Características ecológicas y socio-espaciales como factores de sustentabilidad ambiental en parques urbanos: caso de estudio “Parque el Paraíso, Cuenca (Ecuador)”

Los parques urbanos cumplen un rol fundamental en el desarrollo sustentable de toda ciudad moderna, ya que brindan servicios sociales, ecológicos y económicos. En la actualidad los modelos de desarrollo urbano se enfocan en lograr un óptimo de estas esferas, por este motivo, los parques urbanos tienen un papel primordial dentro de las ciudades, sin embargo, para entender el verdadero impacto que tienen en el desarrollo sustentable se debe realizar un estudio integral, donde confluyan los ámbitos del desarrollo sustentable en uno solo. Por este motivo, se exploró las condiciones de sustentabilidad en parques urbanos, a partir del análisis de sus características ecológicas y socio-espaciales como indicadores determinantes para una aproximación a la sustentabilidad de los parques urbanos. Se utilizaron índices e indicadores (permeabilidad del suelo, funcionalidad ecológica de parques urbanos, confort acústico, percepción de seguridad y aceptación social). Además, se realizó un estudio del parque el Paraíso en Cuenca Ecuador, dentro del cual se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: un valor de 89,23% en términos de aproximación a la sustentabilidad con un aporte de 90,2% en las características físico-bióticas y un 88,27% en las características sociales. Una vez realizada la ponderación obtuvo un total de 20/20Abstract: Green urban areas fulfill a fundamental role in the sustainable development of every modern city, given that they provide social and economic services. Nowadays the urban development models are focused on achieving an optimal of these development spheres, for this reason urban parks have an essential role cities. However, to fully understand the true impact that they have in sustainable developments we have to perform a comprehensive study where all areas of development converge into one. For this reason, the aim is to explore sustainability conditions in urban parks, based on the analysis of their ecological and socio-spatial characteristics, as determinant indicators for an approach to the sustainability of urban parks, using a group of indices and indicators (Soil permeability, Ecological functionality of urban parks, Acoustic comfort, Perception of safety and social acceptance), In addition, a study of El Paraíso Park in Cuenca Ecuador will be carried out, this park has relevant characteristics within the city, therefore its results are interesting at the moment of analyzing them for being inside the city. The park obtained a value of 89.23% in terms of sustainability proximity, with a contribution of 90.2% in the physical-biotic characteristics and 88.27% in the social characteristics. Once the weighting was done, it obtained a total of 20/20.Maestrí

Relación del síndrome de burnout y el rendimiento académico en la emergencia sanitaria 2021 de los estudiantes de la E.P. de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la UCSM - Arequipa

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento académico mediante el test Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) del Síndrome de Burnout durante el período de emergencia sanitaria 2021 de los estudiantes de la E.P de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Católica de Santa María. Se investigó el rendimiento académico actual mediante el tratamiento de los promedios ponderados del semestre impar 2021, se aplicó el test MBIdel Síndrome de Burnout, se evaluó los resultados a fin de proponer estrategias colaborativas para disminuir el estrés y optimizar el rendimiento académico. Se procesaron los promedios ponderados del semestre impar, según la metodología de calificación de la UCSM. Se aplicaron herramientas informáticas como el software estadístico SPSS. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo y de pruebas gamma para evaluar la independencia entre variables, y al relacionar los datos de tipo ordinal e identificar su correlación mediante el estadístico tau-b de kendall que relaciona datos de tipo ordinal encontrando los siguientes valores: De las tres dimensiones se encontró que con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un sig aproximada de 0.002 comprueba que la dimensión “Agotamiento emocional está relacionada al año académico y mediante la evaluación de tau-b de Kendall se encontró que la nota ponderal tiene una correlación significativa con la dimensión de “realización personal” con un valor de 0.104 y con la dimensión de “despersonalización” es inversa, con un coeficiente de correlación de -0,170. El rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la UCSM, es el siguiente: El 3.7 % está ubicado en el nivel deficiente, 28,2% en el nivel regular, 47,0% en el nivel bueno, 19,8% en el nivel muy bueno y 1,3% en el nivel excelente. La nota promedio es inversa a la dimensión de “despersonalización”, pero posee una correlación significativa con la dimensión de “realización personal”. Finalmente se recomienda tomar acciones preventivas y correctivas por parte de las autoridades de la Universidad Católica Santa María a todo nivel

Distribuciones discretas en MDS para datos de disimilaridad generados mediante cuestionarios

