Prospettive dell'integrazione economica europea

Rapporto preliminare di una ricerca sulle criticità e sugli ostacoli al processo di integrazione europera rilevati a metà degli anni settanta.- Sommario #4- Presentazione #5- Introduzione #6- Parte Prima Le divergenze politico-economiche #7- 1. Fattori di squilibrio e mutamenti strutturali #8- 2. L'ampliamento delle divergenze economiche nella Comunità #16- 3. Problemi d'integrazione e vincoli d'interdipendenza #21- Parte Seconda Le divergenze politico-istituzionali #26- 1. I principali fattori di divergenza #27- 2. Le divergenze nell'azione dei principali attori istituzionali #30- 3. Priorità politiche nazionali #35- 4. Apertura o chiusura? Lo spazio per l'azione comunitaria #39- 5. Conclusioni #4

The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusions: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients

Total Hip Arthroplasty For Femoral Neck Fracture

Patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and femoral neck fracture (FNF) between 1990-2007 were compared using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS). In-hospital, postoperative complications and disposition were compared at six-year intervals to establish trends over time. A total of 2,160,061 THAs were performed for OA, while 174,641 were performed for FNF. Pen-operative mortality and pulmonary embolism rates following elective THA were lower at each interval when compared to THA performed for FNF (P < 0.001). Hematomas, infections, and dislocations were also higher in the traumatic group. The FNF group showed improvements with respect to mortality and rates of pulmonary embolism, infection, and dislocation over time. During the Most recent interval, there was no difference in dislocation rates between the two groups. The length of stay and the percentage of patients discharging to a rehab facility were significantly higher in the FNF group at each time interval. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Governare l'economia europea. Divergenze e processi integrativi

I mutamenti avvenuti nelle società e negli stati nazionali europei nel corso degli anni settanta: ostacoli e compatibilità con il processo di integrazione in corso nella Comunità europea.- Indice #7- Presentazione #9- Le divergenze economiche e politico istituzionali nella Cee, Gianni Bonvicini e Joseph Sassoon #15- I paesi della Cee nella divisione internazionale del lavoro, Fabrizio Onida #15- La riconversione industriale nei paesi della Cee, Enzo Pontarollo #109- Le modificazioni strutturali dei mercati del lavoro nei paesi della Cee, Gateano Speranza #145- L’intervento dello stato nelle economie europee, Guido M. Rey e Roberto Convenevole #185- La politica della spesa e la politica fiscale come strumenti di consenso in Europa, Giuliano Amato #233- La politica dei redditi in Europa, Richard Walker #261- Le prospettive dell’integrazione europea. Il ruolo della Comunità nel controllo delle divergenze, Gianni Bonvicini e Joseph Sassoon #29