Updating the proposal of 'Just Communities' for democratic civil education

This article examines Kohlberg's proposal of the 'just community' from a current perspective in line with a post-conventional morality grounded on the democratization of schools. A type of teacher training is proposed that uses up-to-date methods to approach just communities. By taking the critical interpretation of the model of moral development, the article also concludes that schools today have integrated some of the cutting-edge advances to the just communities' program, and that this approach reciprocally calls for updating the idea of moral education by incorporating a broader view of morality. Such an update also includes families in the joint process of stimulating moral development and resolving conflicts of action. Lastly, it has been explained that Kohlberg did not give the family a role in their children's moral education, stating that the specific way to develop moral reasoning is through the relationships among equals at school. It is unclear whether there is a particular moral family environment that best fosters the development of the child's moral reasoning. Nevertheless, data provided from some studies confirm that there is a relationship between the moral reasoning of the parentsand that of their children. Indeed, parents may even use teaching strategies to improve their children's moral development through dialog and the use of inductive strategies

Decentralization: A handicap in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic? The response of the regional governments in Spain

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an ultimate testing ground for evaluating the resilience and effectiveness of federal and decentralized systems. The article analyses how the Spanish asymmetrical system of decentralization has responded to the pandemic, focusing on the management developed by the sub-central governments (Autonomous Communities) during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020. The research, which is both quantitative and qualitative, employs multidisciplinary tools and information sources, analyzing and linking fiscal and budgetary sources with the available statistics and information on health. Although the health, economic and social crisis caused by COVID-19 has highlighted appreciable shortcomings related to the decentralized model of territorial organization – in questions of both regional financing and health management – the research concludes that decentralization has not per se been a handicap when confronting the pandemic in Spain

La Transición de la fecundidad en el País Vasco durante el franquismo

365 p.La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo la realización de un estudio completo y cercano del proceso de transición de la fecundidad en Euskadi durante el período franquista. El control de la fecundidad es una de las principales fases de la transición demográfica. En este trabajo se ha tratado de realizar un acercamiento a este proceso en una sociedad tan diversa y heterogénea como es la de las capitales vascas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Por medio de una muy valiosa fuente de información como es el padrón municipal de habitantes, se ha elaborado una amplia base de datos sobre la que se sustenta el trabajo. El análisis de una fuente de este tipo ha permitido la realización de un estudio diferencial sobre la evolución de la fecundidad. Así, ha sido posible identificar los grupos sociales que comienzan a realizar el proceso, los últimos en llevarlo a cabo, las diferencias por distritos en la ciudad, por clase social, profesión del cabeza de familia, etc. En resumen, se ha elaborado un análisis muy amplio de la situación de la fecundidad en una época en la que desde el gobierno franquista se aboga por una política pronatalista. El resultado es un estudio completo del proceso de transición de la fecundidad

La Transición de la fecundidad en el País Vasco durante el franquismo

365 p.La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo la realización de un estudio completo y cercano del proceso de transición de la fecundidad en Euskadi durante el período franquista. El control de la fecundidad es una de las principales fases de la transición demográfica. En este trabajo se ha tratado de realizar un acercamiento a este proceso en una sociedad tan diversa y heterogénea como es la de las capitales vascas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Por medio de una muy valiosa fuente de información como es el padrón municipal de habitantes, se ha elaborado una amplia base de datos sobre la que se sustenta el trabajo. El análisis de una fuente de este tipo ha permitido la realización de un estudio diferencial sobre la evolución de la fecundidad. Así, ha sido posible identificar los grupos sociales que comienzan a realizar el proceso, los últimos en llevarlo a cabo, las diferencias por distritos en la ciudad, por clase social, profesión del cabeza de familia, etc. En resumen, se ha elaborado un análisis muy amplio de la situación de la fecundidad en una época en la que desde el gobierno franquista se aboga por una política pronatalista. El resultado es un estudio completo del proceso de transición de la fecundidad