En este trabajo se propone la utilización de distribuciones estadísticas discretas como alternativa a la distribución lognormal para la modelización de datos de disimilaridad provenientes de escalas con pocas modalidades en los modelos confirmatorios MDS de Ramsay y Vera. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que las distribuciones más apropiadas son las mixturas Poisson-lognormal y Poisson-gaussiana inversa. El análisis de datos simulados confirma la falta de adecuación de un modelo continuo a datos provenientes de las escalas generalmente utilizadas en los procedimientos de sondeo de opinión subjetiva de comparación de pares.We propose here the use of discrete statistical distributions for analysing dissimilarity data deriving from scales containing few categories as an alternative to the lognormal distribution used in Ramsay and Vera's MDS probabilistic models. Our results show that the most suitable distributions are Poisson-lognormal and Poisson-inverseGaussian mixtures. An analysis of simulated data confirms the inadequacy of a continuous model for analysing the data within the scales generally used in opinion polls requiring the subjective comparison of pairs of answers

Sequential extraction of almond hull biomass with pulsed electric fields (PEF) and supercritical CO2 for the recovery of lipids, carbohydrates and antioxidants

This work reports the first example of combined sequential extraction by pulsed electric fields (PEF) (3 kV/cm, 100 kJ/kg, 2 Hz, 100 ms) and supercritical (SC) fluid extraction (SFE) (15 MPa, 25 mL/min, 50ºC, 60 min) with CO2 (SC-CO2) for the valorisation of almond hull (AH) biomass. PEF+SFE boosted the efficiency of the protocol up to 77% for total antioxidant capacity and 20% in terms of polyphenols recovery compared to the traditional soaking. Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS analysis provided the phenolic profiles for the PEF and SC-CO2 extracts, observing significant differences in the polyphenol profile according to the technology applied. Additionally, NMR analysis detected the presence of the carbohydrate soluble (mainly glucose, fructose and sucrose) and lipidic fractions, both selectively extracted by PEF or SC-CO2, respectively. Finally, the post-extraction residual solid biomass was characterized by several techniques such as TGA, FT-IR and SEM. For the latter, the formation of surface pores after PEF and a high fibre compaction after SFE was observed. On the other hand, DTG curves allowed to firmly propose concurrent valorisation routes for this solid, in agreement with a zero-waste approach

Comparative EST transcript profiling of peach fruits under different post-harvest conditions reveals candidate genes associated with peach fruit quality

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cold storage is used to inhibit peach fruit ripening during shipment to distant markets. However, this cold storage can negatively affect the quality of the fruit when it is ripened, resulting in disorders such as wooliness, browning or leathering. In order to understand the individual and combined biological effects that factors such as cold storage and ripening have on the fruit and fruit quality, we have taken a comparative EST transcript profiling approach to identify genes that are differentially expressed in response to these factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We sequenced 50,625 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from peach mesocarp <it>(Prunus persica </it>O'Henry variety) stored at four different postharvest conditions. A total of 10,830 Unigenes (4,169 contigs and 6,661 singletons) were formed by assembling these ESTs. Additionally, a collection of 614 full-length and 1,109 putative full-length cDNA clones within flanking loxP recombination sites was created.</p> <p>Statistically analyzing the EST population, we have identified genes that are differentially expressed during ripening, in response to cold storage or the combined effects of cold storage and ripening. Pair-wise comparisons revealed 197 contigs with at least one significant difference in transcript abundance between at least two conditions. Gene expression profile analyses revealed that the contigs may be classified into 13 different clusters of gene expression patterns. These clusters include groups of contigs that increase or decrease transcript abundance during ripening, in response to cold or ripening plus cold.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These analyses have enabled us to statistically identify novel genes and gene clusters that are differentially expressed in response to post-harvest factors such as long-term cold storage, ripening or a combination of these two factors. These differentially expressed genes reveal the complex biological processes that are associated with these factors, as well as a large number of putative gene families that may participate differentially in these processes. In particular, these analyzes suggest that woolly fruits lack the increased boost of metabolic processes necessary for ripening. Additionally, these results suggest that the mitochondria and plastids play a major role in these processes. The EST sequences and full-length cDNA clones developed in this work, combined with the large population of differentially expressed genes may serve as useful tools and markers that will enable the scientific community to better define the molecular processes that affect fruit quality in response to post-harvest conditions and the organelles that participate in these processes.</p

Seguridad y salud laboral en autopsias

Se presenta el resultado del análisis de las condiciones de trabajo de patólogos y técnicos de anatomía patológica, durante la realización de autopsias. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo analizando cada una de las etapas del proceso de la autopsia en el Hospital Infanta Margarita de Cabra, e identificando y valorando los peligros y riesgos ligados a cada fase. Entre los resultados obtenidos se han identificado riesgos higiénicos, ergonómicos y de seguridad, destacando entre ellos el riesgo biológico por la gravedad de sus consecuencias, los diversos peligros que lo originan y su continua presencia durante la autopsia. Para cada peligro se indican las medidas preventivas a adoptar, y se detallan las características que deben cumplir los equipos de protección individual necesarios

