Combining airborne thermal infrared images and radium isotopes to study submarine groundwater discharge along the French Mediterranean coastline

The French Mediterranean coastline, which includes karstic springs discharging into coastal seas and coastal lagoons. Study focus We investigated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), an important vector for many chemical elements that may impact the quality of the coastal environment. First, we acquired airborne thermal infrared (TIR) images to detect terrestrial groundwater inputs. Then we report in situ data (salinity; temperature; radium isotopes). We use these data i) to confirm the presence of groundwater discharge and to characterize the different systems, and ii) to quantify SGD fluxes and estimate the residence time of the water bodies. New hydrological insights for the region Few studies have been conducted on SGD along the French Mediterranean coastline. The terrestrial groundwater spring inputs in La Palme and Salses-Leucate coastal lagoons are in the range (0.04–0.11) m 3 s −1 , ≤ 2% of the local river inputs. In comparison, total SGD estimates to La Palme lagoon (0.56–1.7 m 3 s −1 ) suggest that the recirculation of lagoon water through the sediment is two orders of magnitude greater than the terrestrial groundwater inputs. At the Calanque of Port-Miou, the terrestrial groundwater flux to the coastal seas was between 0.6 and 1.2 m 3 s −1 in July 2009. This study demonstrates the application of airborne TIR remote sensing for detecting surficial groundwater springs, and the inability of the method to detect deeper, submerged springs

Combined thalamic and subthalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamic ventral intermediate (Vim) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reportedly improves medication-refractory Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor. However, little is known about the potential synergic effects of combined Vim and STN DBS. We describe a 79-year-old man with medication-refractory tremor-dominant PD. Bilateral Vim DBS electrode implantation produced insufficient improvement. Therefore, the patient underwent additional unilateral left-sided STN DBS. Whereas Vim or STN stimulation alone led to partial improvement, persisting tremor resolution occurred after simultaneous stimulation. The combination of both targets may have a synergic effect and is an alternative option in suitable cases

Temporal variability of lagoon–sea water exchange and seawater circulation through a Mediterranean barrier beach

The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers between coastal lagoons and the sea, driven by a positive hydraulic gradient, is a net new pathway for solute transfer to the sea. On the sea side of sand barriers, seawater circulation in the swash-zone generates a flux of recycled and new solutes. The significance and temporal variability of these vectors to the French Mediterranean Sea is unknown, despite lagoons constituting ~ 50% of the coastline. A one-dimensional 224Raex/223Ra reactive-transport model was used to quantify water flow between a coastal lagoon (La Palme) and the sea over a 6-month period. Horizontal flow between the lagoon and sea decreased from ~ 85 cm d−1 during May 2017 (0.3 m3 d−1 m−1 of shoreline) to ~ 20 cm d−1 in July and was negligible in the summer months thereafter due to a decreasing hydraulic gradient. Seawater circulation in the swash-zone varied from 10 to 52 cm d−1 (0.4–2.1 m3 d−1 m−1), driven by short-term changes in the prevailing wind and wave regimes. Both flow paths supply minor dissolved silica fluxes on the order of ~ 3–10 mmol Si d−1 m−1. Lagoon–sea water exchange supplies a net dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux (320–1100 mmol C d−1 m−1) two orders of magnitude greater than seawater circulation and may impact coastal ocean acidification. The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers represents a significant source of new DIC, and potentially other solutes, to the Mediterranean Sea during high lagoon water-level periods and should be considered in seasonal element budgets

Radium isotopes as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) tracers: review and recommendations

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Garcia-Orellana, J., Rodellas, V., Tamborski, J., Diego-Feliu, M., van Beek, P., Weinstein, Y., Charette, M., Alorda-Kleinglass, A., Michael, H. A., Stieglitz, T., & Scholten, J. Radium isotopes as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) tracers: review and recommendations. Earth-Science Reviews, 220, (2021): 103681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103681.Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is now recognized as an important process of the hydrological cycle worldwide and plays a major role as a conveyor of dissolved compounds to the ocean. Naturally occurring radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra and 228Ra) are widely employed geochemical tracers in marine environments. Whilst Ra isotopes were initially predominantly applied to study open ocean processes and fluxes across the continental margins, their most common application in the marine environment has undoubtedly become the identification and quantification of SGD. This review focuses on the application of Ra isotopes as tracers of SGD and associated inputs of water and solutes to the coastal ocean. In addition, we review i) the processes controlling Ra enrichment and depletion in coastal groundwater and seawater; ii) the systematics applied to estimate SGD using Ra isotopes and iii) we summarize additional applications of Ra isotopes in groundwater and marine studies. We also provide some considerations that will help refine SGD estimates and identify the critical knowledge gaps and research needs related to the current use of Ra isotopes as SGD tracers.J.Garcia-Orellana acknowledges the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, through the “Maria de Maeztu” programme for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000940-M), the Generalitat de Catalunya (MERS; 2017 SGR – 1588) and the project OPAL (PID2019-110311RB-C21). V. Rodellas acknowledges financial support from the Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral program of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-BP-00334 and 2019-BP-00241). M. Charette received support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1736277). J. Scholten acknowledges the support through the SEAMOUNT BONUS project (art. 185), which is funded jointly by the EU and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF, grant no. 03F0771B). P. van Beek and T. Stieglitz acknowledge support from the French ANR project MED-SGD (ANR-15-01CE-0004) and chair @RAction MED-LOC (ANR-14-ACHN-0007-01). A. Alorda-Kleinglass acknowledges financial support from ICTA “Unit of Excellence” (MinECo, MDM2015-0552-17-1) and PhD fellowship, BES-2017-080740. H. Michael acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-1759879). M. Diego-Feliu acknowledges the financial support from the FI-2017 fellowships of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-FIB-00365). Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Fig. 12 were designed by Gemma Solà (www.gemmasola.com)

