Caracterización sociodemográfica de la satisfacción laboral en personal hospitalario

Objective: the purpose was to determine the association of job satisfaction with the sociodemographic variables of the captive population. Materials and methods: it was a transversal and analytical design with a sample of 526 workers, to whom a questionnaire of sociodemographic and labor data was applied, and the Questionnaire of Job Satisfaction S21/ 26. It presents six factors that allow to evaluate Satisfaction with Oversight and Participation in the Organization (I), with Remuneration and Benefits (II), Intrinsic Satisfaction (III), with the Physical Environment (IV), with Quantity of Production (V) and with Quality of Production (VI). Results: age was found to be associated with dimensions I and II with p= 0,037 and p= 0,038 respectively. The variable of schooling was associated with dimensions IV (p= 0,008), V (p= 0,000) and VI (p= 0,059). The labour category variable had a value of p= 0.010, p= 0.000 and p= 0.001 for dimensions IV, V and VI, respectively. Finally, the variable working seniority was associated with dimension I (p=0.057). Conclusions: It is concluded that the institution studied generally offers its workers the means that satisfy their professional expectations, but emphasis should be placed on improving the dimensions in which dissatisfaction is generated in order to forge an environment conducive to the labour development of the workers and thus contribute to improving their quality of life.Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo fue determinar la asociación de la satisfacción laboral con las variables sociodemográficas de trabajadores hospitalarios. Materiales y métodos : con diseño transversal y analítico en una muestra probabilística de 526 trabajadores, se aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, y el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S21 / 26 que consta de seis dimensiones que permiten evaluar la Satisfacción con la Supervisión y Participación en la Organización (I), con la Remuneración y las Prestaciones (II), Satisfacción Intrínseca (III), con el Ambiente Físico (IV), con la Cantidad de Producción (V), y con la Calidad de Producción (VI). Resultados: se determinó que la edad se asoció con las dimensiones I y II con p = 0,037 yp = 0,038 respectivamente. La variable escolaridad se asoció con las dimensiones IV (p = 0,008), V (p = 0,000) y VI (p = 0,059). La variable de categoría laboral tuvo un valor de p = 0.010, p = 0.000 yp = 0.001 para las dimensiones IV, V y VI, respectivamente. Finalmente, la variable antigüedad laboral, se asoció con la dimensión I (p = 0.057). Conclusiones: se concluye que la institución estudiada en general ofrece a sus trabajadores los medios que satisfacen sus expectativas profesionales, pero se debe hacer énfasis en mejorar las dimensiones en las que se genera el descontento para forjar un ambiente propicio al desarrollo laboral de los trabajadores y así contribuir para mejorar su calidad de vida

Estudio transversal para comparar el rendimiento académico en estudiantes mexicanos de educación secundaria en función de su índice de masa corporal

Introduction: Mexico ranks second in the world in childhood obesity. The impact of obesity on comprehensive health is evident; however, the evidence of its influence on academic performance in Mexican adolescents is still scarce. Objective: to compare the academic performance of high school students based on their Body Mass Index (BMI). Material and methods: cross-sectional study in a probabilistic sample of 156 students. Weight and height were taken and BMI was classified according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The average grade was used to measure academic performance. Descriptive statistics and Chi square were applied to compare groups. Results: 50% women; the mean age was 13.1 years (DT = .94). 32.7% were obese, 19.2% overweight and 48.1 % normal weight. The mean score was 8.6 (DT = .82), 42.3% had a high performance, 38.5% an average performance and 19.2% a low performance. High performance was more frequent in the obesity group (40.9%), followed by normal weight (36.4%) and overweight (22.7%). When comparing the academic performance in the groups by BMI, statistical differences were found (p = 0.01). Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher than the national average. There are differences in academic performance. Adolescents with obesity had a higher school performance.Introducción: México ocupa el segundo lugar del mundo en obesidad infantil. El impacto de la obesidad sobre la salud integral es evidente; sin embargo, la evidencia de su influencia sobre el rendimiento académico en adolescentes mexicanos es todavía escasa. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de secundaria en función de su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Material y métodos: estudio transversal en muestra probabilística de 156 estudiantes. Se tomó peso y talla y se clasificó el IMC según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para medir el rendimiento académico se utilizó la calificación promedio. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y Chi cuadrado para comparar grupos. Resultados: 50% mujeres; la media de edad fue de 13,1 años (desviación típica [DT]= 0,94). El 32,7 % presentaron obesidad, 19,2 % sobrepeso y el 48,1 % peso normal. La media de calificación fue 8,6 (DT= 0,82), el 42,3% tenía un rendimiento académico alto, el 38,5% un rendimiento medio y el 19,2% un rendimiento bajo. El rendimiento alto fue más frecuente en el grupo de obesidad (40,9%), seguido de peso normal (36,4%) y sobrepeso (22,7%). Al comparar el rendimiento académico en los grupos por IMC, se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (p=0,01). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es más alta que la media nacional. Existen diferencias en el rendimiento académico en función del IMC. Los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron un rendimiento escolar más alto

