), and FPR ≥ 0.075 (aORs ≤ 0.45). rs1127313_G carriers showed lower odds of having F ≥ 3 (aORs = 0.39), FIB4 ≥ 3.25 (aOR = 0.22) and FPR ≥ 0.075 (aORs = 0.44). In conclusion, ADAR1 polymorphisms protected against severe liver disease in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. These results could be used to improve therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice.This work has been supported by grants given by Fondo de Investigación de Sanidad en España (FIS) [Spanish Health Founds for Research] [grant numbers PI14/01094, PI14CIII/00011] and Red Española de Investigación en SIDA (RIS) [AIDS Research Network] [grant numbers RD16CIII/0002/0002 and RD16/0025/0017]. This work has been (partially) funded by the RD16/0025 project as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). LMM, MAJS, AFR, and LV are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” [grant numbers CD14/00002, CD13/00013, CP14/0010, and PEJ15/BIO/AI-0156, respectively]. JB is an investigator from the Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (I3SNS).S