The Bosnian version of the international self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, is reliable and valid in a variety of different adult samples affected by war

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess the internal consistency and discriminant and convergent validity of the Bosnian version of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PTDS). The PTDS yields both a PTSD diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4(th )edition (DSM-IV) and a measure of symptom severity. METHODS: 812 people living in Sarajevo or in Banja Luka in Bosnia-Herzegovina, of whom the majority had experienced a high number of traumatic war events, were administered the PTDS and other measures of trauma-related psychopathology. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and principal components analysis, and its construct validity was assessed via Spearman correlation coefficients with the other instruments. RESULTS: The PTDS and its subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. The principal components revealed by an exploratory analysis are broadly consistent with the DSM-IV subscales except that they reproduce some previously reported difficulties with the "numbing" items from the avoidance subscale. The construct validity of the PTDS was supported by appropriate correlations with other relevant measures of trauma related psychopathology. CONCLUSION: The Bosnian version of the PTDS thus appears to be a time-economic and psychometrically sound measure for screening and assessing current PTSD. This self-report measure awaits further validation by interview methods

Intelligent Monitoring and Controlling of Public Policies Using Social Media and Cloud Computing

Part 3: Government and InfrastructureInternational audienceLack of public participation in various policy making decision has always been a major cause of concern for government all around the world while formulating as well as evaluating such policies. With availability of latest IT infrastructure and the migration of government think-tank towards realizing more efficient cloud based e-government, this problem has been partially answered, but this predicament still persists. However, the exponential rise in usage of social media platforms by general public has given the government a wider insight to overcome this long pending dilemma. This paper presents a pragmatic approach that combines the capabilities of cloud computing and social media analytics towards efficient monitoring and controlling of public policies. The proposed arrangement has provided us some encouraging results, when tested for the policy of the century i.e. GST implementation by Indian government and established that proposed system can be successfully implemented for efficient policy making and implementation

The genomic landscape of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) of childhood with a poor prognosis. Mutations in NF1, NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11 and CBL occur in 85% of patients, yet there are currently no risk stratification algorithms capable of predicting which patients will be refractory to conventional treatment and therefore be candidates for experimental therapies. In addition, there have been few other molecular pathways identified aside from the Ras/MAPK pathway to serve as the basis for such novel therapeutic strategies. We therefore sought to genomically characterize serial samples from patients at diagnosis through relapse and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia in order to expand our knowledge of the mutational spectrum in JMML. We identified recurrent mutations in genes involved in signal transduction, gene splicing, the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and transcription. Importantly, the number of somatic alterations present at diagnosis appears to be the major determinant of outcome

Optimizing transport of live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum): Effects of salinity and shipping biomass

Live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) transport methods were examined to determine opportunities for increasing packing density in closed containers for durations up to 24h. Juvenile cobia (27 to 46days post-hatch (dph)) were tested for salinity tolerance via abrupt transfer from 35ppt salinity water to salinities ranging from 0ppt to 55ppt. Results indicated 100% survival at 24h post-transfer at salinities between 11ppt and 45ppt. Using two different salinities within the range tested in the tolerance trials (12ppt and 32ppt), a 24h simulated shipping trial was conducted comparing final survival between the two salinities at each of four packing densities (5kg/m3, 10kg/m3, 15kg/m3, and 20kg/m3). At packing densities above 10kg/m3, survival was significantly enhanced at 12ppt relative to rates in the higher salinity (32ppt) treatments. Additionally, there were no apparent effects on post-transport aquaculture performance of the fish shipped at high densities in reduced salinity water. Results of this study suggest that cobia fingerling producers can optimize their current shipping methods and protocols by increasing stocking densities in closed containers, allowing for reductions in labor, material, and mass-dependent transport costs. ► We examined the effects of shipping variables on the survival of juvenile cobia. ► Focused on salinity and shipping biomass to determine optimal levels for live shipment. ► Juvenile cobia have a wide salinity tolerance, including abrupt transfer tolerance. ► Lower salinity treatment significantly reduced mortality at increased packing density. ► Potential for significant savings on behalf of cobia producers and operators

Combining airborne thermal infrared images and radium isotopes to study submarine groundwater discharge along the French Mediterranean coastline

The French Mediterranean coastline, which includes karstic springs discharging into coastal seas and coastal lagoons. Study focus We investigated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), an important vector for many chemical elements that may impact the quality of the coastal environment. First, we acquired airborne thermal infrared (TIR) images to detect terrestrial groundwater inputs. Then we report in situ data (salinity; temperature; radium isotopes). We use these data i) to confirm the presence of groundwater discharge and to characterize the different systems, and ii) to quantify SGD fluxes and estimate the residence time of the water bodies. New hydrological insights for the region Few studies have been conducted on SGD along the French Mediterranean coastline. The terrestrial groundwater spring inputs in La Palme and Salses-Leucate coastal lagoons are in the range (0.04–0.11) m 3 s −1 , ≤ 2% of the local river inputs. In comparison, total SGD estimates to La Palme lagoon (0.56–1.7 m 3 s −1 ) suggest that the recirculation of lagoon water through the sediment is two orders of magnitude greater than the terrestrial groundwater inputs. At the Calanque of Port-Miou, the terrestrial groundwater flux to the coastal seas was between 0.6 and 1.2 m 3 s −1 in July 2009. This study demonstrates the application of airborne TIR remote sensing for detecting surficial groundwater springs, and the inability of the method to detect deeper, submerged springs