Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise

Since it was discovered, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has motivated research groups around the world to develop preconditioning protocols capable of protecting tissues against prolonged insults. In 31 years of study, promising results have been obtained on the beneficial role of the CPI and the mechanisms involved in its regulation. Also, different preconditioning protocols that have obtained results similar to the classic CPI have been developed, among which is the exercise-induced preconditioning (EP), that has been proven to protect the heart against an insult, mitigate the atrophy of the heart muscle and increase physical performance in athletes and/or athletes

Yield performance, physicochemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of forage legumes in the dry tropic of Mexico

Tres leguminosas herbáceas: Macroptilium lathyroides, Macroptilium atropurpureum y Phaseolus acutifolius se sembraron en 12 unidades experimentales de 28 m2 cada una, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar y cuatro repeticiones por especie. El objetivo fue evaluar las características de producción de materia seca (MS), relación hoja-tallo y cobertura, así como la concentración de proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), lignina (LDA), taninos, fenoles y digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS) en todo el ciclo biológico de las especies. La producción promedio de MS (kg ha-1) difirió (P0.05) en concentración de PC, FDN, FDA y DIVMS. La especie P. acutifolius mostró una menor concentración de todas las fracciones y una menor DIVMS.  La concentración de taninos (g kg-1 MS) fue mayor (P0.05) in CP concentration, NDF, ADF and IVDDMS. The species P. acutifolius showed the lowest concentration of all the fractions including DIVMS. The concentration of tannins (g kg-1 MS) was high (P<0.05) for M. lathyroides (3.93), intermediate for M. atropurpureum (3.14) and low (1.82) for P. acutifolius. In phenols, the species were not different, having an average of 20.3 g kg-1 DM. It is concluded that M. lathyroides and M. atropurpureum were the species with the best yield performance and nutritional quality in the total experimental phase.

Climate and soil effect on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield

Objective: To determine the potential yield and the water-limited yield in oil palm producing areas in the state of Tabasco. Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily records of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, reaching over 20 years. To estimate the potential yield, the methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used. The estimation of the annual water deficit was done from the climatic water balance, using the equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012). Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies between 35.8 and 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The water-limited yield can vary on average between 15.6 and 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The decrease in the maximum average achievable yield due to soil moisture deficits ranges from 19.2% to 49.5%. Study limitations/implications: It is necessary to include climate change horizons in future studies to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, to know the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop. Findings/conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that, if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed, there would be increases between 6.5 and 14.4 t ha-1 and between 72.8% and 129% more, with respect to the potential yield. Key words: yield gap, annual water deficit, water balance, potential yield.Objective: To determine potential and water-limited yields in oil palm producing areas in the State of Tabasco, México. Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature records, going back to more than 20 years. The methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used to estimate the potential yield. The equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012) was used to estimate the annual water deficit from the climatic water balance. Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies from 35.8 to 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The average water-limited yield can vary from 15.6 to 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The reduction in the maximum average attainable yield was the result of 19.2-49.5% soil moisture deficits. Study limitations/Implications: In order to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, climate change horizons must be included in future studies; this would enable researchers to establish the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop. Findings/Conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that —if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed— output and percentage would be 6.5-14.4 t ha-1 and 72.8-129% higher than the potential yield.

Management of a ruptured epidural catheter, an anesthesiologist's dilemma: a case report

Epidural anesthesia is a widely used anesthetic technique in lower extremity surgeries although it is a relatively safe procedure, it can have complications, such as rupture of the epidural catheter. This is a 69-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Wagner IV diabetic foot is presented, which was scheduled for left supracondylar amputation in which after epidural block, retention of the catheter tip in the epidural space at level L2-L3 was seen, so hemi laminectomy was performed in a second surgical stage in L2 and removal of the epidural catheter. Ideally a broken needle should be removed as soon as possible