Occupational Positive Mental Health: proposal of a theoretical model for the positive approach of mental health at work

Se propone un modelo teórico para el abordaje de la salud mental positiva ocupacional basado en la psicología positiva, la psicología ecológica, la salutogénesis y el humanismo. El modelo comprende una estructura de seis factores: bienestar personal en el trabajo, relaciones interpersonales positivas en el trabajo, filosofía de vida laboral, empoderamiento en el trabajo, fortalezas personales en el trabajo, e inmersión en la tarea; lo cual se traduce en cuatro dimensiones; cognitiva, socioafectiva, comportamental y espiritual. Para fundamentar esta propuesta, se realizó un análisis de los dos principales posicionamientos referente a la salud mental, el tradicional, predominantemente negativo, centrado en la supresión o ausencia de enfermedad, y el positivo, enfocado en la promoción de la salud y desarrollo de círculos virtuosos. Derivado del análisis, encontramos una postura mixta y vacíos teóricos que justifican la propuesta de un modelo auténticamente positivo. Finalizamos con algunas conclusiones y las implicaciones prácticas de relevancia social para este tema.We propose a theoretical model for the approach of Occupational Positive Mental Health based on positive psychology, ecologic psychology, salutogenesis and humanism. The model has a six-factor structure: personal wellbeing at work, positive interpersonal relationships at work, work-life philosophy, empowerment at work, personal strengths at work, and task immersion. These six aspects are translated into four dimensions: cognitive, socio-affective, behavioral, and spiritual. In order to support this proposal, an analysis of the two main approaches to mental health was developed, the traditional, focused on the negative, the suppression or absence of sickness, and the positive, focused on health promotion and the development of virtuous circles. Derived from the analysis, we found a mixed approach and a theoretical shortage that justify the need of an authentic positive model proposition. We finalize with some conclusions and practice implications of social relevance for the topic.Propõe-se um modelo teórico para a abordagem da saúde mental positiva ocupacional baseado na psicologia positiva, a psicologia ecológica, a salutogênese e o humanismo. O modelo compreende uma estrutura de seis fatores: bem-estar pessoal no trabalho, relações interpessoais positivas no trabalho, filosofia da vida laboral, empoderamento no trabalho, fortalezas pessoais no trabalho, e imersão no serviço; que é traduzido em quatro dimensões: cognitiva, socioafetiva, de comportamento e espiritual. Para fundamentar essa proposta, foi realizada uma análise dos dois principais posicionamentos referentes a saúde mental: o tradicional, predominantemente negativo, centrado na supressão ou ausência de doença, e o positivo, focado na promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento de círculos virtuosos. Derivado da análise, encontramos uma postura mista e vazios teóricos que justificam a proposta de um modelo autenticamente positivo. Finalizamos com algumas conclusões e implicações práticas de relevância para esse tema

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Mexican Population

Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety.We performed a study in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the proportions for depression and anxiety and, after adjusting for confounding variables, we performed multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regressions to evaluate the combined effect of the various factors associated with anxiety and depression among persons with type 2 diabetes. The rates for depression and anxiety were 48.27% (95% CI: 44.48–52.06) and 55.10% (95% CI: 51.44–58.93), respectively. Occupation and complications in diabetes were the factors associated with anxiety, whereas glucose level and complications in diabetes were associated with depression. Complications in diabetes was a factor common to depression and anxiety (p<0.0001; OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.29–2.4).Our findings demonstrate that a large proportion of diabetic patients present depression and/or anxiety. We also identified a significant association between complications in diabetes with depression and anxiety. Interventions are necessary to hinder the appearance of complications in diabetes and in consequence prevent depression and anxiety

El negocio del vino

SEMINARIO: ANÁLISIS FINANCIERO PARA LA MEJOR TOMA DE DECISIONE

Relação entre a ansiedade e o desempenho académico nos alunos do ensino secundário

