Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes en adolescentes de la Ciudad de Monterrey, Nuevo León

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) y de sus componentes en adolescentes del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México (AMM). Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal de población, que incluyó a 254 escolares con edades entre 10 a 19 años. Se investigó: características personales, mediciones antropométricas, glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol-HDL. Para determinar si un sujeto padecía SM, se adaptó la definición recomendada por el Nacional Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). Resultados: La prevalencia de SM fue de 9.4% (IC95%: 5.8 a 13.0), sin que se observaran diferencias significativas entre sexos. Los distintos componentes de SM tuvieron la siguiente prevalencia: hipertigliceridemia, 24.4%; obesidad abdominal, 20.1%; colesterol de alta densidad (HDL-c) bajo, 19.0%; niveles de glucosa elevados, 11.4 %, e hipertensión arterial: 9.1% diastólica y 5.9% sistólica. Los fenotipos de predicción de SM fueron índice de masa corporal (IMC) (OR = 4.93, IC95%: 2.26, 10.73), e interacción entre el IMC del adolescente y sus antecedentes familiares de obesidad (OR = 1.37, IC95%: 1.0, 1.87). Se observó que la diabetes tipo 2 familiar sólo tuvo un efecto marginal. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SM en escolares del AMM es alta, situación que resulta alarmante si este riesgo se mantiene durante el desarrollo y hasta la vida adulta. La obesidad en familiares de primero y segundo grados, junto con IMC del adolescente, son factores de predicción importantes de SM

Pruebas de diagnóstico para detectar la COVID-19: una metodología híbrida

El diagnóstico clínico es un requisito para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado en la práctica médica diaria. La implementación del tratamiento es variada: observar, prescribir medicamentos, iniciar procedimientos quirúrgicos, profilaxis para futuras complicaciones, prevención de combinación inadecuada de medicamentos y, en estos tiempos, aislamiento u hospitalización de pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Impact of an exercise program on acylcarnitines in obesity: a prospective controlled study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acylcarnitine (AC) transport dysfunction into the mitochondrial matrix is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The effect of an aerobic exercise (AE) program on this condition in obese subjects without DM is unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective, randomized, longitudinal, interventional study in a University Research Center involved a 10-week AE program in 32 women without DM and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 kg/m². (Cases n = 17; Controls n = 15). The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of a controlled AE program on beta-oxidation according to modifications in short, medium, and long-chain ACs. Secondary objectives were to define the behavior of amino acids, and the correlation between these modifications with metabolic and anthropometric markers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The proportion of dropouts was 17% and 6% in controls and cases, respectively. In cases there was a significant reduction in total carnitine (30.40 [95% CI 28.2 to 35.6]) vs. (29.4 [CI 95% 25.1 to 31.7]) <it>p =</it> 0.0008 and long-chain AC C14 (0.06 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.08]) vs. (0.05 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.09]) <it>p =</it> 0.005 and in C18 (0.31 [95% CI 0.27 to 0.45]) vs. (0.28 [95% CI 0.22 to 0.32]) <it>p =</it> 0.03. Free fatty acid levels remained without change during the study in both groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, a controlled 10-week AE program improved beta-oxidation by reducing long-chain ACs. This finding highlights the importance that AE might have in avoiding or reverting lipotoxicity, and in consequence, improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta cell functional reserve.</p

Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Metabolic Disease– Related Phenotypes in Mexico: Preliminary Report from the GEMM Family Study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in the Republic of Mexico, and metabolic syndrome, a complex of CVD risk factors, is increasingly prevalent. To date, however, there have been few studies of the genetic epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. As a first step in implementing the GEMM Family Study, a large, multicenter collaborative study, we recruited 375 individuals in 21 extended families, without ascertainment on disease, at 9 medical institutions across Mexico. Participants were measured for anthropometric (stature, weight, waist circumference) and hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate) phenotypes; glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured in fasting blood. Variance components– based quantitative genetic analyses were performed using SOLAR. All phenotypes except diastolic blood pressure were significantly heritable. Consistent with the definition of metabolic syndrome, many phenotypes exhibited significant environmental correlation, and significant genetic correlations were found between measures of adiposity and fasting glucose an