Coronavirus as the Possible Causative Agent of the 1889–1894 Pandemic

[EN] Using new and original nineteenth-century sources, we analysed the epidemiology, clinical features and virology of the 1889 pandemic, which was referred to at the time as ‘Russian flu’ or ‘Asiatic flu’. However, we rejected this identification of the disease as an ‘influenza’, which we believe to have been based on insufficient knowledge of the causative agent and instead posit that the pandemic was caused by a coronavirus. We provide a new account of the 1889–1893 pandemic, with a more detailed chronology that included at least four epidemiological waves. At the end of 1889, a new virus appeared in Europe, which could be identified as the coronavirus HCoV-OC43, causing crude death rates of 1.3 per 1000 population in St Petersburg; 2.1 per 1000 in Paris; 2.8 per 1000 in Bilbao and on the French–Spanish border; between 2.9 and 5.2 per 1000 in small towns in the Basque Country; and 5.8 deaths per 1000 in Madrid, which had the highest death rate. The clinical features of the disease differed from classical influenza pandemics in terms of the latency phase, duration, symptomatology, convalescence, immunity, age and death rates. Another factor to be considered was the neurotropic capacity of the disease. The most frequent form of the 1889 pandemic was the ‘nervous form’, with specific symptoms such as ‘heavy headache’ (céphalalgie gravative), tiredness, fever and delirium. There are strong parallels between the 1889–1894 pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic, and a better understanding of the former may therefore help us to better manage the latter.Research project: “El mapa de la desigualdad: las ciudades en la primera mitad del siglo XX.” PID2020-116797GB-I00. Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain. (AEI/FEDER, UE)

Benchmarking 5G MEC and Cloud infrastructures for planning IoT messaging of CCAM data

Vehicles embed lots of sensors supporting driving and safety. Combined with connectivity, they bring new possibilities for Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services that exploit local and global data for a wide understanding beyond the myopic view of local sensors. Internet of Things (IoT) messaging solutions are ideal for vehicular data as they ship core features like the separation of geographic areas, the fusion of different producers on data/sensor types, and concurrent subscription support. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) and Cloud infrastructures are key to hosting a virtualized and distributed IoT platform. Currently, the are no benchmarks for assessing the appropriate size of an IoT platform for multiple vehicular data types such as text, image, binary point clouds and video-formatted samples. This paper formulates and executes the tests to get a benchmarking of the performance of a MEC and Cloud platform according to actors' concurrency, data volumes and business levels parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation System

Uvjeti mriještenja i razvoja gonada školjke rumenke Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mekušci: Školjke) na katalonskoj obali (sjevernoistočni dio Španjolske)

In order to select the most suitable broodstock conditions for Callista chione, a conditioning experiment was performed and the gametogenic cycle of a natural population on the coast of Arenys de Mar (Catalonia, NE Spain) was studied. The influence of food availability and sand bed presence on energy balance and gonadal development was analyzed, also the proliferation of intracellular bacteria in gills was monitored. The gametogenic cycle started between August and September. In November, most of the gonads were ripe and spawning began in December. The higher abundance of spawning clams occurred between January and April (with sea surface temperature 13-15ºC). Three experimental conditions were tested in September at a constant temperature of 14ºC:T1 (0.10% of organic weight of microalgae as a proportion of the live weight of the clams per day and a sand bed); T2 (0.05% and a sand bed); T3 (0.10% without a sand bed). Gonadal maturity was a priority for this species and was reached at the end of all trials. Food availability and sand bed presence benefit survival and gonadal development. The best results were obtained in clams from trial T1. Nevertheless, broodstock conditions seemed to trigger the proliferation of intracellular bacteria in gills, and as the experiment advanced, prevalence and intensity of infection increased for all trials reaching values of 100% and between 9-40 intracellular bacteria/pair of gill plica, respectively.Kako bi se odabrali najprikladniji uvjeti za mriještenje vrste Callista chione, proveden je eksperiment kojim se pokušao utvrditi gametogeni ciklus prirodne populacije na obali Arenys de Mar (Katalonija, SI Španjolska). Analiziran je utjecaj dostupnosti hrane i prisutnosti pješčanog morskog dna na energetsku ravnotežu i gonadni razvoj, također je praćena proliferacija intracelularne bakterije u škrgama. Gametogeni ciklus započeo je između kolovoza i rujna. U studenom je većina gonada zrela i mrijest je započeo u prosincu. Veći broj mriještenja školjki dogodio se između siječnja i travnja (uz površinske temperature mora 13-15ºC). Tri eksperimentalna uvjeta su ispitana u rujnu na konstantnoj temperaturi od 14 stupnjeva: T1 (0.10% organske mase algi, udjela žive vage školjki po danu i pješčanog dna); T2 (0,05% pješčano dno); T3 (0.10% bez pješčanog dna). Gonadna zrelost je prioritet za ovu vrstu, a postignuta je na kraju svih ispitivanja. Dostupnost hrane i pješčano morsko dno pogoduju opstanku i razvoju gonada, a najbolji rezultati dobiveni su u školjkama u ispitivanju označenom T1. Ipak, činilo se da uvjeti mriješt enja aktiviraju proliferaciju intracelularne bakterije u škrgama, a kako je eksperiment napredovao, učestalost i intenzitet zaraze se respektivno povećao kod svih ispitanih primjeraka dosežući vrijednosti od 100% i između 9-40 intracelularnih bakterija po paru škržnih nabora