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and academic performance among secondary school students. The research design was cross-sectional and correlational, with a probability sample of 156 randomly selected students. The data for the study were collected using the Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R) and a sociodemographic data questionnaire. Academic performance was calculated based on the students’ grade average. The sample had the same number male and female students, with an average age of 13.10 years (SD = 0.94): 69.23% from first year, 19.23% from second year and 11.54% from third year, all from the metropolitan area of Guadalajara in Mexico. The results found indications of anxiety among 28.8% of the students. The average academic grade was 8.6 (SD = .82): 42.3% high academic performance, 38.5% medium performance and 19.2% low performance. A higher average anxiety score was observed among students with a low performance, compared to those with a medium or high performance. When comparing the groups of students with different academic performance with the presence or absence of anxiety, a statistically significant correlation was found. The correlation between greater anxiety and lower academic performance suggests the need for periodic assessment of both anxiety and other psycho-affective disorders among students through psychoepidemiological surveillance, in conjunction with school performance, in order to put in place preventive and remedial action strategies.El objetivo de este estudio fue indagar la relación entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de secundaria. El diseño de la investigación fue transversal y correlacional, con una muestra probabilística de 156 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Los datos se recogieron con la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños (CMAS-R) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El rendimiento académico se calculó en base al promedio de calificaciones. La muestra tenía el mismo número de mujeres y varones, con una media de edad de 13.10 años (DE = 0.94); 69.23% cursaban primer año de secundaria, 19.23% segundo año y 11.54% tercero, y todos procedían de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara (México). Los resultados mostraron indicios de ansiedad entre el 28.8% de los estudiantes. La media de calificación académica era 8.6 (DE = 0.82); el 42.3% tenía un rendimiento académico alto, el 38.5% medio y el 19.2% bajo. Se observó una puntuación media de ansiedad más alta entre los estudiantes con un rendimiento bajo, en comparación con los que tenían un rendimiento medio o alto. Al comparar los grupos de estudiantes con diferente rendimiento con la presencia o no de ansiedad, se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa. La relación entre mayor ansiedad y menor rendimiento académico sugiere la necesidad de evaluar periódicamente tanto la ansiedad como otros trastornos psicoafectivos entre los estudiantes mediante la vigilancia psicoepidemiológica, conjuntamente con el rendimiento escolar, con el fin de poner en marcha estrategias de actuación preventivas y correctoras

O DIREITO HUMANO AO TRABALHO DECENTE E A PROMOÇÃO DE AMBIENTES DE TRABALHO PRÓ PESSOA

This work, presented as a reflective essay, exposes a position that defends the Human Right to Dignified or Decent Work, which is defined by the International Labor Organization as "one that synthesizes the aspirations of people during their working lives. It means the opportunity to access productive employment that generates a fair income, safety in the workplace and protectionfor families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for individuals to express their opinions, organize themselves and participate in the decisions that affect their lives, and equal opportunities and treatment for all, women and men.” Likewise, the position called Pro Person is addressed, aimed at a culture of peace in healthy work environments from where mental health and comprehensive well-being can be accessed.Este trabajo presentado a manera de ensayo reflexivo, expone una postura que defiende el Derecho Humano al Trabajo Digno o Decente, el cual es definido desde la Organización Internacional del Trabajo como “aquel que sintetiza las aspiraciones de las personas durante su vida laboral. Significa la oportunidad de acceder a un empleo productivo que genere un ingreso justo, la seguridad en el lugar de trabajo y la protección&nbsp;social para las familias, mejores perspectivas de desarrollo personal e integración social, libertad para que los individuos expresen sus opiniones, se organicen y participen en las decisiones que afectan sus vidas, y la igualdad de oportunidades y trato para todos, mujeres y hombres.” Así también, se aborda la postura denominada Pro Persona, tendiente a una culltura de paz en ambientes laborales sanos desde donde puede accederse a la salud mental y al bienestar integral.Este trabalho, apresentado como um ensaio reflexivo, expõe uma posição que defende o Direito Humano ao Trabalho Digno ou Decente, que é definido pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho como “aquele que sintetiza as aspirações das pessoas durante sua vida laboral. Significa a oportunidade de acesso a empregos produtivos que gerem uma renda justa, segurança no trabalho e proteção&nbsp;para as famílias, melhores perspectivas de desenvolvimento pessoal e integração social, liberdade para os indivíduos expressarem suas opiniões, se organizarem e participarem das decisões que afetam suas vidas, e igualdade de oportunidades e tratamento para todos, mulheres e homens”. Da mesma forma, é abordada a posição denominada Pro Pessoa, voltada para uma cultura de paz em ambientes de trabalho saudáveis, de onde se possa acessar a saúde mental e o bem-estar integral

Computational Modelling of RC Slabs Cracking with an Embedded Discontinuity Formulation

Abstract This paper investigates the cracking process of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to vertical load, involving their crack pattern and the load-displacement capacity curve. Concrete was discretized with hexahedral finite elements with embedded discontinuities; whereas steel reinforcement was represented by 3D bar elements, placed along the edges of the solid elements, both kinds of elements have three degrees of freedom per node. The constitutive behaviour of concrete considers the softening deformation after reaching a failure surface, whereas the hardening of the reinforcing steel is represented by a 1D rate independent plasticity model with isotropic hardening. The coupling of solid and bar finite elements was validated with a reinforced concrete slab reported in the literature; other two slabs were also investigated showing their cracking patters at the top and at the bottom surfaces