Genotype analysis to clarify RhD variants in discrepant samples of Chilean population

IntroductionThe D antigen variants are classified as weak, partial, and extremely weak (DEL) and can be differentiated using molecular tests. In Chile, the laboratories of local blood centers do not identify variants of the D antigen, referring them for study to the Reference Laboratory of the Public Health Institute of Chile. So, our aim was to talk about the results of the molecular analysis of variants of the D antigen in samples that had different results in the serological classification.MethodsIn the D antigen classification of the Rh system, 479 samples with serological discrepant results were sent for molecular analysis. The Rh phenotype was performed with monoclonal anti-C, anti-c, anti-E, and anti-e antisera by direct agglutination. To find the D antigen, researchers used direct agglutination with monoclonal antisera and indirect antiglobulin testing with the column (gel) agglutination method. Molecular analysis was performed with a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR) and sequencing.Results and discussionThe presence of D antigen variants was confirmed in 332 samples (69.3%), with an initial discrepancy in serological classification. In this group of discrepant samples, the frequency of weak RhD variants was 66% (219/332), that of extremely weak RhD was 28% (93/332), and that of partial RhD was 6% (20/332). The weak variants type 2 (27.4%), type 3 (8.4%), type 48 (8.4%), and type 1 (8.1%) were the next most prevalent variants after RHD*DEL43 (28%). The ccEe (R2r) phenotype was the most frequently detected (38.4%) and is present in 87% of the RHD*DEL43 samples. The E antigen is associated with the presence of this variant. Our analyses give the first description of D antigen variants in Chile. The most common variants are DEL type (RHD*DEL43) and weak (weak type 2), which are linked to the ccDEe (R2r) phenotype. These findings allow us to characterize the variants of the D antigen in Chile and, according to the obtained data, to design strategies for the management of donors, patients, and pregnant women

Excess cholesterol induces mouse egg activation and may cause female infertility

The HDL receptor scavenger receptor, class B type I (SR-BI) controls the structure and fate of plasma HDL. Female SR-BI KO mice are infertile, apparently because of their abnormal cholesterol-enriched HDL particles. We examined the growth and meiotic progression of SR-BI KO oocytes and found that they underwent normal germinal vesicle breakdown; however, SR-BI KO eggs, which had accumulated excess cholesterol in vivo, spontaneously activated, and they escaped metaphase II (MII) arrest and progressed to pronuclear, MIII, and anaphase/telophase III stages. Eggs from fertile WT mice were activated when loaded in vitro with excess cholesterol by a cholesterol/methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex, phenocopying SR-BI KO oocytes. In vitro cholesterol loading of eggs induced reduction in maturation promoting factor and MAPK activities, elevation of intracellular calcium, extrusion of a second polar body, and progression to meiotic stages beyond MII. These results suggest that the infertility of SR-BI KO females is caused, at least in part, by excess cholesterol in eggs inducing premature activation and that cholesterol can activate WT mouse eggs to escape from MII arrest. Analysis of SR-BI KO female infertility raises the possibility that abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism might underlie some cases of human female infertility of unknown etiology.National Institutes of Health (U.S.)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Pre-doctoral Training Grant T32GM007287)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (International Science and Technology Initiatives Chile Cooperative Grant

The case of a southern European glacier disappearing under recent warming that survived Roman and Medieval warm periods

Mountain glaciers have generally experienced an accelerated retreat over the last three decades as a rapid response to current global warming. However, the response to previous warm periods in the Holocene is not well-described for glaciers of the of southern Europe mountain ranges, such as the Pyrenees. The situation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900-1300 CE) is particularly relevant since it is not certain whether the glaciers just experienced significant ice loss or whether they actually disappeared. We present here the first chronological study of a glacier located in the Central Pyrenees (N Spain), the Monte Perdido Glacier (MPG), carried out by different radiochronological techniques and their comparison with geochemical proxies with neighboring paleoclimate records. The result of the chronological model proves that the glacier endured during the Roman Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The lack of ice from last 600 years indicates that the ice formed during the Little Ice Age has melted away. The analyses of the content of several metals of anthropogenic origin, such as Zn, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb, appear in low amounts in MPG ice, which further supports our age model in which the record from the industrial period is lost. This study confirms the exceptional warming of the last decades in the context of last two millennia. We demonstrate that we are facing an unprecedented retreat of the 55 Pyrenean glaciers which survival is compromised beyond a few decades

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros