Factors Affecting the Production of Staphylocoagulase in a Chemically Defined Medium

Author Institution: Department of Biology and College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo 6, Ohi

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity in Insulin-Resistant Rodent Psammomys Obesus

Phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity and its regulation by overnight food deprivation were studied in Psammomys obesus (sand rat), a gerbil model of insulin resistance and nutritionally induced diabetes mellitus. PTPase activity was measured using a phosphopeptide substrate containing a sequence identical to that of the major site of insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit autophosphorylation. The PTPase activity in membrane fractions was 3.5-, 8.3-, and 5.9-fold lower in liver, fat, and skeletal muscle, respectively, compared with corresponding tissues of albino rat.Western blotting of tissue membrane fractions in Psammomys showed lower PTPase and IR than in albino rats. The density of PTPase transmembrane protein band was 5.5-fold lower in liver and 12-fold lower in adipose tissue. Leukocyte antigen receptor (LAR) and IR were determined by specific immunoblotting and protein bands densitometry and were also found to be 6.3-fold lower in the liver and 22-fold lower in the adipose tissue in the hepatic membrane fractions. Liver cytosolic PTPase activity after an overnight food deprivation in the nondiabetic Psammomys rose 3.7-fold compared with postprandial PTPase activity, but it did not change significantly in diabetic fasted animals. Similar fasting-related changes were detected in the activity of PTPase derived from membrane fraction. In conclusion, the above data demonstrate that despite the insulin resistance, Psammomys is characterized by low level of PTPase activities in membrane and cytosolic fractions in all 3 major insulin responsive tissues, as well as in liver. PTPase activity does not rise in activity as a result of insulin resistance and nutritionally induced diabetes

Individual-specific changes in the human gut microbiota after challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and subsequent ciprofloxacin treatment

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Mark Stares, Richard Rance, and other members of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s 454 sequencing team for generating the 16S rRNA gene data. Lili Fox Vélez provided editorial support. Funding IA, JNP, and MP were partly supported by the NIH, grants R01-AI-100947 to MP, and R21-GM-107683 to Matthias Chung, subcontract to MP. JNP was partly supported by an NSF graduate fellowship number DGE750616. IA, JNP, BRL, OCS and MP were supported in part by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, award number 42917 to OCS. JP and AWW received core funding support from The Wellcome Trust (grant number 098051). AWW, and the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, receive core funding support from the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Science and Analysis Service (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Large-Scale Asset Purchases by the Federal Reserve: Did They Work?

Discusses how the Federal Reserve faced the challenge to further ease the stance of monetary policy as the economic outlook deteriorated through LSAPs

ANTIBIOTIC-INDUCED COLITIS IMPLICATION OF A TOXIN NEUTRALISED BY CLOSTRIDIUM SORDELLII ANTITOXIN

A toxin(s) has been demonstrated in the stools of two patients with antibiotic- associated colitis. This toxin(s) was heat-labile, wasrapidly lethal for hamsters, increased vascular permeability in rabbit skin, and was cytotoxic for cells in tissue-culture. It was neutralised by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin but not by antitoxins prepared against otherclostridia; Escherichia coli, and Vibrio choleroe toxins. These characteristics were identical to those of a toxin implicated in the aetiology of antibiotic-induced colitis in the hamster. One patient improved rapidly after treatment with oral vancomycin, and at the same time the toxin disappeared from the stool.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22808/1/0000365.pd

Additively Manufactured RCS for Small Satellites and Landers

After a fifty year absence, NASA’s return to the lunar surface under the Artemis Program – for long term human exploration and utilization – is driving commercial and academic opportunities for small satellite and small lander platforms (e.g., Commercial Lunar Payload Services program – CLPS). Bipropellant thrusters are a reliable, low risk, and flight proven method for the propulsion and attitude control that is required for complex maneuvers such entry, descent, and landing (EDL) or in-space proximity operations. However, due to the increasingly competitive commercial spaceflight market in the last decade, satellite subsystems must also be affordable to buy their way into the final mission design and engineering solution. Therefore starting in 2019, and based off prior satellite integration work, Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR) undertook an advanced propulsion development effort to combine modern metal additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with thrust scalable hypergolic MON-25 propulsion technology to create a high performance and fully integrated (i.e., multiple thrusters integrated into a single package) reaction control system (RCS) at a fraction of the production cost when compared to the heritage designs that are assembled from individual thrusters. The point-of-departure for the RCS design comes from a new line of additively manufactured thrusters that stably burn volatile MON-25 oxidizer with monomethylhydrazine (MMH) fuel at thrust levels of 5 lbf and 100 lbf. Cost at the subsystem level is lowered by the AM integration of parts and functions which reduces the build of materials, touch labor, and assembly time. In addition, AM allows the design to be adaptable to changing requirements such as the number of thrusters, orientation, and thrust level. Cost at the satellite level is reduced by leveraging MON-25’s lower freezing point of -55 °C (compared to traditional dinitrogen tetroxide oxidizer) to minimize mass, thermal, and power requirements while operating in deep-space environments. In addition, thruster operation at the equal volume mixture ratio for MMH/MON-25 allows for a modular approach to tank design and a predictable center of gravity during maneuvering. This paper provides an overview of the ISE-5 and the ISE-100 MON-25 thruster technology that powers the integrated designs as well as the development progress of the AM RCS concept itself. This includes reduction to practice activities such as proof-of-concept AM material test demonstrators and water flow test units

The zooarchaeological application of quantifying cranial shape differences in wild boar and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) using 3D geometric morphometrics

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Original Article

The employment of malaria therapy for neurosyphilis has been decreasing since penicillin and other antibiotics appeared and neurosyphilis patients decreased recently in their number. But malaria therapy is one of the most effective therapies for neurosyphilis still now. So we must find out how to keep alive malaria blood not in vivo, simply. The results were: 1) The temperature in which malaria blood was kept, decided its fate. The preservation under 4℃, -20℃ was not suitable to keep alive malaria blood long. 2) The solution in a ratio of 4 parts of malaria blood to I part of ACD solution (anti-coagulant) was added by 1.2 to 2.5 mol. amounts of glycerin and then freezing it rapidly at a temperature of -79℃, quick thawing and injecting it intramuscularly among 65 subjects, infection was accomplished sufficiently in 54 subjects with no malaria history. The storage period was 3-242 days. Its incubation period was 12 to 28 days and the average 14.6 days. At present, the longest preservation period is 242 days. In case of slight prolongation of incubation subsequent to long preservation and the parasites figures of smears of Giemsa method, there is possibility of longer preservation than 242 days which is the longest period at this time. This method is simple, practical for malaria preservation. In this case, the factors to determine whether the blood was effectable or not effectable concerned the numbers of parasites in the blood before frozen. 3) Although the freezing drying method did not succeed this time, its possibility can be expected by observing the reconstruction of malaria parasites in glycerin using example. 4) As author described above, glycerin acts effectively on frozen-keeping of malaria protozoa, too

Large-Scale Asset Purchases by the Federal Reserve: Did They Work?

Discusses how the Federal Reserve faced the challenge to further ease the stance of monetary policy as the economic outlook deteriorated through LSAPs