Maxillomandibular giant osteosclerotic lesions

Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) are a group of rarely reported intraosseous lesions. Their precise diagnosis is important since they can be confused with malignant neoplasms. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to record and analyze the clinical and radiographic Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) detected in the maxillomandibular area of patients attending to our institution. Materials and Methods: Informed consent from the patients was obtained and those cases of 2.5 cm or larger lesions with radiopaque or mixed (radiolucid-radiopaque) appearance located in the maxillofacial bones were selected. Assessed parameters were: age, gender, radiographic aspect, shape, borders, size, location and relations to roots. Lesions were classified as radicular, apical, interradicular, interradicular-apical, radicular-apical or located in a previous teeth extraction area. Additionally, several osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs) were assessed. Results: Seventeen radiopacities in 14 patients were found and were located almost exclusively in mandible and were two types: idiopathic osteosclerosis and condensing osteitis. GOLs were more frequent in females, and in the anterior and premolar zones. 94.2% of GOLs were qualified as idiopathic osteosclerosis and one case was condensing osteitis. All studied cases showed different osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs). The most common were: Microdontia, hypodontia, pulp stones, macrodontia and variations in the mental foramina. Conclusions: GOLs must be differentiated from other radiopaque benign and malignant tumors. Condensing osteitis, was considered an anomalous osseous response induced by a chronic low-grade inflammatory stimulus. For development of idiopathic osteosclerosis, two possible mechanisms could be related. The first is modification of the normal turnover with excessive osseous deposition. The second mechanism will prevent the normal bone resorption, arresting the osseous breakdown process

Examen práctico de Inspectores del Banco de España

Parte 1. Análisis patrimonial y económico de una empresa. Cálculo del valor de la empresa. Proyección de los estados financieros. Parte 2. Opinión sobre la política financiera y de riesgo. Perímetro de la consolidación. Cálculo de los recursos propios consolidados

Dental developmental alterations in patients with dilacerated teeth

The aim of this study was to record and analyze all DDAs associated to dilacerated teeth in patients attending the clinics of the Postgraduate Division, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM in Mexico City. Orthopantomograms from all patients seeking for stomatological attention in our institution were reviewed and those cases of dilaceration were separated. Age, gender, diagnosis, location, involved teeth and associated DDAs were recorded and analyzed. From 6,340 patients, 99 (1.6%) harbored 125 dilacerated teeth. Of them, 45 (45.5%) showed one or more DDAs. The most frequently detected DDAs were hypodontia, enamel pearls, taurodontism and microdontia. 45.5% is a very high proportion of DDAs in patients with dilacerated roots. Findings from this study strongly suggest that patients with dilacerated teeth should be carefully screened since many of them could present other DDAs. Simultaneous occurrence of dilaceration and DDAs suggests synchronic developmental defects during dental growth

Un Acercamiento A La Relación Pitagórica A Través Del Cálculo De Ternas

The Pythagorean Theorem and more formally the Pythagorean Relationship (PR), is one of the most well-known and used results in the context of school mathematics, given that it is an axis of conceptual articulation between different areas of Mathematics. However, in the school context it is common for a Didactic Reductionism to be presented, only enunciating it and presenting the algebraic expression that relates the squares of the sides of a right triangle, leaving aside its great historical and epistemological significance. In view of this problem, this documentary research aims to design an alternative proposal to broaden the understanding of the Pythagorean Relationship, which is based on the calculation of Pythagorean Ternas. Three different methods are proposed to generate positive integers, that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem and suggest questions that can guide learning activities to promote the understanding of some important elements within Mathematics, particularly in reference to the identification of numerical patterns

Prevalence trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mexico City's General Hospital experience

Objective: Recent reports suggest an increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequency. To improve programs in public health, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in gender, age, anatomic zone and OSCC stage from Mexico City's General Hospital patients from 1990 to 2008. Study design: A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed by the Pathology Department of the Mexico City General Hospital was performed. Demographic data, in addition to anatomic zone and histological degree of differentiation were obtained. Central tendency, dispersion and prevalence rate per 100,000 individuals were determined. Results: A total of 531 patients were diagnosed with OSCC; 58.4% were men, giving a male:female ratio of 1.4:1, and the mean age was 62.5 ± 14.9 years. The predominant anatomic zone was the tongue (44.7%), followed by the lips (21.2%) and gums (20.5%). The most frequent histological degree was moderately differentiated in 325 cases (61.2%). The rates of OSCC prevalence showed similar patterns in terms across time. A significant correlation (P = 0.007) between anatomic zone and age was observed. Conclusion: According to our results, the prevalence of OSCC does not show important variations; however, a relation - ship between age and anatomic zone was observed. These data could be used as parameters for the diagnosis of OSCC as well as for the development and dissemination of preventive programs for the early detection of oral cancer

SEGUIMIENTO DE UNA INNOVACIÓN CURRICULAR: UNA ASIGNATURA DE MATEMÁTICAS

In this paper we propose an emerging framework that can be useful for monitoring a curricular innovation, considering as an element of analysis the fulfillment of the innovation’s objectives and its coherence with the proposed educative paradigm, into a setting of a mathematics course, which was designed to solve a problem of high failure rates in college calculus courses. It is emphasized the influence of variables that impact on the students’ construction of mathematical knowledge and the shift of paradigm