Neuroaxial anesthesia caused paraplegia: a case report

Patients who undergo; anesthesia, neuraxial analgesia, or some type of neuraxial blockage are exposed to multiple complications. 33-year-old male patient, suffers a femur fracture with a long oblique trace causing pain and functional limitation for movements. Surgical resolution is determined using neuraxial block at L2-L3 level, and intravenous sedation. During his postoperative follow-up, a decrease in strength was confirmed in the lower limbs with 0/5 on the Daniels scale, 100% sensitivity without sphincter control, steroids were prescribed along with magnetic resonance imaging and a neurosurgical evaluation was requested. The MRI shows bulging of the fibrous annulus that obliterates the epidural fat and makes contact with the thecal sac in the L5-S1 intervertebral disc level. The neurosurgery service prescribes rehabilitation sessions at home, electrostimulation and neuropathic medications. Patient was discharged with rehabilitation sessions at home and medical treatment. In his last consultation, an evaluation from the psychiatry department was requested for ideas of disability, hopelessness, fantasies of death without a suicide plan related to limitations and loss of functionality. Patient does not return to external follow-up, cannot be located

Chronic venous insufficiency: a review

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) comprises a complete spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system1 including any long-term functional and morphological alteration. CVI accounts for several abnormalities of the venous system. It is a highly prevalent disease that causes serious economic consequences, a decrease in the quality of life and can lead to serious complications. An exhaustive review was performed with the available literature, using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 2004 to 2021. The search criteria were formulated to identify reports related to chronic venous insufficiency. The pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency begins with chronic venous hypertension and the dilation of the vessel, this leads to a series of pathological changes in the venous wall and surrounding tissues, in advanced stages of CVI, skin lesions are associated with an increased proliferation of skin capillaries and microcirculatory abnormalities that may be the result of an altered level of factors responsible for the angiogenic response, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiostatin. In this review, updates on pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis, classification and treatment of this disease are analyzed, with special emphasis on therapeutic options. Chronic venous insufficiency is a disease that affects the patient at several levels, mainly diminishing his/her quality of life. Currently there are various treatments ranging from habit modifications, pharmacological, to endovenous and surgical treatment.

Retos actuales de la farmacia

Retos actuales de la farmacia es un proyecto que está coordinado por Leobargo Manuel Gómez Oliván y un equipo de investigadores que forman parte del claustro de la Facultad de Química en el área de posgrado, ellos han incentivado el espíritu investigador y científico de los estudiantes adscritos al programa para adentrarse en el ámbito farmacéutico. Los capítulos que conforman esta edición son el reflejo de la actividad académica desarrollada en este posgrado en las diferentes áreas de acentuación que lo conforman: farmacia molecular, farmacia social y tecnología farmacéutica

Automatic segmentation of coronary arteries using a multiscale Top-Hat operator and multiobjective optimization

En este artículo se presenta un nuevo método de segmentación de arterias coronarias en imágenes angiográficas de rayos X consistente en dos etapas. En la primera etapa, un operador top-hat multiescala basado en las propiedades de la matriz Hessiana es introducido para realzar estructuras con forma arterial en el angiograma. Los resultados del operador top-hat multiescala propuesto son comparados con métodos multiescala basados en filtros de correspondencia Gaussiana, matriz Hessiana y operadores morfológicos, los cuales son analizados usando el área (zA) bajo la curva característica operativa del receptor. En la segunda etapa, un nuevo método de umbralización basado en optimización multiobjetivo mediante la aproximación de la suma ponderada para clasificar pixeles arteriales y no arteriales es presentado. El desempeño del método multiobjetivo es comparado con siete métodos de umbralización automática utilizando angiogramas delineados por un especialista mediante las medidas de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud. Finalmente, el método propuesto es comparado con cinco métodos de segmentación arterial pertenecientes al estado del arte. Los resultados de realzado arterial mediante el operador top-hat multiescala demostraron la mejor exactitud conzA= 0.942 usando un conjunto de entrenamiento de 40 angiogramas y zA = 0.965 con un conjunto de prueba independiente de 40 angiogramas. Los resultados de segmentación de arterias coronarias usando el método de umbralización multiobjetivo proporcionaron un desempeño promedio de 0.923 con el conjunto de prueba de angiogramas

Canteadora semiautomática de vidrio

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla el diseño de las áreas funcionales que conforman una maquina canteadora semi-automática de vidrio, la cual tiene la característica de pulir cubiertas circulares con diferentes diámetros y espesores de vidrio. El objetivo es tener un producto eficiente y a menor costo. También se muestra las memorias de cálculo y las simulaciones de los mecanismos que componen la canteadora, así como los planos de diseño